tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86068814644578584502024-03-05T15:54:22.889+00:00Evolutionary PalaeobiologyEvolving science in a living worldAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.comBlogger21125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-9537388232457997382013-03-04T12:41:00.002+00:002013-03-06T11:33:57.811+00:00Diadectes: the world's first badass<br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oakey dokey champs and/or chumps, today we start proper the long-running series I have been promising for quite some time that will now; that is, a look through herbivorous tetrapods in time and space, on a clade-by-clade basis. This time we'll be starting with the Diadectomorpha- both the most basal and earliest tetrapods to have adopted a specialized herbivorous diet (although the edaphosaurs were not far behind) making them the most logical place to begin. Of the Diadectomorpha the titular <i>Diadectes </i>is the only one which tends to get any mention outside (and even inside most of) of the technical literature. <i>Diadectes</i> is also undoubtedly the most common, best known and even most charismatic of its kind, and it has long been one of my favourite
prehistoric animals. Hence the title, a opinion which I will defend to my last breath.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(I’m assuming that there will be no argument here that large-bodied
herbivores are badass. Particularly <i>Diadectes</i>.
I mean, just look at it in figure 1. Powerhouse).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Figure 1: </b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A complete (if rather squashed) </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diadectes</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> on </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">display at the Smithsonian museum of Natural History. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What is very apparent here is the large, powerful limbs and the incisorform anterior teeth, and the wide,barrel-like </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ribcage, which would have housed tremendous guts.</span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Diadectomorpha</b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Figure 2: </b>Simplified phylogeny of tetrapods.<br />General topology follows that of Ruta <i>et al</i>.<br />(2003), with the internal relationships of the<br />Diadectomorpha after Berman <i>et al</i>. (1992) <br />and Kiseel (2010). Crown groups in bold.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Diadectes </i>and its
ilk together constitute the Diadectomorpha, which has at times been suggested
to represent the sister group to synapsids (e.g. Berman <i>et al.</i>, 1992; Berman, 2000) however reinterpretation of the
anatomy of these animals has eroded most of the putative synapomorphies
supporting such a placement (Kissel, 2010). Instead, Diadectomorpha is
currently consistently resolved in its more traditional position, as the sister
taxon to crown amniotes ([sauropsids + synapsids]), forming a monophyletic
Cotylosauria <i>sensu</i> Laurin (e.g. Laurin & reisz, 1995; Ruta <i>et al</i>., 2003; Laurin, 2004) (figure 2)- sharing
with amniotes characters such as the absence of palatal fangs and flaring of
the pterygoids, but lacking fully ossified wrists and ankles. The
Diadectomorpha contains a variety of medium to large-bodied (about 1-3m in
length) highly terrestrial “amphibians” (in the hopelessly paraphyletic sense)
known from the ?early/late Carboniferous and Early Permian of North America and
Germany (figure 3, figure 4). The earliest purported evidence of diadectomorphs is of some bones from the early Carboniferous (Corgan & Preistley, 2005, and putatively assigned to <i>Diadectes</i> no less), more definitely
the group is known from trackway evidence from about 315Ma onwards (Voigt &
Ganzelewski, 2010), with multiple taxa then known from skeletal remains until
the mid Kungurian (the last stage of the early Permian, about 275Ma). A ill-defined but probably around 15 species are known (in a debateable number
of genera, see below), the majority of which belong to the Diadectidae. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The position of the Diadectomorpha instantly raises a few
points of interest as to some fundamentals of their biology- most prominently
whether they laid amniotic eggs and hence could be considered fully
terrestrial, or whether they were constrained to the ancestral condition of
spawning gelatinous eggs in water- and unfortunately, of course, direct
evidence of this transition is highly unlikely to fossilize. Whereas fossil
tadpoles bearing grooves for the lateral line are known from the Seymouriamorphs
(a less derived group of reptillomorphs) especially from <i>Discosauriscus</i> which is either only known from larvae or exhibited
neoteny- none of these aquatic infant traits are known from the Diadectomorphs.
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Figure 3:</b> The temporal ranges of several groups of late<br />Palaeozoic tetrapods. Published skeletal record (hence not<br />including the remains reported by Corgan & Preistley [2005])<br />in thick black bars, with the earliest occurences of diagnostic<br />ichnotaxa of Diadectomorpha and Synapsida marked by the<br />grey line. From Voigt & Ganzelewski, 2010.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Carroll (1970) argued for a model of evolution of the
amniotic egg where terrestrial egg-laying predated development of the
extraembryonic membranes- which would have constrained the immediate ancestors
of amniotes to small body sizes. This scenario remains generally adhered to, if
ultimately untestable, and hence the large size of the Diadectomorphs, and of
Cotylosaurs in general, means that they have typically been inferred to have
laid amniotic eggs, although such an inference does depend somewhat on the
position of the problematic <i>Westlothiana</i>
(Laurin, 2004). Still, given the absence of evidence here, a particular
breeding mode of the Diadectomorphs cannot be assigned with confidence. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What is more apparent about the lifestyle of Diadectomorphs
is that they seem well-adapted for life in the terrestrial realm. The pectoral
girdles and limbs in all diadectomorphs were powerful and robust, indeed the
arms and hands were so robust that Cope and Case both once suggested a
fossorial habit- although the latter later retracted this view in light of the
absence of claws and the short length and oreintation of the arms that would
have prevented the animal reaching anterior to the head (Case, 1907; Case &
Williston, 1913), and ultimately morphological and ichnological evidence has
led to the firm acceptance of a terrestrial habit for these animals. They were
also some of the first terrestrial animals to develop large body size, with <i>Diadectes</i> reaching lengths of up to 3m.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Of course what we are all really here for when it comes to
the functional anatomy and evolution of Diadectomorphs is that related to
feeding. The easiest way to consider this and other points of ecological and
anatomical interest is probably to look through them all in phylogenetic order. The precise relationships of the three main families of diadectomorphs (the monogeneric Limnoscelidae and Tseajaiidae and the much more diverse Diadectidae) have shuffled around somewhat with both <i>Limnoscelis</i> and <i>Tseajaia</i> having taken turns as the sister group to Diadectidae. Herein I follow the topologies of Berman <i>et al. </i>(1992) and Kissel (2010) whom placed <i>Limnoscelis</i> as the basalmost diadectomorph, forming the sister group to [<i>Tseajaia</i>+Diadectidae] (figure 2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At the base: <i>Limnoscelis </i>and <i>Tseajaia<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Figure 4: </b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Representatives of the three families of</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diadectomorphs. a) <i>Limnoscelis</i>. b) The skull of <i>Tseajaia</i> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">in lateral (left) and dorsal (right) views, from Kissel </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(2010), after Moss (1972). c) Life reconstruction of </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Diadectes</i>. a)and c) <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">both by </span>Dmitry Bogdanov, re-used </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">from wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3.0 unported licence. Incidentally, do you know why <i><br />Diadectes</i> is like camping? Because it is in-tents. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Limnoscelis </i>is known from the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian of
New Mexico, Colarado, West Virginia and Nova Scotia. Whilst small for a
diadectomorph, it was still decently sized at about 1.5m in length. It was
clearly carnivorous/piscivorous in habit, with long, rather narrow jaws armed
with stout conical teeth, with the anterior 3 tooth pairs in the upper and
lower jaws greatly enlarged for seizing prey. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <i>Tseajaia</i>, known from the Early
Permian of North America, was only about 1m in length, and was rather pleasingly intermediate between <i>Limnoscelis</i> and
the Diadectidae. <i>Tseajaia</i> also shows
conical teeth, but are blunter and are reduced in size relative to those of <i>Limnoscelis</i>, and, in common with
diadectids, carried an increased number of smaller teeth in the medial
toothrows of the pterygoid. This blunter dentition has led to <i>Tseajaia</i> being sometimes considered herbivorous,
but the lack of specialized teeth and the slender abdominal cavity imply that a less specialized, omnivorous, diet is more likely.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Diadectidae- no longer cretins</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Diadectidae comprises a
notable radiation of late Palaeozoic tetrapods known from North America and
Germany, of around a dozen species, although such a count is difficult as their
taxonomy is problematic. Even <i>Diadectes </i>itself
is noxious in its nomenclature- Othniel Charles Marsh in fact named material
now referred to <i>Diadectes</i> as <i>Nothodon</i> five months before Cope
described <i>Diadectes</i> in 1878. However, when
the two were later synonymized <i>Diadectes</i>
was treated as the senior synonym in error, an error which has been carried forward.
Like many creatures of such taxonomic pedigree, a large number of species of <i>Diadectes </i>have been proposed, and with
a large number of genera (e.g. <i>Nothodon</i>, <i>Bolbodon</i>, <i>Diadectoides, Animasaurus, Empedocles, Helodectes, Empedias, Chilonyx</i>) now currently assigned to <i>Diadectes</i>. This does unfortunately mean that the fantastically named <i>Diadectoides cretin</i> is no longer valid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The most recent revision of the genus was by Kissel in
2010, associated with his phylogenetic analysis of the clade. He found <i>Diadectes</i> to be paraphyletic, with <i>D. sanmiguelensis </i>and the german <i>D. absitus</i> falling out as more basal
than the other <i>Diadectes</i> species, and
with <i>Diasparactus zenos</i>, an interesting
species courtesy of its tall neural spines, being resolved as a species within <i>Diadectes</i>. Kissel hence assigned <i>“D.” sanmiguelensis</i> to the the new genus
<i>Oradectes</i> and <i>“D.” absitus</i> to another new genus, <i>Silvadectes</i>, and treated <i>Diasparactus</i>
as a junior synonym of <i>Diadectes</i>.
However, as these reassignments occurred within an unpublished thesis as
opposed to a published paper, it renders the genera “<i>Oradectes”</i> and “<i>Silvadectes”</i>
technically invaid. Yeesh. Kissel (2010)
considered in total there to be five provisionally valid species of <i>Diadectes</i> (including <i>“De.” zenos</i>), but that two of them (<i>lentus</i> and <i>carinatus</i>) remained somewhat dubious and poorly-defined, leaving <i>sideropelicus</i> (the type species), <i>tenuitectes</i> and the aforementioned <i>zenos</i> as the only reliable species of <i>Diadectes</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aside from the well-known <i>Diadectes</i> other diadectids known from
North America include the two species of <i>Desmatodon</i>
from New Mexico and Colorado, and <i>Ambedus</i>
from Ohio. Although it is known from a few cranial elements <i>Ambedus</i>, as well shall see, is
interesting in the scope of diadectid evolution, and was also rather
dimunitive, with an adult dentary about a quarter of the size of that of a <i>Diadectes</i> (Kissel & Reisz, 2004;
Kissel, 2010). For its part, <i>Desmatodon</i>,
being Kasomovian (~299-304Ma) is the oldest diadectid known from described body
fossils. Finally from the USA, an as yet unnamed and poorly-known diadectid
from Oklahoma was described by Reisz & Sutherland (2001).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">German diadectids are principally
represented by <i>Orobates pabsti</i> and “<i>Silvadectes”</i> <i>absitus</i>. These two taxa were coeval; and indeed trackways from the
site can be matched to either genus on the basis of their differing limb and
body morphology- <i>Orobates</i>, with its
shorter legs, low-slung, elongated body and longer tail leaves a prominent tail-drag
whereas the more typically diadectid stumpy-tailed “<i>Silvadectes” </i>does not (Voigt <i>et
al</i>., 2007). Two other, poorly known and more dubious, genera are known from
Germany- <i>Phanerosaurus</i> and <i>Stephanospondylus</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The great success of Diadectidae, then, represent a
notable radiation of late Palaeozoic tetrapods, a radiation associated with the
development of a suite of characters allowing these animals to process
high-fibre vegetation. These are both postcranial- the diadectids demonstrate
greater body size and expanded, bulky body cavities to house the expanded
digestive tracts required for processing high-fibre material. Presumably they employed
microbial fermentation- the diverse range of extant organisms which can be
observed to do so (e.g. minnows, tadpoles, terrapins & tortoises, multiple
times independently within lizards, in ratities, game birds, hoatzins,
marsupials, afrotheres, perissodactyls, artiodactyls, rodents, primates etc
vastly outnumbering those whom do not employ microbial fermentation- pretty
much just pandas and geese) imply that it can be generally inferred to have
been present in extinct herbivores. Scenarios as to the original development of
a symbiotic gut microflora usually involve the ingestion of leaf-litter, and
the accompanying microbe load, in a detritivorous ancestor (Hotton <i>et al</i>., 1997), or from insectivorous
ancestors eating herbivorous arthropods with their own microflora (Sues &
Reisz, 1998). The most likely source of inoculation for young diadectids would
have been the ingestion of the faeces of adults. This implies that infants
would likely have lived alongside adults- and so providing some (albeit fairly
weak) support to diadectids laying amniotic eggs as opposed to having had a
tadpole stage (Modesto, 1992).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Most of the preservable evidence of the evolution of
herbivory in diadectids refers to the stepwise addition and elaboration of
various characters of the skull. <i>Ambedus</i>,
resolved as the most basal diadectid in the phylogeny of Kissel (2010) (figure 5) shows a heterodont dentition, clearly adapted for
processing fibrous plant material. It displays stout and conical front teeth,
much like those of <i>Limnoscelis</i> and <i>Tseajaia</i>, but the cheek teeth are
transversely expanded, with a central cusp then flanked by rounded labial and
lingual “shoulders”, forming a molariform crushing/grinding surface. These
teeth display heavy wear, indicating that they were utilized in processing
tough plant matter. <i>Ambedus</i> remains primitive in other ways though; the conical
anterior teeth are relatively unspecialized for cropping and the jaw was
shallow, like that of more basal diadectomorphs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Figure 5:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Phylogeny of the diadectomorphs of Kissel (2010), with cranial characters associated with herbivory </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">acquired at each node indicated. Taxa erected by Kissel (2010) in inverted commas for reasons discussed in the text. Skulls of representative taxa pictured, from left </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">to right: </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Limnoscelis</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Tseajaia</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">"Oradectes", Orobates, "Silvadectes" </i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">and </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diadectes</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">. Skull diagrams also from Kissel (2010). Note the overall trend towards a boxier skull, with greater room for adductor muscles, an abbreviated snout, more procumbent, incisorform dentition, reduction of the palatal dentition and elaboration of molariform cheek-teeth, all associated with the need of a powerful, crushing bite and greater oral processing potential, specializations towards herbivory. Click to enlarge.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diadectids more derived than </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ambedus</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> show further adaptations related to herbivory, with a
deepening of the roots of the marginal teeth and development of a labial parapet on the
dentary which may have possibly supported a beak (Welles, 1941) or, more
likely, would have occluded against the labial surface of the upper cheek teeth
(Berman </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">et al</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">., 1998; Kissel, 2010). Most notably,
they demonstrate greater specialization of the anterior teeth, which are
procumbent and incisorform, and occluded together, and would have been used to
nip off and crop vegetation which could then be processed by the cheek teeth.
Potential other synapomorphies of this node (rendered uncertain due to the lack
of relevant material being preserved in </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ambedus</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">)
include a broadening of the skull and snout, and a deepening of the adductor
chamber, providing room for powerful jaw muscles (Kissel, 2010) reflective of the skull becoming more robust and capable
of delivering a powerful crushing bite.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More derived nodes up through the Diadectidae acquire
further characters associated with herbivory, including the development of a
parapet on the palate for the lower teeth to occlude against, reduction of the palatal dentition and modifications to the
jaw joint making for/aft movements of the lower jaw possible (Kissel, 2010). <i>Diadectes</i> itself, the most derived
diadectid, shows a deep, powerful jaw, with the jaw joint set well below the
level of the toothrow- permitting both an even bite across the whole toothrow
but also leading to an increase in mechanical advantage (figure 6). It also further elaborated the grinding cheek
teeth, with the central cusp now flanked on each side by an accessory cusp.</span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Figure 6: </b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Jaws of </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Limnoscelis</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> (top) and </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diadectes</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> (bottom), demonstraing the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">changes in shape observed through the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diadectomorpha. Note the much deeper, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">more robust, jaw of </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diadectes</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, and also </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">the offset of the jaw articulation ventral </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">to the toothrow. This has two advnatages: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">first, it allows the entire toothrow to be </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">brought into occlusion more or less </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">continuously, and also increases the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">distance from the adductor muscle </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">attachment to the jaw joint (the inlever, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">in green) and so the mechanical advantage </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(the ratio between the inlever and the outlever, the distance from the jaw joint to the bite point, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">in red) of the jaw. This increases the power of </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">the bite, at the expense of speed, and is a </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">feature often seen in herbivores which require </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">powerful but even crushing bites, and for </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">which snapping speed is unimportant.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What can be seen through the Diadectidae, then, are
prominent trends leading to more complex grinding dentitions featuring
procumbent anterior teeth and closely-packed cheek-teeth with well-developed
wear facets, greater jaw mobility, and a more robust, stouter skull with a
shorter, broader snout, reflecting a trend towards a more powerful and
sustained bite and more sophisticated oral processing, all essential to
herbivory. It is worth bearing in mind at this point that very few herbivores
actually ingest only plants and that the functional and dietary analogy of
early tetrapods to extant taxa can be uncertain (Sues & Reisz, 1998). Hence
the greater specialization towards herbivory in the lineage might corroborate
with the declining importance of animal matter in the diet of a more accurately
omnivorous group. But what is clear is that the diadectids were probably the
first tetrapods to take advantage of high-fibre plant matter as a source of
nutrition, with this occupation of a new niche fueling a modest radiation of
the clade from the Late Carboniferous into the early Permian.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdv7s5pIexKw2M42gZwhM3OAeAnwvhKkJIhobxvRBrJH0T7M_HkMedL-LOsqSgvo0rqFhZi9ZjBONIkjnW7j9bBe9EdPa82Vlw0JYQzqi1uahgvtG3ztDtF8sv-iCZFMZZjltMK2S9pRTR/s1600/Orobates.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdv7s5pIexKw2M42gZwhM3OAeAnwvhKkJIhobxvRBrJH0T7M_HkMedL-LOsqSgvo0rqFhZi9ZjBONIkjnW7j9bBe9EdPa82Vlw0JYQzqi1uahgvtG3ztDtF8sv-iCZFMZZjltMK2S9pRTR/s320/Orobates.JPG" width="262" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Figure 7: </b>German diadectids, demonstrating<br />some of the (albeit limited) variance in diadectid<br />body shape and their locomotory style. a) Photo<br />of German diadectids at the Carnegie Museum of<br />Natural History, with the nearly complete<br />skeletons of <i>Orobates</i> at the centre top and <br />"<i>Silvadectes</i>" at the lower right. b) Skeletal <br />diagrams of "<i>Silvadectes</i>" (left) and<br /><i>Orobates </i>(right) from Voigt <i>et al</i>. (2007). Scale<br />bar = 10cm. Note the more elongate body, longer<br />tail and shorter limbs of <i>Orobates</i>, causing it to<br />leave a tail drag, unlike <i>Silvadectes</i>. Also note <br />the bulkier body of <i>Silvadectes</i>, providing more<br />room for buliker guts. Also note how the flexible<br />ankles permit the feet to remain pointing forwards<br />even when the leg is swung far forwards, resulting<br />in placement of the pes near the midline even <br />though the animal moved with a sprawling gait. <br />Click to enlarge.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As well as feeding adaptations, the diadectids also show numerous
further specializations towards terrestrial locomotion, which converged
somewhat upon many of the features developed within amniotes. In particular,
they developed an ossified “astralagus” which, in an interesting case of
convergence, although considered to have been developmentally identical to that
of the amniote astralagus, formed from the fusion of the same tarsal bones, is
absent in <i>Limnoscelis</i> and <i>Tseajaia</i>, so that it is not homologus
with the astralagus of amniotes (Berman & Henrici, 2003). The diadectids
reduced/unossified many of the other tarsal bones, resulting in an extremely
flexible ankle joint, reminiscent of that seen in lizards (Berman &
Henrici, 2003). This would have allowed the foot to maintain an
anteriorly-pointing direction throughout the powerstroke, maximising the force
achieved from pushing off the substrate and minimizing lateral slipping of the
foot during locomotion and also would have provided the flexibility necessary
to swing the hindlimbs far forward, bringing the feet in towards the midline
(Berman & Henrici, 2003; Voigt <i>et al</i>.,
2007). Critically, this shows how the diadectids, with their sprawling gait,
would have been able to produce some of the narrow trackways observed from the
Permian (Berman & Henrici, 2003) without the ability to adopt a semi-erect stance as is sometimes
claimed (figure 7). Diadectids, like most other early
Palaeozoic tetrapods, were constrained to a sprawling stance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This robusticity also allowed the diadectids to achieve
large body sizes, which not only allowed room for a large gut but also would
have afforded them some protection against the rapacious carnivorous
pelycosaurs which lived alongside them in the early Permian. Case (1907) described
overlapping plates overlaying the anterior five dorsal ribs from two specimens
of </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diadectes</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, and extrapolated from
them a turtle-like armour of plates (fitting in with ideas at the time that the
two clades might be related) (figure 8). However, no diadectid skeleton has provided any
evidence of any additional armoured plates, with most showing none at all, and
the highly restricted series, laying under the scapula, as seen in </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diadectes</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> would not have afforded much
protection. Instead, it seems that their size and strength would have been
their only real defences.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In summary, these animals can be seen as filling, indeed </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">creating</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, the niche of medium-large
sized generalized terrestrial herbivores, cropping plant matter with their
procumbent incisorform front teeth and crushing it between the molariform
cheek-teeth. Jaw motions were mainly orthal, but toothwear striations indicate
a degree of propaliny (for-aft movements), with the lower jaw slid backward at occlusion for finer
crushing of vegetation (Olsen </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">et al</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.,
1991; Hotton </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">et al</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">., 1997; Reisz
& Sues, 2000). Somewhat more refined and sophisticated than you expected from
them, no? Whilst they were soon joined in this niche in the late Carboniferous
and early Permian by the edaphosaurs the diadectids remained the dominant
terrestrial herbivores for over 15 million years until their extinction towards
the end of the early Permian, after which their role was taken over by the
synapsid caseids.</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO3rnd-K3mt4YYxSJm7zQDI4wnOlh6vUN53mUJiWNnmnizrd2IewHYXbJ_fCrKSp00etmkyXuqAg6u-dQ8mS_l4mg4E_b9q41J-_38pOCaRbTnB1vSVH6bcaHkaHQSgXHraYU6rQCmWTZJ/s1600/Diadectes_phaseolinus.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO3rnd-K3mt4YYxSJm7zQDI4wnOlh6vUN53mUJiWNnmnizrd2IewHYXbJ_fCrKSp00etmkyXuqAg6u-dQ8mS_l4mg4E_b9q41J-_38pOCaRbTnB1vSVH6bcaHkaHQSgXHraYU6rQCmWTZJ/s400/Diadectes_phaseolinus.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Figure 8:</b> Skeleton of <i>Diadectes</i> <i>sideropelicus</i> (formerly assigned to <i>D. "phaseolinus"</i>) at the AMNH. Note the plates overlying the ribs that be just seen anterodorsal to the scapula. These were used by Case (1907) to suggest a turtle-like armour, but no such additional plates have been found and so there is no reason to think of diadectids as armoured. I primarily just wanted an excuse to put in another photo of <i>Diadectes</i>. Photo from wikipedia, taken by Ghedoghedo, placed in the public domain.</span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The diadectomorphs, despite apparently not being
household names in most houses, are one of the most </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">significant and important
clades of Palaeozoic tetrapods. </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And
I for one grant them the accolades they deserve for their bravery as ecological
pioneers. We’ll be heading on now to some of the upstarts who began to follow
this grand example. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">As to whom, I’m not sure yet, I'll be following a phylogenetic as opposed to temporal track down this path, and so now we reach the dichotomy of whether we are to head down the sauropsid or synapsid side of the amniotes
first. Hm, next onto sauropsids or synapsids? YOU DECIDE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (by which I mean leave a comment if you have particularly strong feelings about this).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">I have always really liked <i>Diadectes</i>, it has been one of my favourites since I was but a slip of a lad. I hope that came across.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"><b>References</b></span></div>
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David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-62052077025777312822013-01-06T19:48:00.000+00:002013-01-06T19:48:04.336+00:00The Jarman-Bell Principle, its position in palaeo and a couple o' papers<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Apologies for my apparent leave of absence lately, I am afraid a wealth of things always seem to pull me away from my bloggings. To this end, I thought it would be best to move on from my previous stuff on rounding-up SVP as you will no doubt have caught up on all that already. Instead I have decided to deliver upon a long promised post on the Jarman-Bell Principle, which is also of relevance to two recent papers, which I fear has been so long in the making that it has expanded out into less of a post, and more of a (rather lengthy) essay, but I can't really find a justifiable way to split it up into multiple posts. So, I dunno, maybe you'll want to get some tea and a biscuit first.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Anyway, </span><span style="font-size: small;">two recent papers have bought up an issue I have been wanting to talk about for a
while, and in the context of dinosaurs, too! The first by <a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1751/20122526.full?sid=c731292b-d430-46b5-8dd4-d124249471cd">Zanno and Makovickyin Proceedings of the Royal Society B</a>, looks at size change in three
herbivorous theropod lineages, the Oviraptorosauria, Ornithomimosauria and the
Therizinosauria. In brief, they found that whilst each lineage does exhibit
gigantism, evolutionary size increase is passive, rather than directional. This
is interesting, as a directional increase in body size was perhaps expected,
due to a general notion that a herbivorous diet may drive body mass increase,
owing accompanying increased digestive efficiency. This also comes into the
second, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0051925">O’Gorman and Hone in PLoS One</a>, who looked into body size distributions
between dinosaurs and other animals. They show some interesting examples of the
uniqueness of dinosaurs with respect to size- that they show a negative skew in
their size distributions as opposed to the positive skew seen in all other
vertebrate groups, with the occupation of various niches by the same taxon
through ontogeny probably responsible for this. However, ornithischians and
sauropodomorphs also showed size distributions even more notably skewed towards
larger size than the theropods, and this is also considered to be, in part, due
to a driver for increased digestive efficiency in the former entirely
herbivorous clades.
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Increased body mass leading to greater digestive efficiency
of herbivores is an important ecological concept which<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>is known
as “The Jarman-Bell Principle”. Whilst
not the only “rule” of relevance here, I thought this a good opportunity to
look deeper into the relationship between the diet of herbivores and body size as
part of something of a “herbivory 101” before we soon voyage into the
fun-filled world of tetrapod herbivores themselves. Sorry “Cope’s Rule”, I
guess we’ll have to look at you some other time.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">A caveat before we start that will see ongoing discussion:
most of the work on the Jarman-Bell principle, as you will see below, has been
conducted in extant mammals- they are the herbivores we know best. However,
there appears to be great similarity in the way digestively relevant metrics
vary with body mass, at least betwixt mammals and reptiles (Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011a,b). Still, it is worth
bearing in mind that certain issues may apply differently to dinosaurs.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbbQIBdD7KTc5yD21jBEJpDeaI2f1TaTJfmlai5lPK7Fmo_MQVWzBvcuxOHi3BIx2MKYIliijdPo7TZt-GeSFvGBY-BaW3jYOmX-Zpe6S4_tscbmYYyhVkjbSGh61x7ZjZYoKYweqr2KZ_/s1600/ungulates.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="345" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbbQIBdD7KTc5yD21jBEJpDeaI2f1TaTJfmlai5lPK7Fmo_MQVWzBvcuxOHi3BIx2MKYIliijdPo7TZt-GeSFvGBY-BaW3jYOmX-Zpe6S4_tscbmYYyhVkjbSGh61x7ZjZYoKYweqr2KZ_/s400/ungulates.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Fi<span style="font-size: x-small;">gure 1:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> A se<span style="font-size: x-small;">lection of African ungulates<span style="font-size: x-small;">, <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">perhaps the best <span style="font-size: x-small;">modern example of <span style="font-size: x-small;">how high diver<span style="font-size: x-small;">sities<span style="font-size: x-small;"> of herbivores are facili<span style="font-size: x-small;">tated by niche partitioning through dietary choice. <span style="font-size: x-small;">A<span style="font-size: x-small;">n inverse relationship exists between body size and diet quality, with small herbivo<span style="font-size: x-small;">res such as <span style="font-size: x-small;">dik-dik (top left) selecting <span style="font-size: x-small;">sparsely distributed, highly <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">nutritious</span> foodstuffs </span>such as shoots, fruits and leaves. Medium-large <span style="font-size: x-small;">herbivores, from <span style="font-size: x-small;">Thompson's gazelles<span style="font-size: x-small;"> (top right up to larger animals like hartebeest (bottom right) are <span style="font-size: x-small;">successively</span> less selective grazers, but still select fresh growth. <span style="font-size: x-small;">Very large herbivores, such as buffalo (bottom right), with high food needs <span style="font-size: x-small;">have to feed generally upon <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">abundant</span>, but low-quality, h<span style="font-size: x-small;">igh
fibre, structural tissues (mostly grass stems and leaves). This
partitioning is impacted by numerous factors, from raw intake needs, the
inverse relationship of food quality and abundance, food choice,
foraging behaviour and strategy, snout width etc<span style="font-size: x-small;">. The Ja<span style="font-size: x-small;">rman<span style="font-size: x-small;">-Bell principle, based on this observation of declining diet quality with body s<span style="font-size: x-small;">ize, includes body mass as another specialization towards diet<span style="font-size: x-small;">,
through its postulated link with digestive efficiency. Photos from
wikipedia, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0 license.<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Photos by, in order, Yathin Krishnappa, Nevit Dilman, D. Gordon & E. Robertson, and Haplochromis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The logic of the
Jarman-Bell Principle</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The driving force here is the intrinsic difficulty in
digesting vegetable matter (unless you happen to be an arthropod), as tetrapods
cannot directly access the majority of energy locked within plants tissues as
they are unable to produce the enzymes required to break down cellulose. Since
reliance on only the readily-digestible fraction of plants is seldom a realistic
option (pandas and geese notwithstanding) the majority of herbivores instead
employ symbiotic gut microflora (and fauna- although bacteria dominate, fungi
and even protists are also utilized [Hummel & Clauss, 2011]) to break down
cellulose, which requires lengthy fermentation, making voluminous fermentation
chambers within the gastrointestinal tract an absolute necessity. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Jarman-Bell Principle is owed to independent
observations made by Jarman (1968, 1974) and Bell (1969, 1971) (and after whom
it was then named by Geist, 1974) based upon observations made upon African
ungulates. The general principle is that larger herbivores
can tolerate foodstuffs of lesser quality than smaller herbivores due to
increased digestive efficiency in the former (figure 1). But why should relative digestive
efficiency be related to body size? </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Well, increases in body size confer a number of energetic
advantages, most notably that the decreasing surface area:volume ratio of
larger organisms results in lesser heat losses (so that very large organisms
can maintain a nearly constant body temperature merely by virtue of their bulk;
that is, they exhibit gigantothermy). Such
savings are the primary reason that specific metabolic rate decreases with
increasing body mass (BM) (as we have seen before) with the relationship
generally according to Kleiber’s Law of BM<sup>0.75</sup>* (although certain
taxa may deviate strongly from this relationship [McNab, 2002]). Presumably,
then, as energy needs should scale linearly with basal metabolic, food intake
should also scale according to BM<sup>0.75</sup>, and indeed absolute dry matter
intake in mammalian herbivores has been observed in the range of about BM<sup>0.71-0.84</sup>
(Evans & Miller, 1968; Bourliére, 1975; Farlow, 1976; Foose, 1982;
Kirkwood, 1983; Shipley <i>et al</i>.,
1994), BM<sup>0.72</sup> in herbivorous birds (Farlow, 1976; Kirkwood, 1983)
and BM<sup>0.76</sup> in reptilian herbivores (Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011a). </span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8606881464457858450" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">[*Ok, this is not all quite true- as I am certain many of
you will have already noted, if savings in heat loss due to decreasing surface area:
volume ratio at increasing body mass are primarily accountable for the resting
basal metabolic rate of animals then geometrically this exponent should be
closer to <sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub>. Indeed White & Seymour [2005]
demonstrated that the true exponent is around 0.68-0.69, with the original
calculation of 0.75 the result of a skew caused by large herbivores in the
dataset, as readings of their metabolic rate necessarily include that of their
symbiotic microflora also. Still, given that we here are interested in
digestive physiology and food intake in such herbivores it is obvious that we
need to account for their microbial cargo and so 0.75 is a more relevant
coefficient for us to consider (Clauss <i>et
al</i>., 2007), at least when looking at
necessary food intake versus body mass.]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Figure 2:</b> A schematic
by Hummel & Clauss (2011)<br />
illustrating the advantages referred to by the <br />
Jarman-Bell Principle. The top represents an animal<br />
whose gut is filled by its daily intake, resulting in a<br />
retention time of 24 hours before it is pushed out <br />
by the next day's intake. The middle sees an animal<br />
of double the mass. Gut volume scales linearly with <br />
mass so as mass increases by a factor of 2 it does <br />
also, but intake scales only to 2<sup>0.75</sup>=1.68. This <br />
increase of gut capacity relative to intake means <br />
that not all of the previous days’ food will be pushed <br />
out of the gut, meaning a longer retention, and so <br />
fermentation, time of said food. As body mass further <br />
increases (bottom) the gut volume further increases <br />
relative to intake, leading to longer retention times.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gut volume, in contrast, remains about a constant fraction
of body mass as it increases (Parra, 1978; Demment & Van Soest, 1975) (that
is to say, it scales according to BM<sup>1</sup>). As a result, as body mass
increases, the volume of the gastrointestinal tract increases relative to
absolute intake requirements. What seems immediately intuitive from this is
that a relatively larger digestive tract should then lead to a longer retention
time within the gut of ingested material, in turn allowing more thorough fermentation
of plant material and increased digestive efficiency (Jarman, 1968, 1974; Bell,
1969, 1971; Demment & Van Soest, 1985) (figure 2). Longer retention times permitting
greater digestion of plant matter is both intuitive and evident- for example,
non-chewing reptiles are able to generate similar digestive efficiencies to
chewing mammals through the use of longer retention times, usually about 1.6
times longer (Bjorndal, 1997; Franz <i>et al</i>.,
2011a). Appropriately, it at least grossly appears that retention time scaled
according to about BM<sup>0.25</sup> (Illius & Gordon, 1992), but as we
shall see, this is not entirely the case.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">To summarise, and as can be seen in modern herbivores
(especially the ungulate communities of Africa from which Jarman and Bell
originally deduced this relationship), smaller herbivores, with their higher
mass-specific metabolic rates and lower gut capacities, must feed more
selectively upon energy-rich foods, such as shoots, seeds and fruits (Jarman,
1974; Demment & Van Soest, 1985). Conversely, the lower mass-specific
metabolic rates of larger herbivores allow for increased retention (and so
fermentation) time of plant material, allowing them to subsist either upon
poorer-quality fodder, or, alternatively, lesser amounts of equal-quality
fodder relative to body mass, or some combination of the two (Owen-Smith, 1988;
Van Soest, 1996) (although note that, practically, very large herbivores, say
>300kg, can seldom afford the selectivity to choose high-energy fodder
(Jarman & Sinclair, 1979; Peters, 1983; Wing & Tiffney, 1987), instead
depending upon the thorough fermentation of more abundant low-energy, high
fibre, structural tissues). Such a
digestive advantage would seem to one of the factors leading to the general
larger size of specialized herbivores than other animals, and seem an obvious
potential driver that might lead us to expect to see trends of size increase in
herbivorous lineages. However,
unfortunately, all is not so simple.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Digestive
disadvantages of large body size</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The simple logic of the above
would imply that large animals always show greater digestive efficiencies, but
everything is not so one-sided. Theoretical disadvantages accompany a larger
gut also, as listed by Clauss & Hummel (2005). A prominent one concerns the
absorptive surface area of the gut- as gut capacity enlarges in larger animals
it does so not just through elongation of the gastrointestinal tract, but also
through an increase in diameter. Hence, the same scaling that we looked at
above indicates that the larger guts of these larger animals will have a
smaller relative surface area than a smaller animal (indeed, studies measuring
the surface area of the small intestine actually scales closer to BM<sup>0.75</sup>
–that is, to the metabolic rate, than to BM<sup>1</sup> as the gut volume
does). This can be problematic owing to presumed impairment of absorption rates
(evidence of increasing glucose absorption in rats, dogs and humans with
increasing body mass [Pappenheimer, 1998] notwithstanding- and of dubious
relevance), and indeed this slower rate of the absorption has been figured in
the reason why smaller animals of similar retention times show much lesser losses
to methogenic bacteria than larger ones (<a href="http://evopalaeo.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/hypothetical-sauropod-flatulence-little.html">as we saw before</a>). However, a variety
of morphological adaptations- including papillae in the gastrointestinal tract,
the powerful churning of the forestomach in ruminants (Clauss & Hummel,
2005), and the increased wet matter proportion and fluid flow in the guts of
larger animals (Lentle <i>et al</i>., 2006)
may mitigate these diffusive difficulties. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Perhaps more significant is the relationship of ingesta
particle size, important as not only do smaller particles have larger surface
areas open to enzymatic attack, but also (again, apart from in ruminants where
the forestomach selectively retains larger particles) larger particles are also
expelled more quickly from the gut (Clauss & Hummel, 2005), and so are
subjected to lesser fermentation time. Ingesta particle size is correlated with
body size- intuitively it is obvious that mice will chew their food into far
smaller particles than will, say, a hippopotamus. Or an indricothere. Even
ruminants, which are known for their remarkable powers of commination, show
decrease in chewing efficiency with size (Clauss & Hummel, 2005). The
veracity of this observation has been demonstrated through empirical work on
digestive efficiency of different animals which would otherwise be hard to
explain.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Do larger animals
actually demonstrate higher digestive efficiencies?</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Clauss <i>et al</i>.
(2005) found that horses and Indian Rhinoceroses, on being fed a similar diet,
showed the expected results of longer retention times in the larger rhino, but
nevertheless demonstrated <i>very similar
digestive coefficients </i>(that is, the proportion of the matter in the
intestinal tract that is actually digested), which they attributed to this
effect of larger ingesta particle size in larger animals, later finding the
same signal prevalent amongst herbivorous mammals (Clauss <i>et al</i>., 2009). In this manner, the larger body size and longer
retention time of the larger animal can almost be seen as compensating for the
necessities of larger ingesta particle size, a bit like how reptilian
herbivores achieve similar digestive coefficients to herbivorous mammals
through compensating for the lack of mastication through extended retention
times (Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011a). This
effect has been viewed in non-chewing reptiles also- Bjorndal & Bolten
(1992) found that juvenile turtles achieved identical digestive coefficients to
larger adults due to the fact that they took smaller bites, and Fritz <i>et al</i>. (2010) found that ingesta
particle size increased with body mass in herbivorous tortoises and lizards. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Looking more closely at the relative digestibility of the
same fodder by hindgut fermenting animals of differing body sizes when fed on
identical diets (e.g. Slade & Hintz [1969] on guinea pigs, rabbits and
horses, Wolter <i>et al</i>. [1980]
comparing rabbits and horses and Bjorndal & Bolten [1992] between the
different sized turtles) reveals some even more interesting trends. Whilst in
each case larger animals were markedly (dramatically so in the case of the
horse vs the others) better at digesting cellulose, in each case the <i>overall dry matter digestibility remained
about constant with body size</i>. Similarly, Müller <i>et al</i>. (2013) demonstrated that even <i>retention time</i> shows no significant effect on overall
digestibility, with it instead presumed, in accordance with the above studies,
that increased retention time serves primarily to increase the digestibility of
fibre (Müller <i>et al</i>. [2013] did not
collect separate data on the digestibility of different dietary fractions).
These experiments are of course conducted upon animals fed identical diets to
omit as many variables as possible, but it is worth bearing in mind that this
means that they will not reflect potential compensatory measures of increased
relative intake rates associated with decreasing diet quality.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This leaves us to assume that the smaller animals are far
more efficient at digesting the remaining easily accessible fraction- which
makes sense given what we have just said about them chewing their food down to
sizes more suitable for efficient enzymatic digestion and having larger gut
surface areas. Alternatively/additionally, the apparent losses from the larger
herbivores may be owed to bacterial losses through the faeces, which become
more important in the greater bacterial fermentation of larger herbivores
(Clauss & Hummel, 2005). Also note that smaller hindgut fermenting
herbivores will often recover these through coprophagy (eating faeces- which
also can really complicate fair comparison between these various experiments). </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In contrast, bacterial losses in foregut fermenters are
minimal, as the position of the fermentation chamber means that bacteria that
are washed-through are subjected to enzymatic digestion rather than being lost
in the faeces. Accordingly, similar studies on ruminants show no such paradox
as in the hindgut fermenters above, with overall digestibility tracking
cellulose digestibility, (Clauss & Hummel, 2005), and not varying according
to body size (Pérez-Barbería <i>et al</i>.,
2004). [This shouldn’t come as too much of a surprise, ruminants are consummate
professionals at what they do, and what they do is digest fibrous plant
material with unparalleled thoroughness. Ok, foregut fermenting in general,
even when combined with rumination, has certain downsides as we shall come to
in time, but the way they minimize losses through all but farming their
bacterial symbionts leads me to classify them as some of the most magnificent
bastards in all of nature).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">All this led Clauss & Hummel (2005), in their review of
the Jarman-Bell Principle, to suggest that larger body size in herbivores is
less about overall efficiency or aptitude as a herbivore, but more represents a
“shift in digestive priorities”. Large herbivores pursue a distinct niche of
utilizing the high-fibre content of low-quality fodder more effectively,
whereas smaller herbivores boast some advantages when it comes to utilizing the
more readily digestible component of higher-quality fodder, at least amongst
hindgut fermenting animals. You might already be thinking about what this diet
specialization component might mean about what we may or may not expect to see
in the fossil record, but we need to consider a final couple of points. That
is, although we have wrung much mileage from the uniform application of
relatively simple concepts thus far, to what extent do retention time and basal
metabolic rate actually vary with body mass?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Exceptions that
disprove the rule. Which is of course all they can do. Exceptions can never
prove a rule. I hate that phrase.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Whilst metabolic rate in mammals is largely determined by
heat loss (Glazier, 2005), and hence is the relationship between body mass and
metabolic rate as observed in mammals of BM<sup>0.75</sup> is significant,
individual taxa may still deviate strongly from this overall trend (McNab,
2002)- for example sloths and koalas infamously have very low metabolic rates
in spite of their small body size (as do pretty much all nonruminant foregut
fermenters [McNab, 2002; Clauss <i>et al</i>.,
2007]- that also including kangaroos, hippos, colobine monkeys etc). </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mean retention time of ingested matter is even more variable
with respect to body size. For example, elephants are very well known as opting
for a high-intake, low digestibility strategy and accordingly an elephant will show
shorter retention times than a black rhinoceros half its size. More
interestingly, the 1400kg rhinoceros still shows a shorter particle retention
time than a 90kg orang-utan, which in turn does so with respect to a 30kg
wombat, which itself then still shows a shorter mean particle retention time
than a 7kg koala (Clauss <i>et al</i>.,
2007). Indeed, retention time is extremely variable amongst even mammals alone,
with a variety of morphological and physiological adaptations, gut capacity and
particle size and dietary choice effects influencing ingesta passage beyond
just the overall gut volume. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This all caused Clauss <i>et
al</i>. (2007) to look again at the potential of allometry of mean retention
time with body size- critically, including data from many more small herbivores
than previous efforts, and found an overall coefficient of BM<sup>0.14</sup>,
significantly less than the calculated 0.25. Shockingly, if herbivores were
split up according to digestive morphology and physiology into nonruminant
foregut fermenters, ruminants, colonic hindgut fermenters and caecal hindgut
fermenters (rodents and lagomorphs, which often also perform coprophagy and
include the smallest herbivorous mammals) only the last of these saw a
significant correlation of body mass and mean retention time of BM<sup>0.24</sup>,
whereas the others showed much lower exponents of BM<sup>0.04-0.08</sup> that
were not statistically significant. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This then is more informative as to the lower end of size in
herbivores than the upper; the strong relationship between body mass and
retention time suggests that even with coprophagy permitting longer retention
times through cycling, it still results in a lower limit to herbivore body size
(the few mammalian herbivores under 100g are generally considered only able to
do so through grainivory, seeds being highly nutritious). It also seems that
above a mass of about 500g-1kg, below which mammals are tied to a caecal
fermenting coprophagous habit, there is “no substantial general relationship”
between mass and retention time (Clauss <i>et
al</i>., 2007), but instead great variability. Indeed, the clear outliers in
terms of the largest gut capacity, retention times and lowest metabolic rates
were found not in the largest animals, but in koalas, sloths and sirenians. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">These outliers aside, however, it does remain that whilst
the other digestive categories’ low exponents are not recovered as
statistically significant they are probably still biologically relevant (Clauss
<i>et al</i>., 2007), so within individual
lineages or between similar species it can still be said that the Jarman-Bell
principle holds. Indeed, this lesser scaling is more consistent with the
general notion that whilst large animals will tend to accept lower-quality
fodder they still rarely can afford to be entirely unselective and ignore food
quality completely (Clauss <i>et al</i>.,
2007). Body size still tends to increase retention time, but just when
considering the broad variety of mammalian herbivores, the effects of mass are
somewhat subsidiary to the great morphophysiological variance in the
gastrointestinal tract. There is parallel here with the digestibility data;
overall dry-matter digestibility does not, as we saw above, vary much within
individual lineages with similar digestive physiology regardless of body size,
but varies markedly between more disparate clades of more divergent gut
morphology (e.g. ruminants versus the entirely colonic-fermenting
perissodactyls) (Müller <i>et al</i>.,
2013).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Franz <i>et al</i>. (2011a)
subjected reptiles (well, tortoises) to similar scrutiny and found very similar
results. That is, that above masses of 1kg or so, mean retention time scaled
not only at a lower exponent than expected with respect to body mass (BM<sup>0.17</sup>),
but that it was not significantly different from zero. Likewise, mass was not a
significant impactor on overall digestibility. Tortoises are interesting here in that they
display the longest recorded retention times of any herbivore (permissible by
their very low metabolic rate), with <i>Geochelone</i>
species often recorded as showing mean retention times of about 11 days (Hatt <i>et al</i>., 2002) and with one <i>G. sulcata</i> utilised in the study of
Franz <i>et al</i>. (2011a) showing a mean
retention time of particles for a clench-prompting <i>23 days</i>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">What seems most important from these studies is that
fermentation time does impose a powerful constraint upon body mass- on the
minimum size herbivores can obtain. It can be observed in many groups (lizards
are a very good example) that herbivores are absent from the lowest size
classes, and a combination of this, advantages of increasing retention time
(however weak the correlation), the need of defence and good ol’ energy
dynamics do mean that herbivores are on average larger than their omnivorous
and carnivorous contemporaries. However, even the apparently concrete
constraint as to the lower end of body mass can be circumvented through
behaviour- for example most herbivorous liolaemid lizards are very small due to
constraints put upon them by their montane habitat, and instead compensate by
speeding up digestion through maintaining a high body temperature in their
sunbathing regime (Espinoza <i>et al</i>.,
2004). This is also a good example of the ways in which varying pressures
acting upon an organism leads to compromise, rather than optimization toward
one aspect.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> A final variable that
needs to be considered is relative intake. As ultimately it is the ingestion of
more food that forces matter through the gastrointestinal tract it should be
expected that greater intake rates should be associated with shorter retention
times, as indeed we said in the case of elephants above. And indeed, Clauss <i>et al</i>. (2007) did find such a trend in
all of the observed groups- except the ruminants. Presumably, the manner in
which the rumen selectively retains larger particles means that it instead
represents the rate-delimiting step in ruminant digestion. Also, it should be
noted that for some time it has been realised that at least at the lower end
body size seems to have little impact on retention time in ruminants either
(e.g. Wenninger & Shipley, 2000; Clauss <i>et
al</i>., 2006).<i> </i>The unique nature of
the ruminant digestive system seems to have enabled them to decouple retention
time and digestibility from intake rate, to some extent. But then, ruminants
are very unusual. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So, then, we find ourselves concluding that whilst there is
certainly a lower body mass limit acting on herbivores and increases in body
size can lead to increases in digestive efficiency through extending retention
times, any correlation is highly inconsistent and long retention times do not
necessitate large body size. The reverse position is informative also;
increased digestive efficiency is in turn unlikely to represent the most
significant advantage associated with size increase, and is unlikely to
represent the sole driver of any observed evolutionary trend increasing body
mass observed in any one lineage. Instead, such trends are probably associated
with a combination of factors related to the numerous advantages associated
with large body size, such as increased defence, thermal stability, greater foraging
range, efficiency of locomotion, greater resistance to fluctuations in
resources etc. (although it should similarly be noted that few, if any, of
these other characters show any consistent relationship with body mass either).
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But why, then do we still see such a pervasive trend of
declining diet quality with increased herbivore body size? Well, a very recent
paper by Müller <i>et al</i>. (2013)
summarizes a recent trend in reinterpreting the entire framework of these
earlier results, in something of a new synthesis on the Jarman-Bell principle.
And you’ll be pleased to know that, at least superficially, it is simpler.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Jarman Bell
Principle today- a final twist</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Müller <i>et al</i>.
(2013) point out that most classic studies into the Jarman-Bell Principle have
been somewhat flawed- to cut some mathematics short essentially they make an
implicit assumption that digestibility remains constant, as its association
with retention time means that if it does not, then mean retention time should
scale even higher than BM<sup>0.25</sup>. As such, then using the results to draw
conclusions about digestibility when it has already been included amounts to
circular reasoning. Additionally, they pointed out the significance of the wet
gut content fraction also given as the gut contents of larger animals are
relatively wetter. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This overhaul of the key points allowed for a new
interpretation of existing data on mammals, as well as the addition of new data
of their own. The end result is the realization that intake rate actually scales
to BM<sup>0.9</sup> and not to metabolic rate as had previously been believed
(also here recall our reasoning that studies on animals of identical diets may
have masked differences in intake associated with diet quality). The fact that
it scales at greater than metabolic rate means that the advantage of large body
size with regard to a low-quality diet is actually pretty simple- compared to
smaller animals, larger herbivores can subsist on lower-quality plant matter
simply by <i>ingesting</i> <i>larger volumes of it relative to metabolic
rate</i>, rather than through any increases in digestive efficiency (Müller <i>et al</i>., 2013). So, it turns out a main
advantage a larger gut capacity is, well, you can fit more food in it. It will
be interesting to see the response this work will see, but for now, there you
go, the Jarman-Bell Principle, simpler than you thought a couple of minutes ago.
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So, to summarize, increase in body size is probably best
seen as a specialization towards a fibrous, poorer-quality diet as opposed to an
increase in overall efficiency. Also, variation of retention time with respect
to body mass is dwarfed by the variation seen between different lineages as a
result of biophysiological and behavioural adapatations. Something of a case of
morphology over general scaling laws (Clauss <i>et al</i>., 2007), then, although we can still assume a general
Jarman-Bell principle applying between similar organisms. Alternatively to the potential for increasing
retention time, large body size can also provide advantages in dealing with a
poor-quality diet of permitting greater intake rates relative to food
requirements. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Anyway, so, now we have had a bit of a look into the Jarman
Bell principle, then, let’s have a look again at those papers, and how much
more we can get from then now.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Zanno &
Makovicky, 2012</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Zanno & Makovicky, as above noted, looked at body size
changes within lineages of herbivorous theropods. Whilst the theropods are
obviously most infamously associated with carnivory (being generally referred
to in countless children’s books and outreach sessions as “the meat-eating
dinosaurs”) herbivorous taxa aren’t as oxymoronic as they sound. This shouldn’t
come as too much of a surprise; why, I am sure many of you like to eat
herbivorous theropods. Now, there are three main lineages of nonavian theropods
which are currently figured to have reversed their ancestral obligation to the
flesh: the “ostrich-dinosaur” ornithomimosaurs, the bizarre oviraptorosaurs and
the equally bizarre therizinosaurs (figure 3). All show a reduction (loss in the former
two) of the dentition and the development instead of a rhamphotheca (beak).
Given that all three lineages demonstrate a shift from the hypercanivorous
ancestral state to at least facultative herbivory makes them a good case to
look to for any evidence of driven body size of the sort that might be expected
from what has been seen in other herbivores and is suggested by the Jarman-Bell
Principle. But as I said in the introduction, the authors found no such driven
trend.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWHJx3ywHRf-MdvP5hbmXZKGM3aGSGQQWVB5mS1tmV2hd8phr1N7OmasabI7ZL6TdoIfhn6-cNMnH8biglxKutR-HM-q9pu4IEZSE0bKdxHXOhvic927W8jvIOGJeICcFPb7JLF5ZBeE5L/s1600/herbivorous_theropods.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWHJx3ywHRf-MdvP5hbmXZKGM3aGSGQQWVB5mS1tmV2hd8phr1N7OmasabI7ZL6TdoIfhn6-cNMnH8biglxKutR-HM-q9pu4IEZSE0bKdxHXOhvic927W8jvIOGJeICcFPb7JLF5ZBeE5L/s400/herbivorous_theropods.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Figure 3:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"> Representatives of
the three clades of predominantly herbivorous theropods. Top left: the
ornithomimosaur <i>Ornithomimus</i>, nicely clad in feathers after Zelenitsky <i>et
al</i>. (2012)- picture by Julius Csotonyi, accompanying the press release of
said paper. Bottom: the oviraptorosaur <i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gigantoraptor</span></i>. Picture by Nobu Tamura. Top right: <i>Nothronuchus</i>,
a therizinosaur. Latter two pict<span style="font-size: x-small;">ures licensed under the Creative C<span style="font-size: x-small;">ommons Attribution 3.0 Unported <span style="font-size: x-small;">license.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The question I find most interesting to derive then from
this result? Should we be surprised? It is important to recall what we saw in
the above discussion. First, recall how large body size is useful as part of a
specialization towards a highly fibrous diet, rather than towards greater
digestive efficiency in general. Now, evidence for the actual diet in any of
these herbivorous theropods is scant, often inferred as being fruit or leaves,
with a more folivorous diet often attributed to therizinosaurs pretty much just
because of their generally larger body size, and nuts (but definitely not eggs)
to the oviraptorosaurs virtue of their powerful beak. My point here is that I
anticipate that the diet of many ornithomimosaurs and oviraptorosaurs may well
have had a high proportion of high-quality foodstuffs such as fruits (and
animal matter), in which case any pressures associated with digestion would
have been much weaker.</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">More concretely- and importantly- the finding that there
only seemed to be a passive, as opposed to a driven, trend in body size corroborates
very much with the opinion from empirical work that the correlation between
digestive efficiency and body mass is weak, and so such a requirement of
herbivores is unlikely to drive a prominent trend of increasing body mass in as
of itself. Zanno & Makovicky (2012) suggest that ecological impactors- (e.g.
limited resources) or behavioural
factors, such as an increased body temperature or processing in the gastric
mill, may have served as ways of increasing digestive efficiency without
requiring body mass increase (<i>cf</i>. the
liolaemids). Additionally, given how important body mass is to an organism, and
so how many anatomical, behavioural and environmental pressures act upon it,
the body size of an organism will always have to be something of a compromise
between various pressures acting upon it. The result here that body size
evolution in herbivorous theropods, and other work on aetosaurs, ornithischians
and sauropodomorphs (Sookias <i>et al</i>.,
2012) appears passive is very interesting and was initially something of a
shock to me, but closer inspection reveals that we shouldn’t really be too
surprised.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>O’Gorman & Hone
2012</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">It is this latter point which I wish to bring to bear in a
look at one aspect raised in O’Gorman & Hone (2012), in their investigation
into the great size as attained by dinosaurs versus other terrestrial
vertebrates. The sauropodomorphs of course included the largest terrestrial
animals ever and the theropods the largest terrestrial carnivores.
Ornithischians also reached very great body sizes, and whilst the largest where
not too far beyond the realm of the largest mammals the bird-hipped dinosaurs
were still on average much larger than any non-dinosaurian terrestrial
tetrapod.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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</span></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGsIMB6QSCxQPkwT4D7Bx32WXdcQ3IzY46lwpTRzf6_BKu3MHoCA4_bc8Amzw9_z8fGuKtwl1w3kCm_b5UShR6G-Jqfgph5A6-aRuA4AsbbGY41TuZqdcwcyg2eW3l96UofxFigmSIffGf/s1600/O'Gorman&Hone2012.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGsIMB6QSCxQPkwT4D7Bx32WXdcQ3IzY46lwpTRzf6_BKu3MHoCA4_bc8Amzw9_z8fGuKtwl1w3kCm_b5UShR6G-Jqfgph5A6-aRuA4AsbbGY41TuZqdcwcyg2eW3l96UofxFigmSIffGf/s320/O'Gorman&Hone2012.png" width="226" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Figure 4:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> body mass
fequency <br />
distributions of O’Gorman & Hone <br />
(2012), for various vertebrate <br />
groups. From a-h are: nonavian <br />
dinosaurs, extant birds, extant <br />
reptiles, extant amphibians, <br />
extant fish, extant mammals, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">pterosaurs, and extinct<b> </b>Cenozoic <br />
mammals. Click to enlarge.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Anyway, O’Gorman & Hone investigated this by looking at
species-body size distributions for non-avian dinosaurs, extant birds, extant
mammals, fossil Cenozoic mammals, pterosaurs, extant amphibians, extant
“reptiles” and extant “fish”, in general (one hazards that treating actinops as
a clade alone might’ve been nice, but no mind, they are not the focus).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This produced a very interesting result- namely that
the body mass frequency distribution of non-avian dinosaurs is unique amongst
vertebrates. Even from avian dinosaurs and other archosaurs. Non-avian
dinosaurs showed a prominent skew towards large body sizes, whereas all other
groups examined were skewed towards small body sizes (figure 4). Why should dinosaurs be
so unique in this regard? It appears to be largely to do with their ecology-
dinosaurs seem to have occupied various different niches through ontogeny- so
that niches that would normally be filled by small taxa were instead filled by
the juveniles of large taxa- especially so in the dinosaurs that passed through
several orders of magnitude when growing up. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">O’Gorman & Hone (2012) then compared the size
distributions of the three main clades of non-avian dinosaurs and found that
this skew towards large body size is more extreme within sauropodomorphs and
ornithischians than theropods (figure 5). A variety of reasons for this are forwarded- one
concerns the population structure of dinosaurs, typically with many juveniles
(courtesy of large clutch sizes and so reproductive rates) but fewer
fully-grown animals (due to the high mortality of juveniles, and the attainment
of sexual maturity before full body size). So many juveniles hence provide a relatively
easy resource for carnivores, and a reason why (in addition to good ol’ energy
dynamics) theropods may lag behind in the “arms race” that could have been
driving size increase in herbivorous dinosaurs. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDoiDYh51k50lPx_10JBN_mXq7eUKUNsnlOBH6HraSJY80uTxY9ej-1jZt8cJL2_PO_qgWKyCKgRhyphenhyphenKjnVZ9NDhBOoeAP-7L8rw5NZn38bIN5zx_Z5rNj0ThfWo9k983NjbvkTYLMgMRgb/s1600/OGorman&Hone2012.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDoiDYh51k50lPx_10JBN_mXq7eUKUNsnlOBH6HraSJY80uTxY9ej-1jZt8cJL2_PO_qgWKyCKgRhyphenhyphenKjnVZ9NDhBOoeAP-7L8rw5NZn38bIN5zx_Z5rNj0ThfWo9k983NjbvkTYLMgMRgb/s640/OGorman&Hone2012.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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mass-frequency distributions of O’Gorman & Hone (2012) for the three main
dinosaurian clades, showing the greater skew towards larger body mass in the
herbivorous ornithischia and sauropodomorpha than the mostly carnivorous
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Another reason forwarded to explain this dichotomy between
the mostly carnivorous theropoda and the herbivorous groups is the pressure
towards greater digestive efficiency courtesy of increased retention time in
the latter- and indeed, this is carried forward as a major part of a general
explanation of the differing sizes and size distributions of vertebrate clades,
and why no others have reached dinosaurian proportions. </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">However, I would contend that, as we have seen above,
digestive efficiency is highly unlikely to have so strong an influence on the
body mass evolution of herbivorous vertebrates, beyond constraining their
minimum size. The lesser skew of theropods would seem more likely to be a
combination of this lack of a constraint on minimum body size and the other
factors discussed above. Body mass can represent an adaptation to, or
compromise in the face of, a variety of pressures but rarely shows a consistent
trend with any one factor- reflected in the general observance of only passive
trends in body size in individual clades. Not that I am saying that body mass
is not related to digestive efficiency- within an individual lineage increased body
mass may well be advantageous, especially in herbivores specialized/ing towards
bulk feeding upon a low quality, high-fibre diet (as, for example, is
hypothesised as the case in basal sauropods), and it could also be argued that
our samples on which the majority of modern work has been performed are
unrepresentative. That is, the disadvantages associated with less efficient
commination at larger body sizes may be less important in many reptiles versus
chewing mammals (although Fritz <i>et al</i>.
[2010] found that ingesta particle size increase with body mass increase was
steeper in reptiles than mammals, implying the exact opposite) and that
tortoises, which in general show very low metabolic rates and very long
retention times, may be unusual amongst reptiles. However, the similarity in
the scaling of digestive coefficients and methane production between mammals
and tortoises (Franz <i>et al</i>., 2009,
2011a,b; Fritz <i>et al</i>., 2010) implies
that these rules are consistent across herbivores. Ultimately, the empirical
evidence that we do have implies that the general association of body mass and
digestive efficiency is not really significant enough for the latter to be
considered the premier driver of the latter. It does remain that the
association between increasing body mass and increasing relative intake (Muller
<i>et al</i>., 2013) could represent enough
of an advantage to be expected to drive a trend of size increase, especially in
groups specialized towards low-quality fodder. However, the observed general
trend, at least in herbivorous archosaur lineages, that body-size evolution is
best characterized by Brownian motion (Sookias <i>et al</i>., 2012; Zanno & Mackovicky, 2012) suggests that pressures
associated with herbivory are, at least in archosaurs, not powerful enough in
the face of opposing factors to become a dominant driving force of body mass
evolution. </span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Summary</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So, well, there you go, the Jarman-Bell principle: a
biological classic based on sound mathematical theory, but which is ultimately
a far more complex and less obvious matter in practice as morphology,
physiology and behaviour complicate matters. Ultimately, beyond small body
sizes (with gut volume constraining the minimum size of herbivores to about 1kg
or so) the relationship between body mass and fermentation time (and so
digestive efficiency) is weak; but still biologically informative, particularly
between closely related taxa. There are several take-home messages we can
derive from all this for our upcoming series on tetrapod herbivores. Firstly, processing
plant matter is difficult and requires an expanded fermentation chamber- which
constrains herbivores to masses of above about 500g-1kg. Increasing body mass
leads to metabolic savings through gigantothermy and can provide an advantage
of increased retention time of plant matter, but that various disadvantages
associated with increased body size tend to mean that this leads more to greater
efficiency in dealing with cellulose, rather than to a general increase in
efficiency or competence. However, when looking across larger clades the
association of body mass and retention time is often inconsistent, and a more
general rule may be that larger body mass provides the advantage of greater
relative intake, again something of a specialization towards a low-quality
diet. Whilst a potential driver of body size evolution the low significance of
the correlation of digestive efficiency with body mass corroborates with the
passive, rather than driven, trend of body mass increase that appears to
characterize most herbivorous groups, and recall that body mass is such an
important characteristic of an organism on so many levels that size evolution is
never likely to be simple. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Anyway, until we meet again, as we shall, in our planned
next instalment- <i>Diadectes</i>: the
world’s first badass. What fun.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>References</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bell, R.H.V., 1969. The use of herbaceous layers by grazing
ungulates in the Serengeti. <i>In</i>: Watson,
A. (ed.) <i>Animal Populations in Relation
to Their Food Resources</i>, Blackwell, Oxford, 111-124. </span></span></div>
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rumination, digestion and passage of fruit and leaf diets by a small ruminant,
the blue duiker. <i>Oecologia</i>, <b>123</b>, 466-474.</span></span></div>
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mammalian metabolism. <i>Journal of
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1611-1619.</span></span></div>
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angiosperms and herbivorous tetrapods through time. <i>In:</i> Friis, E.M., Chaloner, W.G. & Crane, P.R. (eds.) <i>The origins of angiosperms and their
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Zanno, L.E. & Makovicky, P.J., 2012. No evidence for
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Zelenitsky, D.K., Therrien, F., Erickson, G.M., De Buhr,
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<i>Science</i>, <b>338</b>, 510-514.</span></span></div>
</div>
David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-91003966134252209632012-11-12T16:47:00.002+00:002012-11-13T12:36:43.913+00:00Sea Squirt to Dave Wells [4]<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Cyclostomes - are they a thing?... Yes probably</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What
is a vertebrate? More specifically, what are the characteristics of the basic
vertebrate bodyplan? In light of new
molecular, development and palaeontological data this seemingly straightforward
question has proved increasingly difficult to answer. The source of all this ambiguity are the
inscrutable hagfish and lampreys; jawless suckers without a bone in their
bodies.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCDdJJf7IUGElzODsNfql6VwHxGncGTxBlZo1_oFrmJHgN2LAXbfHnI4oxaon6dtyw6DFk2nSrh4hChyJR3rqSVRFiuau__qr8DrxoMxukvsYbAnk6-xdsgut1P0UgQbEpOeTgDshOZnRW/s1600/Lamprey+%2526+Hagfish.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCDdJJf7IUGElzODsNfql6VwHxGncGTxBlZo1_oFrmJHgN2LAXbfHnI4oxaon6dtyw6DFk2nSrh4hChyJR3rqSVRFiuau__qr8DrxoMxukvsYbAnk6-xdsgut1P0UgQbEpOeTgDshOZnRW/s640/Lamprey+%2526+Hagfish.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fig. 1.</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> The delightful lamprey (left) and the hagfish (right). Note the oral disc, external gill openings and keratinous teeth of the lamprey and the bizarre oral tentacles of the hagfish. Picture credits: Flickr user USFWS Pacific (left), </span><a href="http://www.mesa.edu.au/fish/gallery.asp" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">MESA</a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> (right).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The
first point of confusion is that characteristics commonly considered diagnostic
of vertebrates, such as teeth, jaws and a backbone, in fact define only a
subset of vertebrates, the gnathostomes, which constitute around 99% of extant
vertebrate diversity. Hagfish and
lampreys, on the other hand, are boneless, jawless fishes lacking paired
pectoral appendages and many other anatomical features of more familiar
vertebrates (see</span><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Fig. 2.</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In
case you are not familiar with the living jawless fishes, here is a brief
introduction. Firstly let’s consider the
lamprey; the bane of King Henry I and the chief ingredient of Queen Liz’s
coronation pie. The lamprey has a scale
less, slimy eel-like body with a post-anal tail fin at one end, and a
frightening head at the other. Concerning the head end, the lamprey has a well
developed eye with 7 external gill openings running laterally behind it. It has
a single nasal opening on the top of the head.
In adult lampreys the mouth forms a sucker-disc lined with horny teeth
made of keratin. Some lamprey species,
such as the sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon
marinus</i>) use this sucker-disc to latch onto unsuspecting prey which they
proceed to feed upon with a rasping thorny tongue. On the other hand some adult lamprey species,
such as the European brook lamprey (<i>Lampetra
planeri</i>) do not feed at all, instead relying on stores they built up during
their suspension feeding larval stage.
The adult stage exists entirely for spawning and will die soon after its
task is complete. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 2.</b> Anatomical comparison of the lancelet (a), larval lamprey or "ammocete" (b) and shark (c). Note the internal complexity of the ammocete compared with the lancelet and the shark compared with the ammocete. Picture credits:redrawn from </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Purves et al 1995 (a), redrawn from <a href="http://lanwebs.lander.edu/faculty/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html">invertebrate anatomy online</a> (b),</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> redrawn from<span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-right;"><span style="color: #006666; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.nvo.com/jin">www.nvo.com/jin</a></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"> (c). </span> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The anatomy
of the lamprey is radically remodelled during metamorphosis from larval to
adult stage. The body changes
proportionally and anatomical features of the head including the eyes, mouth
and gills are restructured. The adult
lamprey morphology is interpreted to have arisen as an adaptation to parasitic
habits (Hubbs & Potter 1971, Gess <i>et
al</i>. 2006). As such it has long been
assumed that the larval lamprey, or ammocete*, provides a better analogy for
the ancestral vertebrate body-plan (Yalden 2008). There is an unmistakable anatomical similarity
between the ammocete and the invertebrate lancelet (Fig. 2a, b); both clearly
show primitive characteristics of chordates such as the post-anal tail fin,
notochord etc. However unlike the
lancelet, the ammocete possesses a brain, eyes, middle ear, nose, heart, liver,
gall bladder and W-shaped muscle blocks (rather than the simple V-shaped muscle
blocks of the lancelet). These
characteristics are also found in all jawed vertebrates and support grouping of
lampreys and jawed vertebrates to the exclusion of the lancelet (<b>Fig. 2c</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Hagfish are an all together more disgusting affair. They are slimy eel like animals characterised
by the presence of four pairs of tentacles surrounding the mouth and nasal
opening, a single external duct on the left side of the animal behind the rear
most gill opening leading to the osephagus and a series of large glands running
laterally down the animal which produce a thick slime (Janvier 1997). Yes you read that correctly; they produce
slime! Or more accurately they produce a
micro fibrous slime containing keratinous threads (<span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Downing <i>et al</i>. 1981)</span> that, when
combined with water, reacts to produce thick gelatinous goo! Don’t believe me? Watch this video... </span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fig. 3.</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> A hagfish being disgusting. Video </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">credit: Vancouver Aquarium.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Hagfish
anatomy and physiology is bizarre and quite dissimilar to that of the lamprey. The hagfish skeleton lacks a true braincase
as well as branchial (gill) bars. Their
eyes are comparatively simple, lacking extrinsic musculature and lenses common
to most vertebrates. Hagfish also lack sensory line neuromasts (specialised
sensory cells present in most fish), musculature of the caudal fin web and a
true heart (instead they have multiple veinous hearts). Compared to all other vertebrates, their body
fluid content is higher, their blood cells have lower oxygen affinity and their
pituitary gland is less complex (Janvier 1997).
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The
relationship between hagfish, lampreys and gnathostomes has been a subject of
over 250 years of controversy. Linneaus
(1758) made no distinction between lampreys and the cartilaginous “fishes”, implying
that lack of jaws was merely a modification to parasitic habits. Duméril (1806) was the first to classify
hagfish and lampreys together as cyclostomes on the basis that both shared
unique anatomical characters including horny keratin teeth and gills enclosed
in pouches. <span class="SC315402"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Müller (1839), supported this view and provided, for the first
time, clear anatomical distinction between the lampreys and hagfish. However, </span></span><span class="SC315402"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Retzius</span></span><span class="SC315402"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> (1881) questioned this relationship, noting the possibly
primitive condition of the hagfish inner ear.
With the rise of Darwinian evolution and our old friend Ernst Haeckel’s
tree-like diagrams of relationships, it was generally agreed that cyclostomes had
branched off before the origin of gnathostomes and that their ancestors never
possessed jaws. However Linnaeus’ ideas
of degeneracy due to parasitic lifestyles pervaded (Janvier 2008). <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="SC315402"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Palaeontologists have contributed significantly to the debate on
vertebrate relations. Central to their
discussion were the remains of strange boney armour-plated fishes, originally
described from the Silurian and Devonian of Britain by Agassiz (1835) and later
by Huxley (1858). In 1889 Edward Drinker
Cope (of dinosaur fame) recognised that, like lampreys and hagfish, the
armoured fish fossils were jawless. Based
on this observation, he proposed that the armoured forms were more closely
related to cyclostomes than they were to gnathostomes. He believed jawless vertebrates were a natural
(monophyletic) group, which he coined “Agnatha”, and that the extinct armoured fishes,
which he coined “Ostracodermi”, were a primitive to the cyclostomes (<b>Fig. 4.</b>). This relationship implicitly suggested
cyclostomes were degenerate descendants of armoured ancestors. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fig. 4.</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Vertebrate phylogeny according to Cope (1889).</span><br />
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<span class="SC315402"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kiaer (1924) acknowledged 4 distinct groups of “ostracoderms”; the
osteostracans, anaspids, heterostracans, and thelodonts. He paid particular attention to the condition
of the nasal opening, grouping lampreys together with osteostracans and
anaspids on the basis of a shared single medial nasal opening. On the other hand, heterostracans and
thelodonts were likely to have possessed paired olfactory openings, recalling
the condition of gnathostomes (<b>Fig. 5a</b>). Counter
to this interpretation, Stensi</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ö</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> (1927) presented his view of the “diphyletic
origin of cyclostomes” in which hagfish are derived from heterostracans based
on ambiguous shared characters such as small eyes and a single external gill
opening (<b>Fig 5b</b>). </span></div>
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<span class="SC315402"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Fig. 5.</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal;"> Vertebrate phylogeny according to Kiaer (1924) and the oposing </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“diphyletic origin of cyclostomes” according to Stensi</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">ö</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> (1927)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="SC315402"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The latter half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century marked a resurgence
of interest in vertebrate phylogeny spurred on by the rise of Hennig’s cladistics
(1950), which for the first time, provided a systematic, parsimony –based
framework for reconstructing </span></span>phylogenies. Using this technique, Løvtrup (1977)
demonstrated that anatomical and physiological data supported cyclostome
paraphyly, with lampreys more closely related to gnathostomes. Gradually a consensus view, known as the vertebrate–craniate
hypothesis (Forey 1995), emerged supporting cylostome paraphyly (Forey and
Janvier 1993, Forey 1995, Donoghue <i>et al.</i>
2000, Donoghue and Smith 2001, Gess <i>et
al.</i> 2006 <b>Fig. 6a</b>). In this view,
ostracoderms were a parahyletic grade more closely related to gnathostomes than
to the living jawless fishes. For the
first time, the peculiar anatomy of hagfish and lampreys, was considered reflect
the primitive vertebrate body-plan, rather than a result of degeneration. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Unfortunately,
at around the same time as morphologists were reaching a consensus view of
paraphyletic cyclostomes, those pesky molecular systematists were finding
increasingly strong support for cyclostome monophyly (e.g. Stock and Whitt 1992,
Turbeville <i>et al.</i> 1994, Lipscomb <i>et al.</i> 1998, Kuraku <i>et al.</i> 1999, Takezaki <i>et al.</i>
2001, Yu Sy <i>et al.</i> 2008). Both disciplines were at loggerheads. Palaeontological and anatomical data strongly
supported the vertebrate-craniate hypothesis, yet molecular data consistently supported
the cyclostome hypothesis (<b>Fig 6b</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="SC315402"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Fig. 6.</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> The vertebrate-craniate hypothesis simplified from Gess <i>et al. </i>2006 (a) and the oposing cylostome hypothesis (</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Yu Sy </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">et al.</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> 2008, "ostracoderm" interrelations from Gess <i>et al. </i>2006</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">) (b).</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In
an attempt to reconcile the differences between molecular and anatomical phylogenies,
Near (2009) produced a combined parsimony-based analysis of both datasets. What he found was quite surprising. The expectation was that the overwhelming
molecular data would effectively ‘swamp’ the anatomical data and provide a
strong signal for cyclostome monophyly.
This wasn’t the case. Instead,
Near showed that the addition of relatively few anatomical characters altered
the phylogenetic inference of the molecular data and recovered cyclostomes as
paraphyletic. There are good reasons why
molecular data may struggle to resolve the affinity of cyclostomes; it is a
classic long-branch problem which, for the sake of brevity, we will have to
discuss on a later date. Because of
this, Near advocated that molecular datasets with strong support for the
cyclostome clade should be viewed with “a measured degree of scepticism”.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bewilderingly,
this is not the end of our cyclostome roller-coaster; there is one last twist
to this story. It concerns the latest weapon
in the molecular systematists arsenal; microRNAs. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding regulatory
sequences thought to be involved in cell homeostasis and differentiation
(Christodoulou </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">et al. </i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2010). MicroRNA’s are thought to be highly conserved
and appear to accumulate in most evolutionary lineages. Because of their innate conservatism, they
are considered powerful tools in discerning metazoan interrelations (Grimson </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">et al.</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> 2008, Wheeler </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">et al</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">. 2009). As such, they were applied to the problem of
vertebrate phylogeny by Heimberg </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">et al. </i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">(2010). The results of this study strongly supported the
cylostome hypothesis with hagfish and lampreys sharing 4 unique microRNA
families and 15 paralogues of more primitive families. What is more, they suggest that the
anatomical characters that had previously been used to support the
vertebrate-craniate hypothesis had, in fact, been incorrectly coded. The phylogenetic inference of their revised
anatomical matrix was equivocal. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <i> </i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">All
things considered, our best evidence seems to favour the cyclostome hypothesis. This leaves us with a problem. Based on the available evidence, either the
anatomical similarities between lampreys and gnathostomes are the result of convergent
evolution or the bizarre hagfish anatomy is the result of degeneracy relative
to lampreys (although it is quite possible that both these scenarios are true). The long and short of it is that we have no
idea about the anatomy of the common ancestor of hagfish, lampreys and
gnathostomes (the basic vertebrate body-plan).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It
is possible that fossils will provide us with the answer. There are numerous examples of vertebrate-like
Palaeozoic soft bodied fossils which have been suggested to be primitive
stem-gnathostomes or even stem-cyclostomes and thus would provide closer
analogues to the primitive vertebrate condition (Shu <i>et al.</i> 1999, Donoghue <i>et
al.</i> 2000, Gess <i>et al.</i> 2006, Janvier
2008). Unfortunately, as we shall see
next time, placement of these naked squashed animals within vertebrate
evolution is fraught with difficulty. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">*Ammocete was the scientific name given to the larval lamprey prior to the discovery that it was the juvenile form of <i>Lamperta. </i> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>References </b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-25230569291706317252012-10-29T03:07:00.002+00:002012-12-05T18:51:40.864+00:00SVP roundup: Part 1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Hi guys,
and sorry it has been a while- I had been prepping some posts incuding putting
the finishing touches to a rather elaborate one on the Smithsonian when Blogger’s
presumptuousness managed t wipe the lot for me. With that and my continued
hopping around I have got rather behind on posts. Sorry about that. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Ok, it’s
time to break with what as apparently become our programming of late and return
to talking about the passage of science. You might recall that last week I was
at SVP, this year in Raleigh, North Carolina. I had once hoped to blog during,
but I am afraid with everything going on the chance eluded me. So, instead, I
thought I would cover my highlights in a few roundups. Now, there was far too
many posters and talks going on for to see them all, or even comprehend, and my
focus was drawn to the dinosaur sessions (there was usually one on) owing to
their pertinence. I really wish I had seen more of the mammal ones, as from the
sounds of things there was much good within, and some real surprises (such as,
finally, the unveiling of a Gondwanathere skull- which from the sounds of
things was as rewardingly weird as one would expect and even drew audible
gasps). I popped into as many mammal and other sessions as I could, especially
when they concerned my interests in biomechanics and ecology, but it is worth taking
my bias into account when reading my comments on the meeting.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Anyway,
proceedings were opened on the first night with Larry Witmer talking about the
work of the infamous Witmer Labs in their quest in reconstructing dinosaurian
soft-part anatomy in a laid-back talk also open to the public. This talk bought
something of immediate interest of me up- namely that ongoing work refining
muscle reconstruction in <i>Diplodocus</i>
indicates that the muscle forces applied in the FEA feeding paper I was
involved in may have been as much as four times too great. Which is notable as
they were pretty low anyway. Remember what I said about FEA being comparative,
and all that. However, this revelation means that the skull was even more
“over-engineered” for withstanding merely static biting than we had previously
suspected, seemingly in order to adapt it towards resisting the forces
associated with branch stripping. As such it, if anything, strengthens the
conclusions of the aforementioned paper, but I am digressing.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Anyway,
this talk rather nicely set the tone for the rest of the meeting, in which I
think it is fair to say that the work of the Witmer Labs in the reconstructing
of soft-tissue anatomy and the modeling of biological processes was prevalent
throughout, and often show-stealing. What was most obvious was the integrated
approach of the research, with the work of different students in e.g. vascular
and circulatory morphology reconstruction (as presented by William Porter), of
fluid-dynamic modeling of air during respiration (from Jason Bourke) and
reconstruction of the brain and attendant soft tissues (from Ashley Morhardt)
can be combined to investigate larger problems such as e.g. how excess heat may
have been removed from the brain. Very fitting, given the integrative nature of
anatomy, and the only approach in which a thorough understanding of a creature
may ever be built up. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">To
elaborate on the above example, getting rid of excess heat in large dinosaurs
must have been quite some task, and most arduous of all in the sauropods, which
not only were damn huge but also were sitting on top of (well, were) giant
fermenting vats. Indeed, heat buildup would have been a powerful control on
their maximum size. The large external nares of dinosaurs would have been
important areas of heat exchange in cooling the blood, which otherwise could
easily damage delicate neurological tissues. The potential importance of such a
function of this area was the subject of Jason Bourke’s talk, with him
investigating airflow through the application of fluid dynamic modeling.
Looking into such a function also, however, allows testing of another issue-
that is nostril position within said external naris in these animals- whether
the traditional dorsal position or the more rostral position as seen in extant
archosaurs (Witmer, 2001). Anyway, through the interpretation of osteological
correlates implying a rich blood supply to the anterior region of the snout,
and modeling air during inspiration, it was demonstrated that only a rostral
position would have made use of this plumbing in effective heat exchange, and
hence seems more likely from a physiological as well as a comparative
standpoint. Whilst olfaction remains more of a challenge, this represents a good example of how careful anatomical
work, in junction with modeling, allows testing of hypotheses that would have
seemed untestable in the not too-distant past. All of this work was accompanied
by impressive digital reconstructions of the relevant soft tissues onto the
skulls in question, of course. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Not that
the Witmer Labs had a monopoly on this work. For instance, Stephan
Lautenschlager (from the University of Bristol- well, indeed, in the same dept.
as I hail from) pushed such reconstruction to new heights in presenting his
work into feeding in the therizinosaur <i>Erlikosaurus</i>,
utilizing FEA (<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.12000/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false">now a paper!</a>). What was demonstrated as the importance of the
beak, with the teeth seemingly largely vestigial in terms of feeding (made even
more interesting by the description in a preceding talk of a more basal
therizinosaur with a better developed dentition) and also the apparent
likelihood of a stripping/nipping feeding action in this taxon (as makes sense
for an animal with a small head, primarily suited to grasping, on a large
neck). FEA had a decent showing in the posters also, with another Bristolian,
Andrew Cuff, presenting results from FEA modeling the skulls of various
ornithomimosaurs- principally demonstrating the importance of a keratinous
rhamphatheca in dissipating stresses associated with feeding, and through
comparison with a wider selection of theropods showing the importance in such
an innovation (and the related loss of teeth) in adapting the lightweight skull
towards herbivory (and the general highly apomorphic nature of this skull
compared to most other theropods, which of course were doing very different
things).</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> While we’re on the subject of the evolution of dietary shifts Samantha
Price of the University of Oregon presented some phylogenetic comparative work
demonstrating in mammals that rather than the dominant signal being one of
omnivores specializing into herbivores or carnivores in fact the reverse is
true- <i>with transition rates from either
herbivory or carnivory into omnivory being far higher than vice versa</i>
(although transition between herbivore and carnivore directly was lowest).
Additionally, rates of diversification of the two specialized guilds
(especially that of herbivores) vastly outstripped that of omnivores so that
omnivore diversity is controlled largely by apparently more dietarily
specialized taxa moving into it as a strategy. This, in combination with
observations as to that omnivores tend to be most prevalent in unpredictable/perturbed
regimes rather makes omnivory appear more a derived strategy for dealing with fluctuating
resources as opposed to a primitive condition. However, the work thusfar as
presented has been based upon extant taxa, and so of course until the fossil
record has been fully considered it remains only a tantalizing possibility as
opposed to an observed macroevolutionary pattern<span style="font-size: small;">, but that work is now bein<span style="font-size: small;">g conducted</span></span>. I look forward <span style="font-size: small;">to see what results those bring.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Back to modeling-
other FEA stuff I noted going on concerned looking into the buildup of stresses
in the long bones of theropods during locomotion. FEA was also involved as one
of a suite of approaches employed by the winner of the Colbert prize, Stephanie
Crofts, alongside other approaches such as physical model construction and
loading, in understanding of the action of durophagous teeth in shell-cracking
organisms. Seems a popular tool, unfortunately I missed Wroe’s talk which mused
upon the future of FEA in palaeontology as at the time I was in the parallel
ornithischian dinosaur session. And no way am I leaving an ornithischian
session.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> The star of the show was, I suppose, the winner of the Romer Prize for
the best student talk- Zhijie Jack Tseng, for his work, which includes FEA, on
the case of convergence in specialized bone-cracking hyenas and the Borophagine
dogs of the Cenozoic of North America (see also his previous FEA work on <i>Crocuta</i>, <i>Dinocrocuta</i> and <i>Canis</i>
[Tseng, 2009; Tseng & Binder, 2010] and also a talk he gave on his work at
the Tyrell Museum can be viewed online- <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Aircylf1xo&list=PLE5C051E20D553713&index=13&feature=plpp_video">I would heartily recommend it</a>). After
clarifying the diet of a variety of fossil (and extant) dogs and hyenas through
morphology and toothwear, gross cranial morphology and tooth microstructure was
used to identify innovations associated with bone cracking shared between the
two, and the pattern of acquisition of these characters in each clade. He
quantified the convergence between members of these two groups (as well the
range observed between forms of varied levels of specialization within each)
utilizing geometric morphometrics. Finally, FEA was employed to compare the
ability of the skulls of various taxa to withstand the forces associated with
bone cracking, and to test the effectiveness of some of the features associated
with a diet of bones. The results were interesting in that each clade showed a
rather similar evolutionary pattern: bone-cracking was employed in feeding in
relatively unspecialized forms, with the suite of bone-cracking characters then
acquired in a piecemeal mosaic fashion, under a pressure associated with an
increasing proportion of bone in the diet. The levels of convergence acquired
between the two was quite marked, but notably only hyenas developed a large
cranial sinus which functions in mediating the forces associated with such high
bite-forces, explaining, at least in part, their greater success in the highly
specialized niches relating to this behavior. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">So, yes, that was my quick roundup of the “stars of the show”, that
splayed then out into FEA stuff when I realized what many of them had in
common. For the rest of my SVP summary, I’ll start going through on a (loosely) clade-by-clade basis
to pick up on some interesting things. </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWcgmKYTRZvJ5q-ryY1AmnWdORQhu_T5A4JnnTh6epJLtG_Qj4v3FGvCLMZnf-ZHR_QP5FG42F6DnrOzUbQE_fEPH0442VdJ0JTjCe_p3xeVTJAjUtJ8jz5EMP99syQu4HAojoF-_FLAdC/s1600/SVP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWcgmKYTRZvJ5q-ryY1AmnWdORQhu_T5A4JnnTh6epJLtG_Qj4v3FGvCLMZnf-ZHR_QP5FG42F6DnrOzUbQE_fEPH0442VdJ0JTjCe_p3xeVTJAjUtJ8jz5EMP99syQu4HAojoF-_FLAdC/s320/SVP.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Pic credit: Holly Dunsworth (Twitter).</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">References</span></span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Lautenschlager, S. 2012. Cranial myology and
bite force performance in <i>Erlikosaurus
andrewsi</i>: a novel approach for digital muscle reconstructions. <i>Journal of Anatomy</i>, <b>222</b>, published in Early View 14/10/12.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Tseng, Z.J. 2009. </span>Cranial
function in a late Miocene <i>Dinocrocuta gigantea </i>(Mammalia: Carnivora)
revealed by comparative<i> </i>finite element analysis. <i>Biological Journal
of the Linnean Society</i>,<i> </i><b>96</b>,<b> </b>51–67.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Tseng, Z.J. & Binder, W. 2010. </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mandibular biomechanics of <i>Crocuta crocuta</i>, <i>Canis lupus</i>,
and the late Miocene <i>Dinocrocuta gigantean </i>(Carnivora, Mammalia). <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society</i>,
<b>158</b>, 683-696.</span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></i></span></div>
David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-56631146597990152352012-10-07T07:23:00.002+01:002012-10-14T12:02:46.320+01:00Memoirs from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Hello again guys, again, and welcome to the next part in my series framing the setting of the institutions forming my quest to the West. If you will tolerate such another installment of my "holiday slides" arrogance- we'll return to heavier science soon, I promise! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Anyway, this week I've been in Pittsburgh, at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History- an obvious stop for any sauropod guy given its history with the Morrison. Anyway, once again, I thought it might be apt to give my impressions on the public galleries (it is worth bearing in mind that my reviews will always be from the point-of-view of a palaeontological and zoological enthusiast and so will mostly be based on what material you can see). I'll do my best on other presentational facets which are beyond my expertise. For similar reasons I won't say too much about the attached museum of art, that and that I only had time to look very briefly look round that).</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKDlHPY3KIFca0lg88Vsr-w_pzgw49cB_P9-SAjSu710qQdp7w5X9Q42ABdjQ99oDfBSrmXavjN2uxCGpCLoWQGV8bGGmhfqCh5abrP1mNcUsRyOuzHg13nvWFZbr4mwgyTDHfl06Tv4bp/s1600/PICT0147.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKDlHPY3KIFca0lg88Vsr-w_pzgw49cB_P9-SAjSu710qQdp7w5X9Q42ABdjQ99oDfBSrmXavjN2uxCGpCLoWQGV8bGGmhfqCh5abrP1mNcUsRyOuzHg13nvWFZbr4mwgyTDHfl06Tv4bp/s400/PICT0147.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Behold this carnage! High drama in taxidermy, produced by the famous </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Jules Verreaux in 1867 and now on display in the Carnegie.</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">After the gift shop (well stocked with merch from the good folks at Safari Ltd.- including the Carnegie collection itself, of course) the museum opens to with some introduction to geology, what a fossil is and a pretty brief Palaeozoic roundup. Also included here is a window in on the Palaeolab allowing the public to see the preparators in action. This emphasis upon the work and research that actually goes on within the museum's own walls- is very strong within the museum. Showcasing the museum as an active institution in science is very good for giving it a vibe of dynamism, and is of course very much in league with Andrew Carnegie's mission statement for the place as a museum for the people of Pittsburgh.</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHu0k7O0_rB1H2X109xoZsnNczjj93X1e2781sLwFhbgNezgEG0ssaeApPDBa4YyLeOTgXedMiyLPj0tiYfALRnh2bvdiW_o5tRVULso601-TSgaxpvo3fwjicTbyJPvjTSF8plZEz6UcW/s1600/PICT0003.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHu0k7O0_rB1H2X109xoZsnNczjj93X1e2781sLwFhbgNezgEG0ssaeApPDBa4YyLeOTgXedMiyLPj0tiYfALRnh2bvdiW_o5tRVULso601-TSgaxpvo3fwjicTbyJPvjTSF8plZEz6UcW/s320/PICT0003.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A statue of- who else- <i>Diplodocus carnegii </i>greets you to </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">to the museum. Here we can see that in response to cold</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">conditions sauropods are some of the few animals to have </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">evolved scarves. After all, nothing worse than a sauropod </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">with a sore throat, and all that.</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Herrerasaurus </i>and <i>Walking with Dinosaurs </i>footage introduces us to the main event: <i>Dinosaurs in their Time</i>. That is, the main display hall, featuring three main areas: the Late Triassic of North America, the Morrison Formation fauna (the worlds largest collection of Morrison dinosaurs), then a swagger through the Cretaceous, looking at both the feathered faunas of early Cretaceous China and the famed Late Cretaceous Hell Creek saurians, with a few other Cretaceous dinosaurs thrown in for good measure. The walls then feature other stuff like some early Jurassic marine animals and some stuff from Solnhofen. What
is really notable about the displays is the effective use of the
surroundings in which the skeletons are placed. All are placed amongst
ferns, trees and the like, and against a backdrop of large murals of the
relevant ecosystems, which are really effective at building at getting
you in the scene and creating the illusion of rolling plains. I really
liked the aetosaur on the Triassic one. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As you can appreciate, there was a lot of good stuff on show, especially from my perspective, the "death-pose" <i>Camarasaurus</i>
CM11338 herself! (With a cast skull though, the real one being in the
fossil stores. It was the most important part of my visit).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">[BACKSTORY:
in my current work I'm producing an FEA model of the skull of CM11338. I
am hence rather fond of it. I call her (well, the model at least, I
lack the jurisdiction to bestow names elsewhere) "Camille". She's a
harsh mistress, silent yet demanding and never a thank you, but she'll
still always find a way of tricking you into being glad you spent the
time with her. Might just take you a while to realise it].</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0Y4Uvs_wndJujAKTq0zwbbX85Ks22GVGSdAv7UupAZ96EswmG0d2-QNJ4Cyu7daFxDyPzLft6VXAKKiIGIZBUmuHVZkLgMeYCPonruq8KI4NF1SgJl_R-kC7tpEK8T7_q4R0-tzkXG102/s1600/Carnegie1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="627" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0Y4Uvs_wndJujAKTq0zwbbX85Ks22GVGSdAv7UupAZ96EswmG0d2-QNJ4Cyu7daFxDyPzLft6VXAKKiIGIZBUmuHVZkLgMeYCPonruq8KI4NF1SgJl_R-kC7tpEK8T7_q4R0-tzkXG102/s640/Carnegie1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Some of the earlier exhibits in the Carnegie. Top left: a diorama featuring a nice model of a <i>Eryops </i>in a coal swamp, with an <i>Edaphosaurus </i>in the background. Top right: <i>Herrerasaurus</i> as the welcomer to the Time of Dinosaurs (how appropriate). I like the parallels between this case and those you often see in big cat taxidermy specimens but it has only just occurred to me to ask what on earth it is doing amongst dead grass? Anyway, bottom: the large phytosaur <i>Redondasaurus</i>.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmUQdyxK-bUOawHPpVEOVlX6tXCmPFaO7HoLft12pLXZHNA9CC0JP5HmUoQzMUalfspUGVBMHw3dLwlZihIN_RLfLyUaxAuNOHu0wvyWguhiILvoxETa1xmGDCi_P51k0lLdfrCEjWSf5K/s1600/Carnegie2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmUQdyxK-bUOawHPpVEOVlX6tXCmPFaO7HoLft12pLXZHNA9CC0JP5HmUoQzMUalfspUGVBMHw3dLwlZihIN_RLfLyUaxAuNOHu0wvyWguhiILvoxETa1xmGDCi_P51k0lLdfrCEjWSf5K/s640/Carnegie2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Dinosaurs of the Jurassic on display in the Carnegie. Top left: the infamous virtually complete "death-pose" <i>Camarasaurus lentus</i> I a always banging on about. Top right: a view of the main Jurassic display from the walkway above (not the best angle to appreciate each of the sauropods at, but good for displaying what is there and how it is done). Hereabouts you can see <i>Diplodocus</i> in the foreground, with <i>Apatosaurus</i> adult and juvenile being tailed by <i>Allosaurus</i> in the mid-ground and with <i>Stegosaurus</i> in the background. Each stands amongst ferns and the like, with the spectacular Jurassic mural setting the scene. Various other stuff is displayed around in smaller cabinets, with an <i>Allosaurus</i> skull, <i>Camarasaurus</i> skull cast and both an infant and a subadult <i>Diplodocus</i> skull available for comparison (the latter two of which were very kindly made available to me to look at- they're nice and helpful folks at the Carnegie). Appreciable from here is how despite being similar in terms of overall length <i>Apatosaurus</i> is a much more heavily built animal than <i>Diplodocus, </i>of around twice the mass (well, about 1.5-2 times depending on the mass estimate you use). Bottom left: a juvenile (and unusual specimen of) <i>Ceratosaurus </i>tailing a <i>Dryosaurus</i>. Bottom right: <i>Camptosaurus</i>.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIc5pwAAfCQ_kHQxLExBsYLaThKaZhVvo032dABLSZnK_5UuKUuX8_fG_Kg-e47yaglL3Q455qHu2YrsTyqc1UOfxwIHS_HpIhnTn0DQppFbc9TwuFggBNPDcfXg2x979wyAT-o8mhg20m/s1600/Carnegie3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIc5pwAAfCQ_kHQxLExBsYLaThKaZhVvo032dABLSZnK_5UuKUuX8_fG_Kg-e47yaglL3Q455qHu2YrsTyqc1UOfxwIHS_HpIhnTn0DQppFbc9TwuFggBNPDcfXg2x979wyAT-o8mhg20m/s640/Carnegie3.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Some of the Cretaceous critters on display. As you can see, the Carnegie is a great place not just for sauropod fans, but ceratopsian aficionados also. Brief interjection: whilst probably ranking just behind ornithopods and sauropodomorphs in the favourtism stakes I freely acknowledge that ceratopsians are the coolest dinosaurs. Anyway- top left: <i>Psittacosaurus</i> with soft-tissue preservation of the bristle-like integument. Top right: a selection of ceratopsian skulls including <i>Zuniceratops</i> at the top and then <i>Pachyrhinosaurus, Torosaurus</i> and <i>Diabloceratops </i>left to right. The latter was not yet labelled beyond "new ceratopsid", and I was rather amused when a couple looking at it nevertheless remarked that it looked "just like the Devil" and tool a picture to demonstrate this fact to their friends. Bottom left: view out over the <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> display (two fighting over an <i>Edmontosaurus</i>) with <i>Quetzalcoatlus</i> overhead. The main thing to note here is just <i>how damn big</i> the latter is. I didn't even notice it the first time I as on the ground, only to see it from the higher vantage up here. Bottom right: <i>Triceratops</i>. I think this was my favourite single mounted skeleton and the poise is excellent- really makes it look as if it has frozen in cowed apprehension upon walking out past this tree to come opposite to the two <i>Tyrannosaurs</i>, hoping to have not been spotted. What character in a skeleton there.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Just past the dinosaurs is a bit on the Cretaceous chalk sea which uses an underwater background and various effects nicely. There is then is a nice little collection of various North American fossil mammals (apologies that I lack photos of these), although somewhat crammed into less than ideal surroundings. They are sort of hemmed in between a biodiversity interaction bit for children (and the small reptile and amphibian collections- limited to those that could be seen locally), and the "be a palaeontologist" bit where kids can dig up bones or something to get a highly simplified idea of what some of palaeontology can be like. These are both good for interaction and outreach, and certainly proved very popular, but the positioning did provide me with annoyance when it made it difficult to see some of the early Cenozoic mammals thanks to all the kids. You should see what they have done to my lawn by refusing to get off it. Damn kids with their music, and their Ninjago, and, and their, their infernal optimism.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Then, upstairs were some little collections of botany, African mammals and North American mammals. The latter provided the museum with a nice local feel, showing some things and providing information to help with seeing them in the vicinity. </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghro0Y73KrOn2fHD91tq4KhrdXy6iUVH0eT49GZQTJZCKVS4IpeklWPPxyDCte_W02sZRQDXFNw3In_tBYdEdNzYItKanbEfTSwjiOeNTqoBFSoGdJq2sDGIoxXD_GbaFxUe1WyLczxyGp/s1600/Carnegie4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="585" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghro0Y73KrOn2fHD91tq4KhrdXy6iUVH0eT49GZQTJZCKVS4IpeklWPPxyDCte_W02sZRQDXFNw3In_tBYdEdNzYItKanbEfTSwjiOeNTqoBFSoGdJq2sDGIoxXD_GbaFxUe1WyLczxyGp/s640/Carnegie4.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">A few more odds and sods from around the museum. Top: <i>Xiphactinus</i> hunting, with the Jurassic hall visible in the background. Fish and sauropods: together at last? Bottom left: My favourite duckbill <i>Corythosaurus</i>, indicating that life can be a hurricane, here in Pittsburgh. Bottom right: a nice little treat in the African mammals section was this pair of zebra duikers tucked away in the corner.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Amongst the dinosaurs there was a couple of things with the signage I thought that were of note. The first was that specimen numbers were included throughout, and indeed those specimens on display which were holotypes were indicated, and it explained the significance of these. That was good. The second was that it was also ensured throughout that those specimens which were real and which were casts was explicit throughout, both help folk appreciate what they are seeing. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Although, it must be said, my observations of the visiting public indicated that this later step did backfire a bit in some cases. In several instances amongst family groups upon reaching the first discussion of casts as the <i>Ceratosaurus</i> and <i>Dryosaurus</i> display one family member would become gravely concerned and run round clucking after everyone else with "you that says some of those are made up" until eventually they were corrected about everything. And then some kids liked to show off by running around and pointing out "that one isn't real!" etc. This might be something I am sensitized to given some of my own museum experiences, but apparently it is not obvious to all what goes into reconstructing a skeleton and how accurate casts are. Quite why people might think that palaeontology, or science in general, is out to trick them is a subject perhaps for another day if I am in a real whingey and self-important mood. What it dies highlight, though, is why such explicitness in the nature of what is on display is so important. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">More interesting is the focus of the information- I have already alluded to above the focus on work as carried out within the walls, with localities as worked by staff, specimens currently under study demonstrated and even stories from staff on field experiences. Amongst the specimens themselves the phylogenetic treatment as in the AMNH is not present, focus here is very much upon the tales of discovery of the animals, then about how they would have lived, palaeoecology, behaviour, etc. Especially good mileage is made out the tale of "Dippy", of Carnegie, and of discovery in Morrison, all of which are interesting. Your preferred approach probably depends more on taste than anything.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In summary: the Carnegie Museum is a must for a visit should you ever get the opportunity, as the dinosaur hall bears fantastic displays. The Morrison display is unparalleled in Jurassic collections across the world, and the Hell Creek exhibit is also very well done- the <i>Triceratops</i>, for example, manages to extrude so much character. So, yes, very highly recommended for all dinosaur, mammal and <i>Xiphactinus</i> fans everywhere. </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span>David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-50570006597096891642012-09-30T06:58:00.001+01:002012-10-14T12:02:46.318+01:00And now, here in Manhattan, the spell is broken.. and they LIVE AGAIN!!!!<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What up palaeogang- sorry, this post comes a little later than I had anticipated; long story short- technical difficulties, had a few laffs, had to spend today sorting that out, yadda yadda.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Anyway, as you may or may not recall, at the moment I am visiting museum collections in the USA to inspect sauropodomorph cranial material, as part of my PhD. So far I have looked at relevant material in the Yale Peabody Museum and the AMNH. Less on that now though, for the moment I thought it would be pertinent to talk about the museums themselves.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Distressingly, I never got the chance to look round the public galleries of the YPM- time was very tight- so I am afraid there is not much I can say except that the Cretaceous Garden, and its infamous </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Torosaurus</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> statue is wonderful. New Haven in general is a nice place, I hope some day, to return.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The <i>Barosaurus</i> mother vs. <i>Allosaurus</i> ultimate showdown in the main hall. Apologies for the poor photo quality, I was being rushed out. Anyway, you still get the idea of what an entrance hall this is.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I reserve the bulk of this essay, then, is reserved for the AMNH. Well, by that I mean the vertebrate palaeontology galleries on the 4th floor, I am afraid I only had about 3 and half hours over three days to scope out the public galleries so that was as far as I got. The African mammals hall was closed for refurbishment anyway.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And up on that floor, there in Manhattan... all manner of antediluvian beasts can be found, frozen in stone by a </span><strike style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">magic spell</strike><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> taphonomic processes for a thousand thousand years... Actually, I found having such large skeletons on a high up floor kinda funky. Anyway, the exhibits are arranged phylogenetically into four halls: "basal verts" (placoderms, actinops, sarcops, temnospondyls and lepospondyls, turtles, squamates, basal archosaurs, crurotarsians, pterosaurs), saurischians, ornithischians and mammals. Each of these halls were filled with infamous goodies.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaN7fKm8Ozn9SbTi8uyC5GTWupxvQ1X7lAfbw3HzQic1LNpsnSIE7f0_TbtT8FLQXiopTVOfBlnWNg63bkwhvEti-OfRPsd3oFQ_BayHsSLDomtEWzce7gLJ51doVHSBHuTGulrYlf7tFt/s1600/first_hall.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaN7fKm8Ozn9SbTi8uyC5GTWupxvQ1X7lAfbw3HzQic1LNpsnSIE7f0_TbtT8FLQXiopTVOfBlnWNg63bkwhvEti-OfRPsd3oFQ_BayHsSLDomtEWzce7gLJ51doVHSBHuTGulrYlf7tFt/s400/first_hall.png" width="375" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A small selection of critters you can see in the first hall. a)- the actinopterygian <i>Xiphactinus</i>, b) the temnospondyl <i>Buettneria</i>, c) the terrapin <i>Stupendemys</i>, d) the placodont <i>Henodus</i>, e) the "rauisuchian" <i>Prestosuchus</i>, f) the pterosaur <i>Tupuxuara</i>. As always, click to enlarge.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I like the phylogenetic approach- in particular I was very pleased to see the birds in the theropod section of the saurischian hall with no particular fanfare, it was just treated as simple, blunt, fact. The value of palaeontology is so much more obvious when the threads to the present are all apparent.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFtvReWFQOabjgloi7r7aNSGERh19LgE1rMcoyRHWn0MjkIfTSWTOwvlH7v7F0bDZoAzFueRqmAD55krlB-yLXrG7cM4obahSBCqWvQLcHv-xBH8te85c6DwPy8h7CIZUv3GuGkdicvaQk/s1600/saurischians.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFtvReWFQOabjgloi7r7aNSGERh19LgE1rMcoyRHWn0MjkIfTSWTOwvlH7v7F0bDZoAzFueRqmAD55krlB-yLXrG7cM4obahSBCqWvQLcHv-xBH8te85c6DwPy8h7CIZUv3GuGkdicvaQk/s400/saurischians.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">A selection of the things in the saurischian hall- a) <i>Diplodocus</i> skull, b) <i>Apatosaurus</i> skeleton, with a <i>Camarasaurus</i> skull visible in the foreground, c) <i>Gastornis</i> skeleton, d) <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> skeleton. Puny hu-mans scattered throughout for scale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Other things that I liked: I liked how the specimen numbers of everything were indicated, as it allows the more erudite palaeo-fan to trace specimens of interest. Additionally the "personalities in paleontology" bits were good to see also, as of course America is not lacking in its tales from the heroic age of palaeontology. It was also pleasing to see it well indicated what was cast and what was real, I know that some members of the public (like my dad, for instance) are often highly suspicious on visiting museums as to what is real bone and what is cast/reconstruction (or "plastic", as he calls it).</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfHASKjn5bl2BsmSZT1CwoSXnGjiDtr0V7bdGeiI4hgSCZ3RpLiOJcy_bX8BtdaVEkyjPpdxaK-mkhoFlmVmh9ozjnYhIfNdPPa_u1HYURM5LwBFwr4AVkn3iEsspdulAUbNErnJQP0pD2/s1600/ornithischians.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfHASKjn5bl2BsmSZT1CwoSXnGjiDtr0V7bdGeiI4hgSCZ3RpLiOJcy_bX8BtdaVEkyjPpdxaK-mkhoFlmVmh9ozjnYhIfNdPPa_u1HYURM5LwBFwr4AVkn3iEsspdulAUbNErnJQP0pD2/s400/ornithischians.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Some of the ornithischians on display. a) <i>Edmontonia</i>, b) <i>Styracosaurus</i>, c) <i>Corythosaurus</i> and d) <b>THAT</b> <i><strike>Claosaurus</strike> <strike>Trachodon</strike> <strike>Anatosaurus</strike> <strike>Anatotitan</strike> Edmontosaurus</i> double mount</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Another bit I liked was the heavy use
of cladograms, and the introduction of what they were about, in several
interactive panels. These essentially discussed the shared derived
characters of various clades, but never actually used the terms
"cladogram" "clade" "synapomorphy" (but did use Last Common Ancestor);
this is ok with me, learning terms might make it seem like less of a day
out and more of a lesson to visitors.</span></span> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl8dgFCvn5qRUDYcqDYJjOJgCNGVpkvXvwFjgyU8hkWlCtwL-8BIU4lViNSx8fNTuKbUEKIIcbQ0iRidqzpSJMrmuOwfGJU22cAXLH9NWkM_NLvsrzyCl7XfN3rd7o6cdgpLWBYwfjqWQM/s1600/panel.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl8dgFCvn5qRUDYcqDYJjOJgCNGVpkvXvwFjgyU8hkWlCtwL-8BIU4lViNSx8fNTuKbUEKIIcbQ0iRidqzpSJMrmuOwfGJU22cAXLH9NWkM_NLvsrzyCl7XfN3rd7o6cdgpLWBYwfjqWQM/s320/panel.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The interactive panels I was on about- each </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">node had a feature that could be explored </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">in more detail. Highly simplistic, yes, and the </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">overuse of the term "in these animals" in the </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">voiceover is something I am sure would have </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">reached meme status had I visited with friends, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">but it was still nice to see all the animals put in </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">an evolutionary framework.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It was nice to see such an
approach, keeping you in mind of evolutionary trends and possible
functional consequences, used throughout. Various aspects of
palaeontological opinion and methodologies were discussed, but I
couldn't help but feel these tended to be very much on the cautious
side- that is good, I know, but too many of the text sections seemed to
have a depressing message that palaeontology couldn't really ever say
anything. My only genuine niggle was the insistence of using "carnosaur"
to refer to all large theropods. They do explain on the signs how it
does not refer to an actual biological group, but when going to all that
trouble, why even bother? Oh, and on the oft-repeated grand dinosaur
evolutionary tree where the hell were the macronarians?!!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span>But yeah, little quibbles, and all in all, good stuff. And a really good <i>Apatosaurus</i>, and of course the awe-inspiring <i>Barosaurs</i> and <i>Allosaurus</i> mounts in the entry hall. My favourite part though: the ornithischian hall. There was no end of excellent ceratopsian and hadrosaur stuff in there. It has been a long time since I have seen middle-aged members of the public get so excited about dinosaurs as in there.<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> And it was especially nice to see loads of ground sloth mounts in one place, rather than just the stock <i>Megatherium</i>.
There is tonnes to see at the AMNH, besides the vert palaeo hall there
are the mammal halls, the ocean room, the biodiversity bits, planetarium
etc. If you're ever in the area, do yourself a favour, and check it
out. Leave some time though, it is worth 3 days.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">A few of the mammals in the Hall of Mammals: a) <i>Platybelodon </i>(yeah, <i><b>Platybelodon</b></i>, muthas! Badass.) b) <i>Toxodon </i>(also badass), c) <i>Brontops</i>, d) <i>Palaeoparadoxia</i>, a desmostylan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Anyway, I apologise for the lack of any actual science from my part in this post (why break the habit of a lifetime?! Eh, eh?), I have a few things in progress but I am afraid I have been rather strapped for time during the past week. Anyway, in a few hours time I have to be on a flight to Pittsburgh, so I think that'll be it for today besides from the customary until we meet again on this bridleway of teh intertubes. </span></div>
David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-76753266338834236822012-09-21T21:52:00.002+01:002012-10-14T12:02:02.614+01:00SVPCA roundup and upcoming events<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">As I mentioned in the last post, last week both Joe and myself were at SVPCA (the Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy) '12, hosted by the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Oxford, and the Oxford Natural History Museum. It was an excellent week, as always and it was great to catch up with folks I hadn't seen for varying intervals of time, and to meet various folks I haven't met before. I reckon SVPCA is my favourite conference I go to- I guess as last year's was the first ever conference I spoke at it will always hold a certain fondness with me. All in all, I had a good time, had a few laffs, and came out wiser for the experience. What more can y' ask for? My greatest thanks indeed to all involved in organising and hosting the event.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>(EDIT). </b>We now have a picture curtsey of Matt Friedman.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">On the subject of thanks- the best thing I learnt at SVPCA this year is that Mike Taylor (of <a href="http://svpow.com/">SV-POW</a> infamy) is a really, really, super nice and generous guy. Not that that is all I learnt at all- there was a lot to take from the talks and posters. I took a poster along this time, with a digital reconstruction I have completed of the skull of <i>Camarasaurus</i>. My fellow Bristolian Tom Stubbs also did a poster on his disparity work on Mesozoic crocs- something maybe I'll ask him to do a guest post on some day. it's interesting stuff. The University of Portsmouth dominated the poster session though, with a gamut of goodness on pterosaurs- anybody with an eye on the palaeo-skies should also keep an eye on their groups' output- and with some thelodont <strike>thun</strike> fun t'boot.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Of course, the main draw is the talks. The talks themselves showed quite a range in scope, from larger macroevolutionary works to detailed anatomical considerations. I know the latter are not to everybody's taste, but personally I like them very much indeeed. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">My greatest delight, as you would imagine, were the dinosaur talks- of which I was especially pleased to find that the ornithischians and sauropods were well-represented whilst theropods were definately out of focus- precisely where they belong! (Although I must say that fun subjects like <i>Gastornis </i>did still lend the latter alure). The dinosaur stuff raised some interesting points we'll have to get round to looking at at some point. There was quite a lot which was more than quite exciting, stuff we'll have to have a look at on here once it has been published. As well as dinosaurs other points of interest included the ecology of marine crocodiles from Mark Young, Lorna Steel et al. (now as <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0044985">a paper!</a>), Rob Sansom's stuff on decay studies and Darren Naish's observations of just how under-utilised the character-rich pelves of pterosaurs are in phylogenetic analyses. Mammals had a heavy showing also, with some interesting stuff like Adrian Lister's investigation into the nature of the link between hypsodonty and diet in proboscideans (again, something we'll have to discuss on greater length here sometime), and a summary of Phil Cox's FEA work on the relative gnawing and chewing performance of rodent skull morphs. And, bonus points go to my three Bristol colleagues Davide Foffa, Liz Martin and Jamie MacLaren for their presentations of their recently completed masters work on pliosaur biomechanics, pterosaur skeletal mass estimation and herbivorous dinosaur mandibular disparity, respectively. They were some of the best talks, actually. <span style="font-size: small;">My highlight, though, has to be John Conway's hypothetical forray as
to how palaeontologists of the future might reconstruct modern fauna
with only scrappy remains. Fun, interactive and very definately also
food for thought, despite the silly fun-ness. There was also a good showing from the fish crowd, but I am sure Joe has much better comments to make than me there.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The apex point for me, though, might have to have been the chance to have a looksee at Oxford's dodo remanents. And the Thylacine. Some real famous specimens, there. In conclusion: SVPCA, good! </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Anyway, to the news: I am about to embark on a bit of a jaunt for the next 5 weeks or so round the USA to look at sauropod material and to attend SVP (this is why this post has to be very much in-brief as it is coming from the hotel. I hope y'all appreciate it- cost me five quid for an hour of internet!). I'll be blogging along the way as much as possible, as it should be quite a fun palaeo-fest. Tally-ho!</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span>David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-38985597965966930292012-09-16T16:13:00.002+01:002012-10-14T12:08:23.376+01:00My purpose and a few musings on feeding and skull form in sauropodomorphs.<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">First: apologies that putting this post out has taken so long, a few things have cropped up and dominated my time of late. Still, I had fully intended to get this out before SVPCA last week, which you can see now I also failed at. That also means though that my SVPCA roundup should follow very soon. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Oakey dokey champs and/or chumps, I suppose it is time I
outlined what precisely it is I am doing, if you will indulge me my own
self-indulgence. I mention it not (purely) through arrogance, I in no way wish
to make this blog about me (as after all, who would want to read that?) but
instead myriad subjects, but in this case the last post has set it up rather
nicely and it will also inevitably colour future posts so, here we go.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As I believe I may have mentioned at some point, amongst
animals my greatest interest tends to lie within the ranks of megaherbivores.
Why that is should already apparent, if it is not hopefully I can convince you
of their general badassery in the fullness of time. In seriousness,
megaherbivores are notable in the way in which they handle a difficult, usually
low-energy and often well-defended, resource and in doing so exert a powerful
control upon the world around them. As such, their feeding is highly
interesting, and the subject of a great amount of research interest from
biologists everywhere. Anyhoo, my PhD considers an inspection into the feeding
of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs, in some ways the most mega of megaherbivores.
That was despicable. I apologise.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sauropodomorphs (sauropods and the basal “prosauropod”
grade- <b>Figs. 1.</b> & <b>2</b>.) are interesting for a variety of reasons: they were the first dinosaur
lineage to really expand to terrestrial dominance (of standing vertebrate
biomass, anyway) during the Late Triassic, they then went on to become
important, indeed in many cases the dominant, megaherbivores for the remainder
of the Mesozoic, becoming quite the global phenomenon. Well done them. They are
also notable in having a truly bizarre morphology the form of which is absent
today- they weren’t really a lot like giraffes and I tend to like to refer to them,
in general, as like a goose grafted onto a rhino (as we’ll see). Their real
standout trait was their gigantism- some of the sauropods represent the largest
terrestrial vertebrates known to science with body masses of up to 80 tonnes in
some incidences (with several taxa/specimens of varying degrees of mythological
status exceeding that) and general very large size the rule, not the exception.
Whilst dinosaurs were, of course, large, the sauropods remain the most
interesting incidence of gigantism- theropods were able to get large by the
vast quantities of meat large prey (with a r-selected breeding system) would
provide (Farlow <i>et al.</i>, 2010) whereas
ornithishians, whilst on average much larger, were in absolute terms not too
much larger than the largest mammals. The riddle of the sauropod is what it is
about its unique morphology which allowed the animals to attain such colossal
proportions, or if you prefer, the perhaps more informative question of why no
other terrestrial clade has gotten so big, despite there being clear advantages
of large body size.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1. Basal sauropodomorph ("prosauropods" and basalmost sauropod) phylogeny</b>. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Silhouettes of representative taxa left to right: <i>Saturnalia</i>, <i>Thecodontosaurus</i>, <i>Plateosaurus</i>, <i>Massospondylus</i>, <i>Anchisaurus</i>, <i>Melanorosaurus</i>, <i>Spinophorosaurus</i>. Not to scale. We'll deal briefly with skulls below, note the overall trend in body shape towards quadrupedalism, which accompanied an overall trend in increasing body size. The trends in here will be vastly expanded upon in suceeding posts, a phylogeny is presented here primarily as a framework on which to hang the rest of this discussion- can't understand anything without a phylogenetic context, after all. Note how the basal "prosauropods" form a paraphyletic series of outgroups with respect to the sauropods. Simplified and collapsed chiefly from Apaldetti <i>et al</i>., 2011, with input from Yates, 2010, Yates <i>et al</i>., 2010 and Remes <i>et al</i>., 2009. Basal sauropodomorph phylogeny is highly controversial, although things are gradually turning towards consensus. I'll deal with this properly in full course, but not today, unfortunately. Click to enlarge.</span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fig. 2. Eusauropod phylogeny. </span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Silhouettes, left to right: <i>Shunosaurus</i>, <i>Mamenchisa<span style="font-size: x-small;">urus</span></i><span style="font-size: x-small;">, <i>Jobaria</i>, <i>Nigersaurus</i> (a rebbachisaurid)</span>, <i>Diplodocus</i> (a diplodocid), <i>Camarasaurus</i>, <i>Giraffatitan</i> (a brachiosaurid) and <i>Rapetosaurus</i> (a Nemegtosaurid). The main thing to note here for the purposes of this introduction is the overall structure of eusauropod phylogeny: an ensemble of more basal forms, whom together are paraphyletic to the Neosauropoda. Neosauropods fall into one of two main lineages- the Diplodocoidea- a long-tailed forms with highly apomorphic skulls (see below) and the Macronaria- so called due to the large external nares. Main topology here after Wilson & Upchurch, 2009 and Royo-Torres <i>et al</i>., 2012, but with titanosaur phylogeny after Zaher <i>et al</i>., 2011. Eusauropodan phylogeny is becoming increasingly consensual, but as is evident here the relationships of basal forms are difficult to resolve. Additionally, the titanosaur phylogeny is more controversial, the blight of a group which despite being highly diverse is also very poorly known and only just beginning to be understood. As a result most of the titanosauria are omitted here, also note that in other phylogenies (including those in Royo-Torres <i>et al</i>., 2012) <i>Phuwiangosaurus</i> is resolved as more basal to <i>Euhelopus</i>. Yeah, me and you are gonna have to have a long talk about titanosaurs sometime.Click to enlarge.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Now, the answer to this proposition is complex and indeed
multi-faceted (Sander <i>et al</i>., 2010;
Klein <i>et al</i>., 2011), and how the
various aspect of sauropodomorph biology represented exaptations and
adaptations to such gigantism, and the forces driving such a trend, are
subjects we’ll be turning to many times in the future. For the moment though, let us focus on what
is my main interest (apparently in everything I do): feeding. Specializations
towards the effective gathering and processing of nutriment must have been
crucial, and, again, would have depending upon various hard- and soft-tissue
structures throughout the body. However, my work at present concerns but one
area of this multi-faceted problem, one you should be able to anticipate as it
follows all of my posts thusfar. I am
looking into problems concerning feeding- as the ingestational capabilities of
these dinosaurs would have been one of the most fundamental constraints both as
to how big they could get, as well as the task that would have occupied most of
their waking hours. Specifically to gain insight on this I am looking into the
biomechanics of the sauropodomorph skull, applying modelling techniques to
assess the performance of various taxa to address issues related to ecology and
also of cranial evolution through the clade in response to the pressures of
herbivory. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The sauropodomorph
skull- a general perspective</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Before we get onto why they are problematic and their
diversity first let’s take a gander at a typical sauropodomorph skull.
Unfortunately, skull morphology is so varied within this clade that there is no
such thing, really, as a “typical” sauropodomorph skull, so let’s have a brief
review shall we? First thing to notice I’ll give yer for free: the skull is
small compared to the body, and rather simplistic. As are the teeth. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Basalmost
sauropodmorphs, such as <i>Pantydraco</i> (<b>Fig. 3a</b>),
show rather unspecialized skulls, lacking numerous features indicative of
specialized herbivory (such as a ventrally offset jaw joint) and possessing a
narrow snout, suited perhaps for more selective browsing. These jaws were armed
with denticulate leaf-shaped teeth (<b>Fig. 3c</b>) (though note the mild heterodonty, with the
premaxillary teeth often more conical and unornamented), akin to those of an
iguana or of thyreophoran ornithischians, which seem almost to be the “default”
teeth of reptilian herbivores and would have punctured and cut through plant
matter on closing the jaws without any tooth-tooth shearing actually taking
place (the teeth would have interdigitated with one another as opposed to
making contact). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sauropodomorphs all showed a simple jaw hinge permitting only orthal movements.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span>Cranial kinesis (the ability for various skull bones to move
significantly relative to each other- snakes and lizards being the <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">most
infamous examples</span>), of the sort that has been invoked in mechanisms
permitting a transvserse chewing stroke in ornithopods and heterodontosaurs
(e.g. Weishampel, 1984; but see Norman <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et
al</i>., 2011 and Cuthbertson <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>.,
2012) was absent (Upchurch & Barrett, 2000; Barrett & Upchurch, 2007;
Holliday & Witmer, 2008). Transverse chewing motions would have hence been
impossible, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">with
the sauropodomorpha retaining a simple orthal stroke in isognathous jaws
(Upchurch & Barrett, 2000; Galton & Upchurch, 2004; Upchurch <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2004; Barrett & Upchurch,
2005).</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Even
were the kinetic links present, sauropodomorphs retained an essentially
reptilian (and, in general, somewhat reduced) musculature that lacked any
muscles analogous to the masseter sling of mammals that would have been capable
of powering such an action (Haas, 1963; Holliday, 2009). </span>However, many
taxa (such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i> as we
discussed last time) did elaborate upon this basal condition, showing expanded
articular regions of the mandible and obliquely orientated muscles that would
have made palinal movements (for-aft sliding of the mandible) entirely
plausible. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">However, though
more derived “prosauropods” and into basal sauropods proper we see a number of
innovations and trends culminating in a suite of characters that typify the
highly unusual sauropod skull, as can be observed in a basal sauropods like <i>Shunosaurus</i> (<b>Fig. 3d</b>). These include the retraction and enlargement of
the external nares (though probably not retraction of the fleshy nostril
[Witmer, 2001]), canting of the occipital region, reduction of the infraorbital
region and development of an enlarged, tear-shaped orbit (all of these traits
together seem expressions of a general rotation of the skull about the orbit)
and lateroventral displacement of the supratemporal fenestra (so that they are
visible in lateral view). The snout becomes notably broadened, the jaws
deepened and the mandibular symphysis more robust, and the premaxilla, maxilla
and dentary developed thin “lateral plates” of bone which covered the bases of
the teeth (and appear to have braced the teeth against laterally-directed
forces [Young <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2012]) and the
loss of the medial displacement of the toothrows and lateral ridges on the jaws
implying a loss of cheeks. Additionally, the teeth were reduced in number and
much elaborated, showing the development of a wrinkled enamel texture (of
unknown functional significance [Barrett & Upchurch, 2007]). Sauropod tooth
form is both simplistic and highly distinctive with a mesiodistally expanded
crown with a slight lingual concavity, and bearing a prominent lingual ridge
and lateral grooves. Such a morphology is termed “spatulate” due to the fact
that it looks <s>nothing</s> just like a spoon (<b>Fig. 3e</b>). These spatulate teeth lack
denticles (in most instances), instead sporting prominent mesial and distal
wear facets produced through occlusion with the opposing toothrow. The base of
the Sauropoda is concordant with the development of what has been termed
“precise occlusion”, but any mammal workers present might scoff at that. Still,
the development of occlusion resulted in a shearing bite that would have been
effective in severing plant material. It should be noted that the teeth were
homodont- specialized grinding cheek teeth were absent; instead all were suited
purely to cropping activities. Any oral processing would have been minimal and
certainly nothing of the like we might term “mastication” would have been
possible.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">The general skull
form of these basal sauropods- that is a high, short skull armed with spatulate
teeth, remained relatively conservative in non-neosauropod sauropods (<b>Fig. 3f, g</b>) and in
basal macronarians (<b>Fig. 3h</b>), although some notable disparity between taxa is still
present. For example, brachiosaurids (<b>Fig. 3i</b>) bear relatively narrow, "chisel-like" teeth for a "precision-shear" bite. The Diplodocoidea, however, show an extremely abberant skull form, as
we saw last time (<b>Fig. 3l, m</b>). The diplodocoids took many of the oddities of the sauropod
skull to the extreme (they were just so ‘90s like that). Extreme narial
retraction is accompanied by further inclination of the occiput and a prominent
anterioventral sloping of the quadrate- leading to an anterior shifting of the
mandibular articulation. The supratemporal fenestrae are reduced and slit-like
in many taxa, and even closed in others- it follows that the adductor muscles
must also have been reduced (and of novel attachment in <i>Nigersaurus</i> [Sereno <i>et al</i>.,
2007], a subject for another day). Tooth counts were markedly reduced as well-
with teeth restricted to the anterior margin of the jaws. In fact, in a bit of
fun, the whole dental set-up mirrors that of the shrew-rat <i>Paucidentomys</i>, which has an elongated face and limited its
dentition to specialized incisors in a similar approach of eschewing mastication
(unnecessary in this case as it is feeding on soft worms).These teeth also were
elaborated in being notably narrow-crowned with comparison to the typical
broad-crowns of a spatulate tooth; indeed, the crowns of these slender teeth
are more or less continuous with the root (<b>Fig. 3n</b>). Interestingly enough, derived
macronarians (well, derived titanosaurs to be more specific) such as <i>Bonitasaura, Nemegtosaurus</i>, <i>Quaesitosaurus</i>, <i>Rapetosaurus</i> and <i>Tupiasaurus </i>possess
very similar skulls and narrow-crowned teeth to diplodocoids (<b>Fig. 3j, k</b>). This convergence
has some pretty interesting rammifications as to the ecology and feeding
behaviour of sauropods through time, with narrow crowned titanosaurs radiating
after the extinction of the diplodocoids at the end of the Early Cretaceous in
an overall context of the decline and subsequent extinction of broad-crowned
taxa as relative these narrow crowned forms (Chure <i>et al</i>., 2010). These three examples (<i>Plateosaurus</i>, <i>Camarasaurus</i>,
<i>Diplodocus</i>) can be viewed almost as
three “archetypes” or “grades” of sauropodomorph skull form. </span></div>
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<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 3. sauropodomorph craniodental diversity. </b>a) <i>Pantydraco</i> skull (from Yates, 2003a). Note the rather unspecialized "generic dinosaur" shape. b) <i>Plateosaurus</i>
skull (from Yates 2003b). c) Leaf-shaped, denticulate teeth, with close up of the serrated
edge- the typical tooth morphology of basal sauropodomorphs (from Benton, 2000). d) <i>Shunosaurus </i>skull (from Chatterjee & Zheng, 2002). e) "Spatulate" teeth (of <i>Tazoudasaurus</i>),
the primitive sauropod condition in labial, lingual and closeup views,
left to right. Note the mesial and distal wear facets- the worn
"shoulders"- produced by occlusion with the opposing toothrow (from Allain & Aquesbi, 2008). f-i)
variation in "broad-toothed" sauropods- f) <i>Mamenchisaurus </i>(from Ouyang & He, 2002), g) <i>Turiasaurus</i> (from Royo-Torres & Upchurch, 2012), h) <i>Camarasaurus </i>(from Sereno & Wilson, 1998), i) <i>Giraffatitan</i> (from Sereno & Wilson, 1998)-
note in this taxon that the teeth are relatively slender- of a
"chisel-like" form almost intermediate between narrow and broad-crowned
teeth. j-m) variation in "narrow-crowned" taxa. j) the titanosaur <i>Rapetosaurus </i>(from Curry Rogers & Forster, 2004), k) the titanosaur <i>Boniatitan </i>(from Apesteguia, 2004)<i>. </i>Note the unusual kerantinous "shearing blades" hypothesised as being present in the back of the mouth; I have reservations as to this as we'll deal with in due course. l) The aberrant diplodocoid <i>Nigersaurus</i> (from Sereno <i>et al</i>., 2007). m) <i>Diplodocus </i>(from Sereno & Wilson, 1998). Note the great convergence in craniodental form between diplodocoids and titanosaurs. n) narrow crowned teeth (from the dentary of the titanosaur <i>Tupiasaurus</i>) in distal (left and centre) and labial view; note the single, low-angle apical wear facet.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The proportionately tiny head to the titanic body, the inability
to masticate and the often feeble build bred the longstanding idea from the mid
to late 19<sup>th</sup> century until comparatively recently considered that
the sauropod skull was almost maladaptive or defective and condemning these
animals to a life of sucking algae from swamps- a position summarized by
Hatcher (1901) “they were remarkably ill adapted for maintaining themselves
amidst varying conditions. Not only was an almost inexhaustible food supply
necessary to their existence but they were also equally dependent upon the
nature of the food… tender, succulent aquatic and semi-aquatic plants”. Leaving
aside the challenges associated with postcranial adaptations to gigantism for
the present, how such apparently miniscule heads and feeble teeth were able to
acquire sufficient forage to sustain sauropods was considered something of
mystery (Haas, 1963, Colbert, 1993) and was taken as evidence of low metabolic
rates (Colbert, 1993) and to suggest an assortment of foodstuffs and peculiar
lifestyles (e.g. Janesch, 1935/6; Holland, 1906, 1924; Haas, 1963).
Notions of sauropods being constrained to evolutionary backwaters as compared
to their more “progressive” ornithischian contemporaries persisted until quite
recently (Dodson, 1990). We now know much better, of course, sauropods, as
illustrated by a plethora of lines of evidence- footprints, functional
morphology, and the plain fact that they just wouldn’t have worked in water
(e.g. Coombs, 1975), were fully terrestrial. They were highly
successful too, having been recovered from every continent (even from
Antarctica- [Cerda <i>et al.</i> 2012]
although of course not that <i>Antarctosaurus</i>
itself lived there. That would be too easy). They also dominated the
megaherbivorous niche in many ecosystems from the late Triassic right through
to the end of the Mesozoic- an amazing tenure which in terms of longevity, only
the ornithischian dinosaurs amongst other megaherbivorous groups can challenge.
These things, bizarre as they looked, were amazingly successful, and if they
apparently “don’t work” then that is merely a hole in our understanding.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This understanding has hardly been helped by the general paucity
of sauropod skull material, due, at least in part, to the usual small size and
often delicate construction of the affair (notably, <i>Camarasaurus</i>, the most robustly skulled sauropod, bucks the trend
by having a decent cranial record). However, discoveries, as they do, keep
ongoing, and in recent years a plethora of discoveries, including some real
oddballs (e.g. <i>Nigersaurus</i>, <i>Boniatitan</i>) have greatly enhanced our
knowledge and provided skulls for some phylogenetically critical taxa, finally
quelling somewhat Romer’s (1968) lament that the general absence of skulls (and
feet) of sauropods would forever render their interrelationships opaque.Whilst controversy still abounds in the basal sauropodomorpha and interrealtions amongst the titanosaurs remain difficult to resolve (as, despite their great diversity, titanosaurs are unfortunately rather poorly known) increasing consensus in the overall topology of sauropodomorph phylogeny (e.g. Wilson & Upchurch, 2009) provides a framework within which the evolution of various cranial trends can be viewed (<b>Fig. 4.</b>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQJks87q6crscRCyWN_iScm9jo9-KZhmpRDFu_D9Cv5Djs652eYobH-L8dKLOUX6KSR9UuTu81N4ZuEvHQwFmEqXEc2_A5r9T13ef1rMh5kSx9vw_FvpLwI41NI_PPxP3-ArqXp2h_ynxZ/s1600/cranial_phylogeny.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQJks87q6crscRCyWN_iScm9jo9-KZhmpRDFu_D9Cv5Djs652eYobH-L8dKLOUX6KSR9UuTu81N4ZuEvHQwFmEqXEc2_A5r9T13ef1rMh5kSx9vw_FvpLwI41NI_PPxP3-ArqXp2h_ynxZ/s640/cranial_phylogeny.png" width="616" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 4. Craniodental evolution of the sauropodomorpha. </b>Mostly self-explanatory, again the main thing to note are the suite of characters seen at the base of the eusauropoda and the convergence seen in derived macronarians and diplodocoids. After Upchurch & Barrett, 2000; Barrett & Upchurch, 2007 and Wilson & Upchurch, 2009. Skull images from Sereno & Wilson, 1998; Chatterjee & Zheng, 2002; Yates, 2003b, Wilson, 2005 and Barrett & Upchurch, 2007).</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The
nutritional strategy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs- also entitled: a few hard
facts, a lot of conjecture on soft tissues.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">These discoveries have played their part in an ongoing thorough
reassessment of the efficiency and role of the head in feeding, as part of a
more general synthesis of sauropod biology in recent years (for the up-to-date
position, see Klein <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>. [2011]) as
the fruit of a concerted effort to understand the facilitating factors behind
their incredible gigantism (Sander & Clauss, 2008; Sander <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2010). In particular, it has
demonstrated that the perceived inadequacies of the sauropod skull are the
result, at least implicitly, of value judgements made against comparison with
the skulls of extant mammalian megaherbivores, which is an entirely
inappropriate comparison to make given that the skulls are adapted to perform
very different roles in the feeding regime. Namely, whereas the skulls of
mammals, and for that matter, ceratopsians and ornithischians, are/were
adapated to carry out cropping and processing actions, the sauropod skull was
instead a dedicated cropping tool, with processing carried out entirely in the
gut (Farlow, 1987; Christiansen, 1999; Sander & Clauss, 2008; Sander <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2010; Hummel & Clauss,
2011).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For example, the
apparent small size of the skull of sauropod dinosaurs in comparison to other
herbivorous groups is owed to the absence of the large cheek
teeth required for mastication (Christiansen, 1999; Sander & Clauss, 2008; Sander <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2010). Whilst this may well seem
a significant problem- the difficulty in digesting plant matter means that in
modern mammalian megaherbivores mechanical breakdown of plant matter,
increasing the surface area open to enzymatic attack in the gut, is essential
to maintain sufficiently high digestibility of plant matter under the retention
times permissible in large mammals as a function of their raw intake needs and
high metabolic rates, as we shall see sauropods accounted for this deficiency
in other ways. The skull was dedicated entirely towards cropping behaviour, and
it is under this context that we must interpret it in investigating claims that
its apparent small size would have constrained animals to very low metabolisms
by limiting intake rate (e.g. Colbert, 1993).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It follows that
the only parameter of relevance to sauropod feeding rates is the muzzle width,
and regression analyses of muzzle width versus body mass show no statistically
significant deviance from those plotted for mammals (or from ungulates alone
after removal of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hippopotamus</i>, a
distinctive outlier) (Christiansen, 1999), and it is also of note that
indricotheres tend to show subequal muzzle widths as compared to sauropods of
similar mass (Paul, 1998). As the sauropods (well, eusauropods anyway), lacking
cheeks and possessed of wide gapes, would have also used the entire toothrow,
as opposed to just the anterior teeth, to crop (Christiansen, 1999) it becomes
obvious that in cropping potential the sauropod head was not depauperate, only
in oral processing potential. The problem is not “how did saurpods get enough
to eat” but more one of “how can a large herbivore function without mechanical
breakdown of plant matter”, neither of which value judgements against extant animals
opting for a different strategy will fulfil. This is why I always think it is
less useful to think of sauropod feeding in terms of any modern megaherbivore
and much more useful to think of them in terms of a goose. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Geese are cool.
When I was a child I used to flirt with the idea of wanting some geese,
unfortunately we had no wine cellar or brewery that they could have guarded.
Anyway, geese are like sauropods when it comes to feeding in a few ways. They
have lightweight heads which carry out no kind of trituration of plant matter
sported on the end of a long neck. This quick crop-and-swallow movement, and
the allowance of the long neck for them to sweep a large area as they move,
allows geese to achieve truly prodigious intake rates, with pecking rates as
great as 130 pecks per minute recorded (Ogilvie, 1978). Geese require such high
intake rates as they lack an expanded fermentation chamber for microbial
breakdown of plant matter (at least seasonally), presumably due to the
pressures of weight-saving associated with their long-distance migratory flying
(Ogilvie, 1978; Klasing, 1998). This then constrains geese to a high-intake,
low retention-time (1.5-2 hours total passage time!- [Ogilvie, 1978]), low
digestibility strategy. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This latter part
is where sauropods and geese become dissimilar- as part of their large size
sauropods would inevitably have possessed large digestive tracts (herein we
again find relevance to the Jarman-Bell principle, a subject I plan to return
to soon), indeed as vindicated by comparison of projected organ masses and
calculated sauropod coeliac cavity volumes leaving room to spare for truly
titanic guts (Franz <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2009).
Sauropods, well, to work, would have had to have employed long ingesta times to
compensate for the lack of mechanical breakdown of food (Sander & Clauss,
2008; Franz <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2009; Hummel
& Clauss, 2011). In this way, the back end of a sauropod is more like a
rhinoceros, which shows comparatively high retention times. But with a long
tail stuck on the end. Of course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
what it does illustrate that by deploying a similar morphology to geese
sauropods could (presumably) have attained similar high intake rates-
sufficient, when combined with high digestibility courtesy of long retention
times to allow the maintenance of a truly titanic body, beyond that attained by
other megaherbivores. Inferences on sauropod digestion are evidentially tenuous
and mostly exercises in extrapolation, so I’ll leave them for an explicitly
more armchair natural philosophy type post, rather than confusing it all in
with hard skull evidence for now.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Thinking more
generally about the goose metaphor, it has been argued (e.g. Sander &
Clauss, 2008; Hummel & Clauss, 2011) that not taking the time to chew would
be the only way In which sauropods would have been able to ingest the raw
volume of food required to sustain an 80 tonne animal. Mastication takes time,
and this time increases with greater bite size, to the point where a cutoff of
increasing advantage from increasing bite size will be reached. The amount of
time we are talking here becomes obvious when we look to modern giant
herbivores- elephants, for example, are often cited to spend anywhere between
12 and 18 hours per day feeding, with much of this time spent chewing (Colbert, 1993)</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Mastication can in this way be seen as a constraint on maximum intake
rate which may limit the theoretical maximum body size of clades which practice
it.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Other practical considerations here make further suggestion as to
why the sauropod skull may have been under such constraint in size and oral
processing power. Large, heavy batteries of teeth set in stout jaws would have
been metabolically expensive, and far too heavy to have been mounted on the end
of a long neck. The long neck would have been invaluable both as a tissue
through which to dump excess heat (as we shall see at some point, shedding heat
in such large animals would have been a real dilly of a pickle) but also, as
with the goose, would have boosted foraging efficiency and conferred an
energetic advantage whether employed in high (Christian, 2010) or low (Ruxton
& Wilkinson, 2011) browsing (or of course both) through increasing the
feeding envelope. The debate of sauropod neck posture, and associated energetic
arguments, is something we shall return to another day. Perhaps more bluntly,
chewing in such a large organism as a large sauropod would probably be
ineffective even if it was present. It is both intuitive and well demonstrated
that, with the notable exception of ruminants, ingesta particle
size increases with increasing body size (Clauss <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2002, 2009; Clauss & Hummel, 2005; Fritz <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2009) as, to put it simply,
“mice chew their food into smaller particles then elephants” (Hummel &
Clauss, 2011). In mammalian herbivores it can be viewed that the increased gut
retention times typical of large body-size serve to compensate for greater ingesta-particle
size and, to an extent, vice versa. It is through extended gut retention times that extant reptiles, which do not chew, achieve similar digestive efficiency to herbivorous mammals (Fritz <i>et al</i>., 2010).</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> W</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e can see that by the time we get to the size of a sauropod
it is quite likely that an upper limit of size after which mastication was
still useful may well have been crossed (Hummel & Clauss, 2011).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One more elephant in the room remains on the subject of the
mechanical breakdown of plant matter by sauropods: the potential of a gastric
mill. Birds grind down their food </span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a
specialized gizzard, with a cuticular inner lining of koilin, dorsal and
ventral grinding plates and powerful musculature, breaking down and mixing food through powerful churning, this action assisted
by swallowed stones, the gastroliths. Studies on domestic
foul have indicated increases in digestive efficiency associated with
gastrolith action in breaking down plant matter, perhaps by up to 25-30% (Mangold, 1927</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">). An analogous gastric mill was long
assumed in sauropods </span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(and many other dinosaurs) based on the
presence of polished pebbles associated with some sauropod fossil material,
often apparently within the body cavity. However, comparison of
these gastroliths with those of ostriches demonstrates dissimilarity in polish
and also in relative volume (Wings & Sander, 2007), with largest pebble
collections of sauropods reaching only 0.03% the total body mass, as opposed to
1% as in herbivorous birds (Wings & Sander, 2007). Such a small relative
volume of gastroliths cannot really be considered to have performed any
significant processing function, and the swallowed lithics were probably
swallowed due to one of the other (myriad) reasons for doing so such as by accident. Again, Sander & Clauss
(2010) and Hummel & Clauss (2011) argue that, like mastication, such a
mechanical breakdown stage might have been too time-consuming to permit the raw
intake requirements to have ever been effective in a giant sauropod. One more
point here: in extant reptiles that show long retention times (and,
entertainingly enough, Dugongs [Lanyon & Sanson, 2006]) ingesta particle
size can be observed to decrease through the digestive tract through microbial
action alone (Fritz <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2010),
which presumably would also have been the case in sauropods if we assume long
retention times based on arguments outlined above. Modern herbivorous lizards
also often have nematode worms in their guts (O’Grady <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2005), which may assist in breaking down plant cutilcular
walls in a similar fashion to symbiotic fungi found within ruminant
gastrointestinal tracts. But this is of course utterly untestable, so can only
ever be open-ended conjecture to bear in mind.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What the above
synthesis does demonstrate is that, contrary to the insistences of the heroic
age of palaeontology, the head of the sauropod was not deficient in its lack of
chewing potential, but instead represents a highly specialized cropping tool,
the form of which was essential to both the great success and size of the
sauropods. Indeed, the retention of a plesiomorphic simple jaw and teeth,
coupled with the derived features reviewed above, were all essential to produce
the cropping rates necessary to fuel such animals. As such, understanding this
bizarre structure and unique structure is crucial to understanding their
success.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Given that the
skull of sauropods represent such a specialized cropping tool, it is
unsurprising that sauropods demonstrated a great diversity of cranial
diversity; indeed some of the most varied forms possessed by any one vertebrate
clade (Hummel & Clauss, 2011). Especially given the “Spartan” nature of
sauropod skull design (Sereno <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>.,
2007; Chure <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2010), with an
absence of the display and defensive features seen in manu other animals, these
differences are highly interesting in that they reflect sauropod feeding
ecology. Astonishingly, for such large animals of such great food (and space)
needs, taxic diversity was also very high with. For example, the most infamous
sauropod-bearing formation, the Morrison Formation, bears a great number of
sauropod taxa (e.g. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Haplocanthosaurus priscus,
H. delfsi, Brachiosaurus altithorax</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus
supremeus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C. lentus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C. grandis</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C. lewisii</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Suuwassea emiliae</i>,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amphicoelias altus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A, fragilimimus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apatosaurus ajax</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ap.
excelsus, Ap. louisae</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ap. parvus, </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>"Ap." minimus</i>,</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin, Supersaurus vivianae</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Barosaurus lentus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus
carnegii</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">D. longus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">D. hayii</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">D. hallorum, </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Dystrophaeus viaemalae,</i></span> as well as an assortment of synonyms and the like) alongside other megaherbivores such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stegosaurus</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camptosaurus</i>. Note at this point, however, both that the above are not all necessarily valid (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">D. longus </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">carnegii</i>
are very hard to distinguish, <i>Dystrophaeus </i>is often considered a <i>nomen dubia</i> and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> A.
fragilimimus</i> is near-mythical, indeed <i>Amphicoelias</i> in general may be a synonym of <i>Diplodocus</i>) and that not all of these would have
coexisted in the same time and place with the Morrison Formation representing a
massive area of deposition over 10 million years or so, although 9-10 species
seem to have coexisted around the now Dinosaur National Monument [Farlow <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2010]). Just as today, such a
high diversity of megaherbivores was presumably permitted by niche partitioning-
that is, that species with similar lifestyles can coexist through the exploitation
of slightly different resources. Hypotheses of niche partitioning between
sympatric sauropod taxa have long been made based upon gross morphology and
tooth wear and microwear data. Particularly, such hypotheses have been made
regarding <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus</i>, given that they were
sympatric, the most common sauropods of the Morrison Formation, and of greatly
differing cranial design. The robust, powerful jaws and teeth of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus</i>, implying greater bite
forces and perhaps a greater degree of oral processing than other sauropods,
contrasts strongly with the elongate and delicate skull and dentition of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i> (Calvo, 1994; Christiansen,
2000; Upchurch & Barrett, 2000). As we inspected last time, specialized
branch stripping behaviours have been postulated as part of the feeding
repertoire of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i> in both low
and high feeding(Barrett & Upchurch, 1994, Upchurch & Barrett, 2000;
Young <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2012) but with aspects
of microwear and the squared-off snout also having been used to argue for a
predominance of plucking and cropping motions in low browsing/”grazing” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sensu lato</i> (Whitlock, 2011). In
comparison, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus</i>, with a more
rounded snout, was a mid-height browser, utilising a more powerful bite to
sever stems and branches of plant material, and also using tugging motions
generated by the powerful neck musculature (Upchurch & Barrett, 2000),
producing the transverse scratches misinterpreted as evidence of transverse jaw
motions by Calvo (1994). As we briefly saw before, microwear work has led to
controversy with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i> in terms
of browsing height limiting precisely how much we can say with confidence here,
but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it remains that the patterns are
very different between the two taxa, with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus</i>
appearing to have fed upon much coarser vegetation (Fiorillo, 1998) (although
interestingly juveniles show more in common with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i> [Fiorillo, 1998] and in turn juvenile <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i> show a morphology suggestive
of a different diet to the adults [Whitlock, 2010], reflective of a trend
prevalent amongst reptiles and of great importance in Mesozoic ecosystems- that
through ontogeny the same taxon likely inhabited several different
niches).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Further consideration of the
potential of niche partitioning of sauropod taxa brings us to the reams of neck
attitude and altitude, which is controversial and deep enough to exhaust
several posts in the future.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What has been
notably absent from this work on niche partitioning is any kind of
biomechanical analysis as to relative skull performance and function between
taxa. If you recall our discussion of the antics of Young <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>. (2012) on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i>
last time then you’ll remember how Finite Element Analysis (FEA) permitted the
testing of the feasibility of different feeding behaviours in a rigorous
biomechanical framework. I am sure the astute amongst you can see where this is
going. I’m currently in the process of producing a finite-element model of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus lentus</i>. This will allow the comparison of bite force and skull
performance of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i> under a range of modelled
foraging behaviours-testing notions of niche partitioning between the two. As I
have said before, in fossil taxa FEA is best utilized as a comparative tool due
to the number of uncertainties involved in estimating the material properties
of the tissues of extinct organisms. Despite the strength of such comparative
approaches they have not previously been conducted for the sauropodomorpha.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Such a
comparative approach can also be useful into investigating the biomechanical
significance of evolutionary trends and derived characters observed within
clades (e.g. Rayfield, 2007; Tseng & Binder, 2010). In my case, I’ll also
be modelling the more basal taxon </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Plateosaurus
</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">(at least- I’d love to look at as many as possible, but that gives us our
three grades, at least), comparison of which with the more derived </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Camarasaurus </i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">and </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Diplodocus</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> will provide some illumination upon the biomechanical
ramifications of the changes in skull shape and derived craniodental characters
as observed through the sauropodomorpha. By assessing the functional
significance of these observed trends we can also move more towards testing
macroevolutuonary hypotheses related to shifts in feeding ecology and cranial
function within the sauropodomorpha (e.g. Barrett & Upchurch, 2007). The
sauropodomorphs represent a cool group to do such work on the evolution of
herbivory within due to their great longevity as one of the longest lived
terrestrial herbivore radiations, and also that their fossil record may be les
biased than that of ornithischians (Barrett </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">et al</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">., 2009).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As part of
interpreting these results in an evolutionary context, optimization of
craniodental characters onto a robust phylogeny will be necessary. Whilst
trends in these characters are increasingly well known, clade-level trends in
certain osteological features are more clear- and particularly so in the case
of cranial arthrology. By arthrology, I mean the morphology of the sutural
relations between bones. Whilst in mammals we are used to the complete fusion
of skull bones with age, dinosaurs often see the persistence of patent sutures
into adulthood- even in the massive skulls of tyrannosaurs (Rayfield, 2004).
The nature of the sutures in the skulls of these animals is important a</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">s the
influence of cranial suture morphology on cranial biomechanics is well
documented, with patent (unfused) sutures dampening or modifying the
transmission of strains generated during feeding (eg. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rafferty et al., 1999, 2003; </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Herring & Teng, 2000; </span></span></span>Kupczik
et al., 2007; <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Bright & Rayfield, 2011; Bright & Groning,
2011).</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
I’ll be profiling the cranial arthrology of the sauropodomorpha, and also
include in patent sutures in my FE models to investigate whether suture patency
may have been important in strain accommodation in the skulls of
sauropodomorphs.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So, I thank you
all for allowing me my own little spot of self-indulgence on this matter; just
to provide a bit of backstory both on sauropodomorphs and the sort of thing I
do with my time. Now then, upcoming I have a few plans, which essentially split
into two minds. One option would be to dwell on sauropodomophs for a while,
reviewing them in more detail through an expanded series, as the review of
skull morphology here was hideously brief and it does not even begin to be
anything approximating a review on feeding. Either that, or maybe to kick of
next time with my oft promised post on the Jarman-Bell principle and size in
herbivores. We’ll see, depends what goes better. Unless y’all have a strong
preference. If y’all do, y’all let me know, y’hear? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Until we meet
again!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;"><b>References</b></span><br />
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David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-77263363820268197582012-07-23T13:11:00.002+01:002012-10-14T12:03:50.095+01:00Sea Squirt to Dave Wells [3]<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Worms with rods</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As we saw a while back, the animal kingdom can be subdivided
into a number of major groups termed <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimuHquGiEpknRCo7FFMT7Jd73-vi5bcEVBzJ_8LroMROPccjWZCL2uWwV9NR_-D4SX_T8ZtvTjJw_Sn3hzt92eBEW5yJv-pvsKbuULa0gXdQg5lO8luEneBcBkBGPeA23qEiU3_LaaI6gk/s1600/METAZOA+paps+et+al+2009.jpg">phyla</a><i>,
</i>which share a common basic body-plan, a common embryological development
and are genetically similar. Most phyla,
<a href="http://evopalaeo.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/sea-squirt-to-dave-wells-2.html">as we have seen</a>, are superficially worm like.
But what of the vertebrates – the group to which we all belong? What is the underlying architecture of the
vertebrate body-plan? Vertebrates are
deuterostomes, belonging to the phylum Chordata, a group which also includes
the tunicates (commonly called sea squirts) and cephalochordates (commonly
called amphioxus or lancelets). By
studying these invertebrate relatives, we can reveal the anatomical framework
onto which vertebrate bodies were built.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhho77fsYG7w-twGdoOh2OutMWBdHaPDyj6qnTJSL5FU4BTBmAMBe2qs-pafiQepsb4lGUOU2dR9V7z_ZKmnyXDh-3oj9gpSW79S-b3OqjdtMbN0ZWUnUToxlm4lQJq0OUworCCmoYkHSXq/s1600/Chordate.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhho77fsYG7w-twGdoOh2OutMWBdHaPDyj6qnTJSL5FU4BTBmAMBe2qs-pafiQepsb4lGUOU2dR9V7z_ZKmnyXDh-3oj9gpSW79S-b3OqjdtMbN0ZWUnUToxlm4lQJq0OUworCCmoYkHSXq/s320/Chordate.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1. </b>A diversity of chordates. Firstly the invertebrate chordates; the lancelet (a), the larval tunicate (b) and the adult tunicate or 'sea-squirt' as it is evocatively called (c). Secondly the jawless vertebrates represented by the repulsive hagfish (d) the blood sucking lamprey (e). Finally the jawed vertebrates, represented here by the lionfish (f). Picture credits top left - bottom right; a) flickr user <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/artour_a/">artour a</a>, b) <a href="http://www.napavalley.edu/">Dan Clemens</a>, c) </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.jacksdive.com/">http://www.jacksdive.com</a>, d) <a href="http://drdawgsblawg.ca/">DAWG'S BLAWG</a>, e) <a href="http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/image/restrictions.htm">Great Lakes image collection</a>, f) <a href="http://www.melevsreef.com/">http://www.melevsreef.com</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Allow me to introduce our invertebrate cousins: The
lancelet is a small (approx 5cm)
superficially worm-like animal with a head end, complete with a mouth and
simple feeding structures, and a tail end with an anus and post-anal tail
fin. Internally there is a simple
digestive tract, pharynx with gill slits and, importantly, a dorsal stiffened
rod of cartilage (called the notochord) and a dorsal nerve chord. They live in shallow seas partially buried in
sand and are filter feeders. In
comparison sea squirts have a bizarre and extremely simple anatomy. Essentially they are jelly sacks with two
tube-like openings (siphons) located at the top of the organism. Water passes through the inhalant siphon and
enters a pharynx where food particles are separated and passed into the
gut. Waste is excreted from the anus
into the exhalent siphon. Sea squirts
are quite common and can often be seen clinging to the side of rock pools on
the beach. At first sight, it is
difficult to draw meaningful comparisons between tunicates and other chordates,
however the larval stage of tunicates reveals their chordate affinity. Tunicates have free swimming larvae that are
clearly comparable to the lancelet and demonstrate chordate synapomorphies such
as a notochord, dorsal nerve chord and post-anal tail.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiafY0I2qP4umO6zOTLOr7YkVjGCleNgu0h7le8esduvMDMn1U7qHhCHnh8zhZs3MIVuQ2fOX7UGLKrOvH0Y2k9gGP4LlcI1dNZK7U1OXhN_0cdmlV7FUAmko8UJBHndxDVB2_oUp4ldwBv/s1600/Invertebrate+Chordate+Anatomy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiafY0I2qP4umO6zOTLOr7YkVjGCleNgu0h7le8esduvMDMn1U7qHhCHnh8zhZs3MIVuQ2fOX7UGLKrOvH0Y2k9gGP4LlcI1dNZK7U1OXhN_0cdmlV7FUAmko8UJBHndxDVB2_oUp4ldwBv/s320/Invertebrate+Chordate+Anatomy.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fig. 2. </b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The anatomy of the invertebrate chordates. The lancelet (a), larval tunicate (b) and adult tunicate (c). Picture credits: a) redrawn from Purves 1995, b & c) redrawn from Jefferies 1986. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For a long time, it was thought that the lancelet was the closest living relative of vertebrates; after all, the lancelet body-plan is more than a little reminiscent of a fish and it has muscle blocks comparable to those of vertebrates. Molecular study, however, resolves tunicates; the peculiar sea squirts, as vertebrates closest kin (Delsuc <i>et al.</i> 2006, Heimberg <i>et al</i>. 2008</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">). What implications does this finding have on the evolution of vertebrates? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Well firstly, these results strongly suggest that the vertebrate-like anatomy of the lancelet is in fact the ancestral condition for chordates. In other words lancelet anatomy can be used as a model for what the primitive chordate ancestor may have looked like. On the other hand, the weird anatomy of sea squirts is actually degenerate. Sea squirts are simple not because they are primitive, but because they have evolved to be simple. In doing so they have lost many of their ancestral, vertebrate-like, chordate characteristics such as muscle blocks etc. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Despite appearances then, vertebrates are worms
after all.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Strip down the vertebrate
anatomy to its underlying architecture and what you find is the chordate
essential body-plan; a worm with a rod.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">This should come as little surprise to us, however, as at a certain
stage of vertebrate embryological development (around 30-50 days in humans) the
foetus strongly resembles the basic chordate body-plan.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">This similarity is not entirely superficial,
and can tell us something fundamental about the evolution of vertebrates from
chordate ancestors.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">But that is a tale
for another time.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJvq-00dy323QmSxFkYw_Oi9Nmx31YgEP2WJaSLTCwCnFRH6kGnNft4CUmyEW4aiLamUOrOaUClrwTiSdbKLqqCIJ5lRFKOx3_eaw8lWNGEu9XVOs9aWeV0TjCgtM6jhCHAL-Eyc0v9f56/s1600/human+embryo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJvq-00dy323QmSxFkYw_Oi9Nmx31YgEP2WJaSLTCwCnFRH6kGnNft4CUmyEW4aiLamUOrOaUClrwTiSdbKLqqCIJ5lRFKOx3_eaw8lWNGEu9XVOs9aWeV0TjCgtM6jhCHAL-Eyc0v9f56/s320/human+embryo.jpg" width="299" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 3.</b> A</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> stunning image of a human embryo at 7 weeks with notochord and pharyngeal arches clearly visible </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>References </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Delsuc, F., Brinkmann, H., Chourrout, D. & Philippe, H. 2006. Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>, 965–968.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Heimberg, A. M., Sempere, L. F., Moy, V. N., Donoghue, P. C. J. & Peterson, K. J. MicroRNAs and the advent of vertebrate morphological complexity. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA</i>, <b>105</b>, 2946–2950.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Jefferies, R. P. S. 1986. <i>The Ancestry of Vertebrates.</i> British Museum (Natural History), London, UK.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Purves, W., Orians, G. & Heller, H. 1992. <i>Life: The science of biology (4th ed.)</i>. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.</span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-41996793087990555352012-07-23T13:11:00.001+01:002012-10-14T12:08:23.378+01:00Feeding in Diplodocus- and testing the untestable<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Apologies champs and/or chumps, this post was supposed to go up on Tuesday (to coincide with the news about the following paper) but unfortunately blogger was throwing a paddy on saving and posting stuff for some reason, so it has had to wait until now. Last week sees the publication in Naturwissenschaften of a new paper by Mark Young <i>et al</i>. (there should be some familiar names in the full author list...) applying finite element analysis to replicate feeding related strain patterns in <i>Diplodocus</i>. Worth a read and certainly good matter for discussion, you can get the paper yourself </span><a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/x45680l4766v6586/" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">here</a><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">. </span><br />
<i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></i><br />
<i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diplodocus</i><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> is one of the best known of all the sauropods, being represented by over 100 total occurences (ranging from isolated elements to nearly complete skeletons) from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western USA. In particular, </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diplodocus</i><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> is unusual amongst sauropods in being known from over a dozen good skulls, several of which are complete (and range from an infant to adults, see below). We are lucky, then, to have a good idea at what the head of </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diplodocus</i><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> looked like (and Diplodocids in general; </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Apatosaurus</i><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> cranial material is not as good or plentiful but there is enough to see the similarities), and what stares back is something very perculiar indeed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Most sauropods showed relatively simple skulls (not that they weren't effective, as we have discussed before and will again). However, when compared to the skulls of more typical taxa such as <i>Camarasaurus</i> or Giraffatitan diplodocids show very much more gracile, lightweight skulls. They showed a strongly ventrally rotated occipital condyle, an elongated snout (sometimes leading them to be described as showing a "horse-like" head in works on sauropods, as this long snout makes them look nothing just like a horse) and with a highly reduced dentition. The "peglike" or "pencil-like" teeth were narrow-crowned (the crown being continuous with the root), and were limited to the very anterior end of the jaws, with the procumbent teeth arranged in a "tooth comb" (Fig. 1.). Additionally, in <i>Diplodocus</i> the articular fossa of the mandible is anterposteriorly elongated to be much longer than the articular head of the quadrate implying that a degree of propaliny (for/aft movement) was possible (Holland, 1906, 1924; Barrett & Upchurch, 1994; Upchurch & Barrett, 2000). The strong ventral rotation of the occipital region of the skull (angling the long axis of the head nearly perpindicular to that of the neck in articulation) and resultant oblique orientation of the jaw muscles (Haas, 1963) would have granted the adductor and pterygoideus muscles a distinct posterior and anterior force component, respectively, powering such a motion (Christiansen, 2000; Upchurch & Barrett, 2000). Also, the maxilla and dentary show shelves which slot together when the jaws are closed, forming "pseudo-cheeks" in the toothless region of the jaws (Upchurch & Barrett, 2000). </span></div>
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/0f7t27Z2pq2q47RnR0dFRUlPZHNps9YcIEZ2fn6urq169fHz161MXFxdHRce3atZMmTRo3bty9e/d0mSs1NdXOzq7T14mysrK2t7Gurq7TDiAQCATSG3JycoKCgi5evLht27Y7d+4M1EbTxYsX582bt3z58q+++mr37t1qtTo6OnrFihXLli1bsGDB2LFjR40aFRERMSBrg/QeGAR/dJSUlKSmpt68efPAgQMgTRgWFnbv3r20tLSCggKBQGBnZ3f27NneT1RXV2dkZNTXXg2ApqYmIpF48uTJjRs3VlZW+vn52djYzJ49e+TIkaNGjZowYcL06dOXLVu2adMmBweHXbt2HTt2LCQkJDQ09OzZs7dv337y5ElycnJCQsLff/8dGBjo5uZma2trbGw8ZcqUr7/+esyYMd999521tfWJEycWLFiQl5fX/WLCwsL02IAaUFNTs379+o52E8Aira0/Wnh4OIIgHRdZX18fFBT0/fffd58pLy4uPnjwoImJyb179/q56zUEAoFoiYyMRBDk999/nzZt2uDBg/va+7IrfH19EQRxcHBwd3dHECQ+Pj4wMBBBkDVr1pw/f37u3LkzZsx46y8FyHsLDII/CoCuNzk5+fTp0zt37gwICIiIiHjw4AGZTAYC07bcuHHD2tq695Oq1eo1a9boPRzsBiKRuGnTJu2PSqUSh8Olp6fHxcUFBwdbWloiCIIgyPDhww0MDIYMGQJ+/PTTT7/44ovx48eD/06aNOm///3vjh07vL29Q0NDU1NTsVgs2AgrLi62sLBQKpXdL+PChQtxcXH6/Wrh4eHbtm3r9KOioiInJydtM7ni4uJx48atX7++45lqtdrQ0NDX17erWRISEgwNDS0tLftOUgKBQCC6EBERMXjwYA6Hk5ubiyBIbGzsgCzDx8dnxIgRoNZlwoQJR44c8ff3nzp1Kvh0zZo1K1asGJCFQfQCDIL/zahUqoSEhJMnT+7fvz88PPzu3btYLLZj1NsOiURibGzM5/N7v4B9+/Y9fPiw9+PoCBqN3rhxY7uuDS0tLWlpacHBwf7+/v7+/omJiUKhUCqV8vl8FAqVnZ2dm5ublZUVGxu7c+fOioqKhoaGrsa/du1aV5FoW5hMpoeHRzvdQm/gcDhGRkZ0Or2rE27cuHH79m3tj1evXh00aFCn7TwSEhJ++umntvZqADqdvmXLFjMzs6SkJH0tGwKBQHrMqVOnvvjiC41GQyKRRo4ceevWrQFZhpeX1/Dhw0UikVKp/Oyzz4KDg93c3ObMmQM+NTExWb58+YAsDKIXYBD8b6OhoQGDwVy4cMHf3//UqVPnzp1LT0/XKvp1xN3d/caNG71fzKlTpy5cuND7cXQkJyfHwcEB/JlIJJ49e9bX1/fw4cOnT59OSEjoXp2cnp5+/vz57sc/cuSILrcFhUL98ccfISEhPB5P57V3R0BAQPcClbq6uv379+fk5IAf6+vrp0+f/ttvv3UaiBsZGfn5+bW9NjQ01Nzc/MSJEz2wiIZAIJC+ICQkZPjw4S0tLWg0etCgQTdv3hyQZQA5xO+//z5v3rzRo0cTCARra+tffvkFfGpkZDR//vwBWRhEL8Ag+N8Dg8G4ePHi/v37Dx8+HBMTQ6VSu0lqds+DBw927drV+yWdP3/e39+/9+PoyJ07d3bt2sXn8/fu3btjx44DBw6kpqbqYl7b3Ny8Y8eOly9fdnNOTU2NtbU1kUjsfqiamhp/f/9bt25dvHjRwsLi7t277/YdOpCXl/fXX39pjee6AovFOjg4aNP8YWFhCIKkp6d3PPP69evfffcdMHMoLCxcv369ra1tn/rKQSCQDwKlUsnn89+TYoBr164tWrRIo9FQKJTZs2c/ffp0QJaxa9euyZMnBwQEmJmZAXVfYmLi3bt3QaHe7du3L126pN+m8dXV1Twer8e/viHvBAyCP3gkEsn9+/dDQkIOHTp09erVd7LB6ora2loGg9H7cR49ehQUFNT7cbqnsbExKyvr5s2bpqamQB2bnp6uu2NXY2Pj4cOHjx8/DlxvuiIrK8va2vqtIgepVHrp0iXwZyaT6enp6e7ujsVidVxMRzgcDplM1uXMu3fvXrx4EfxZLpdPmDBh69atHUuqJRLJlClToqOjjx07tnLlyqioqPfkdx4EAhlAioqKZsyYMW/evHb+6wNFa2srCARbWlrq6+sH6jG1Y8eOiRMn9tt0LS0tmzZt+vbbb0EfIkhfA4PgDxgej3flyhVnZ+fQ0FAajaZHEaq+wGKxHh4effdGK5VKL1++vG3bNjs7u0uXLh0/ftzT0/OdRsDhcDY2NsHBwW99lQ8KCuqmpEwLi8VqVxX36NGj9evXdx9h6wW1Wr1//37g4KvRaP7+++9BgwaRSKSOZy5fvhxBEFdXV/ichUA+EiQSyd27d2/evKntsEOj0eLi4p49e1ZeXl5fXw9Kh4GiTCqVPn36NDs7G74hP3jwoD9tgBMSEoYNG/bjjz/2hbsopCMwCP7wqK2tzcjICAgI8PDwuHjxYscip/cHLpe7adMmva+wvLw8MTExJCTk8OHD58+fz8rKAm0dHj586O3treMgxcXFhw8fdnV1ffbs2VsdKJubm62trZ89e/bWYaOjo9t2M9ZoNC0tLadOnbK0tOwHtzgKheLq6gr8K6qqqr7//vt2Rh8MBmP37t3m5ub379/v68VAIJD3BD6fP23aNAMDg1GjRn377bdisRiLxX711VcGBgaffPLJ2rVr8/Lyxo4d+8knn1hZWWVlZc2aNWvUqFFjx451d3fvhxd4iBYrKysEQaZNm8ZisQZ6LR8FMAj+kGhsbHz+/Lmzs7OPj09mZub7rxkSi8WrV6+mUqn6GlClUsXExFhZWe3bty8zM7Pdtt39+/fblnx1RUtLy8OHD7dv3x4eHq5jKRgej1+1apVcLn/rmd7e3p2mV58+fbp8+fJO+2vol9jYWG0Pz9DQUK1ncGNjY0xMzJw5cwICAqRSaWBgYF909IBAIO8hfD5/69atkZGRnp6eCIKkpKTs3Llz3LhxVCo1KSkJQZDbt28fOXLkm2++qays3LlzJzhibW2NIEh+fn7PJo2MjHzy5Il+v8i/HiwWO2rUKK2mDtLXwCD4w4DP51++fNnX1zc0NBSNRutlzJqaGj6fj8Vi8/PzX7x4kZOTg0KhUCgUgUAQi8V6efuvra01MzPTi0w5Pz8/LCzM09Pz9OnTKBSq03Pu3r27e/fubgZRq9WvX7/29PQ8evToO4XmdDr9rQY9arX62rVrp06d6qrB3osXL7Zs2aJSqXSftwdUVVU5OTmBAr7a2trJkycD72S5XO7u7g4KO9Rq9e+//x4cHNynK4FAIO8JSqXSzMxs/fr1JiYmgwYNunfvnrGxsZWVFfh0/Pjxfn5+QUFB06ZNa2pqsrKyMjAwMDMzW7x48cyZM9+8edODGRsaGsaPH+/o6NibZTc2Nr7V07N/iI2N5XA4/TARlUodPXp0TExMP8wF0cAg+P2Hz+dfunTJw8MjMjJSIpH0eJzm5maxWJyfn3/9+vWgoKD9+/d7eHjs3LnT2dl59+7drq6uHh4eu3fvdnR0dHZ2dnV19fLy8vf3j4yMjI+Pp9PpPa5+dXR07PTfc3l5+f3799spBzolIyPD19fXwcEhKiqqtLS0mzMjIyMPHjzYzQlv3ryxtrbu2TNdF06dOvX33393c8Lt27f37dvXR7NrSUpKCgwM1Gg0SqUyJCRk0KBBHVuWHDhwwNDQ8P3fTIBAIL3n5s2bCILcvXsXGH4lJiZu3bp19OjRWCxWmwkOCAiYPHlyU1OTjY3NiBEjMjIyHj9+7O/v37O+6LW1tT/88EP3WYm3QiQSfX19B1yXXFxcvGbNmv5RHhKJxOHDh0dGRvbDXBANDILfZwQCQXh4+NatW+Pj43XZiO+UsrKyvLy8M2fOrFmzxsTExNnZOSgo6MGDBxgMRiQSVVdX19TUlJeXC4XC7Ozsf/7558WLF8+ePfPz87O2tra0tJw4cSKCIBMnTpwzZ86hQ4d6UEe1b98+Dw+PdgeLi4vt7e0RBBk0aFA3pmN0Ot3Nzc3BwSEnJweofrsnODgYBH+dIpfLN23apJe0dKdkZWX5+Pg4Ojp2k0RvaGjw9PTsa8eM6urqffv28fn8yspKmUw2e/bs//73v+2s4lJSUkaOHNk/uQ0IBDKwoFCoyZMnGxgYGBkZjR079unTpwwGY8qUKUATbGxsXFZWFhAQ8P3336vV6uzs7J9//vnnn3+eMGGCubm57k47bWloaJgxY0Yvg+CCgoKtW7cOuCg5KSlp8+bN/bMMCoXy2WefwSC434BB8PuIQCA4e/ask5PT+fPnte1w34n6+vqUlJTg4OD9+/c7OzsHBwc/ffpUKpWCT3k83suXLy9durRv377169f/+uuvX375JdKGQf8f5P8yZswYV1fXoqIi3VcSEBDQcUfMz88PDDhv3ryOjTzUajUOhwsMDNy0adOtW7d0z1aGhIRERUV1+lFzc/OePXvCw8N1X/m7cv78eVdX107dhdRqtbb2TiaTbdy48dixY7oYGPeYiIiIsLAwjUbT1NR0//59BEHu3LnT9gQmkzlq1Kh2ByEQyL8VoVCYn59fVVUFXo81Go1UKk1LSysoKAA25CqVisPhgCeVQqG4evVqfHx8zyJgjUbT3Nz8n//8p5d+8ygUavv27fp14e0Bjo6OISEh/TNXY2Mjg8Hofs8TokdgEPx+UVFRERsbu2XLlqioqJ45pODxeFD9cPDgwRcvXgiFQnC8tra2qKgoODh49uzZI0aMQBBk6NCh06ZNmz9//saNG52cnLy9vaOiom7duvXw4cNLly7FxcXduHHDx8fn0KFDS5cunTRp0oQJE0DkOmrUqPDwcB23qJ48edKu1TCBQLCxsRk3blxMTExHvReLxdq9e/fatWtnzJjxrnnKs2fPdtXR7fXr146Ojrqkk3tGS0tLTk6Oj49Pp0Z1AoGg7ZZicXHx8ePHvby8+m6bT6lUmpubczgcIpFYX19vbW09ZcqUtvsJzc3Na9as2bBhQx8tAAKBfMzU1tb++OOPe/fu7c0goI5CX0vqGaWlpYsXLy4oKBjYZUD6CBgEv0ckJSW5uLgcP368B+12W1tb8Xj8lStXfH19b9++ra3NqqysvHPnjqen59SpUxEEGTFixIIFC+zt7aOjo/Py8srLy5VKJZfLVSqVUqm0urpaLBYrFIqamhqJRFJVVVVZWVlWVsZmszMyMt68eRMaGmppafn5558jCOLh4VFfX//WhaHR6NWrV1dUVIAfq6qqrl+/Hh8fr/Wq1EImk8PDw318fBISEmJiYnqQpBSJRJ3K1+Ry+V9//ZWcnPyuA+pOfn6+k5NTV25rHYPdxsbGDRs29LjsWhdcXFzu3r0rlUqFQiGTyTQwMGgnmP77779nzJjxntSdQCCQfxP19fWTJ092c3PrzSBxcXG9HKH3vHr1at26dW+10YR8oMAg+L2AzWbb2dlt27atB91rGxoa5HJ5XFzco0ePtPra5ubmFy9e2Nrajh8/HiR9TU1NQ0JCCgsLRSKRSqWSyWQ1NTUKhYJMJgsEAoVCwWAwxGIxmUxmsVgymaysrIxIJFKpVJFIhMfjCQRCVVVVbW0tl8tNTExcuHAhgiB2dnZv7S3EYDCMjIzaJqTLysranVNXV3f58uWVK1fGx8eXl5eLRKK9e/dWVVW9663oiosXL546dUpfo3XKo0ePzp8/380JUqm0XR768uXL+/fv77slxcXFubu7V1RUACX3wYMHtXZpAAaD8cMPP3SsmYNAIB8bRCJRv48CtVp97ty5pKSk3gzy4MGD7mud+wE/P79z58719SxisbjHyhNIb4BB8MDz7NkzW1vb2NjYd1U+tbS0KBSKvLy8goICbVKWwWCcPn3a2NgYQZBvvvnG0NDw0KFD6enpcrm8pqampqaGy+WWlJRIpVIGg0EikTgcDp/Pp9Pp+fn5LMN0uxMAACAASURBVBZLLpeTSCQ6nS6TyWg02rNnz/Ly8mQyGZvNxmAwBAJBKpWqVKo3b96YmpoiCHL48OHuF1lWVrZ+/fpO+5YBsrOzvb29Dxw4oC1ZO3LkiNbptveoVCoXF5duFqAXnj59evv27W5OkEgk7YJgOp1uaWnZ8ZVAX1AoFAsLi8LCwszMTI1Go1Qqp0+fvmDBgrZvF3PmzPHx8emjBUAgkA+F1NRUU1PTvnsc9YxHjx4dOnRoABdQVVW1cuXKvrZUFwgEy5cv77g7CukHYBA8kDQ1NYWEhNjZ2TGZzHe6sK6ujs1m5+fnk0gkoHwoKSlJTExcunTp6NGjDQwMli1bFhgYWFhYWFZWBnKBIK4tKCjA4/FCoZBMJhMIBDqdLhaL6XS6XC5nMBgMBoNAIFCpVCqVisFg2Gw2gUDA4XBsNptKpYLpuFwug8EQCoU4HM7Q0BBBkHZdgjvi5ub28OHDjsebm5sjIiKcnJxSUlK0B4F3j0KheKcb0g1JSUlaQ9zKykqpVEqn04uKiuLi4h4/fvzixYunT58+ffo0NzeXSqUKBILi4uIeSHWfPHmSmJjYzQmd+ntERUXt27evj8o+ysrKjI2NExISXr16BYrwkpOTEQRpW6+9Z8+eRYsWdWVsDIFAPhKqqqqWLFnSdqfofeDq1avHjh0bwAVkZGSsWbNGF+Ffb7CxsTl06NCAO8F9nMAgeMAoKyvz9vYOCgp6J5cAtVotl8t5PB6BQABHxGKxv7//Dz/8gCDIb7/9FhQUhMFghEJhcXFxeXm5QCAA4a9EIqHT6VKpVCQS0en09PT0oqIiPp/P4/EYDEZ+fr5EIuHxeGlpaWQyWSaTUSiU7OxsLpfL4XAKCgqwWCyfzxeLxRgMhkwmV1VVicXif/75Z8KECX/88Uf3UdTRo0c7WgXX1dUFBQWdOXOm7fMlLCzMy8tLvz3TQ0JCTExMwsLCrKysfvvtt++++27o0KFav4thw4Z9+umnI0eOBD+OHz9+5syZpqamfn5+2dnZus/y+PHj7kXMFRUV+fn57R5ztbW1Xl5eZ8+e7eF365aWlpb169enpaU9fvyYTqeDgyEhIQiCxMbGgh9zc3MnT57M5/P7YgEQCOQDwtPTMyIiYqBX8X8IDQ3t3nm9r9mzZ09fp6IvX768fv16aNk+UMAgeABobGxMSEj4/fffgYmVjqjVahaLxeFwtGVzPB7Px8fn888/Hzx48IIFC27fvg3Cx+LiYoVCoVAo8Hg8lUql0WgsFotMJhOJRKFQiEKhGAwGl8sFsgcgBSYQCAQCgc/n8/l8IpEIwl8mkwlkwVgslkQiUSgUGo3GYDBwOBydTqdSqUql0s3NDUGQ7uPFqKio6OjotkdqampcXV3bdSzLyspydnbWy35ceXk5CoWKiIjYsGHDV1999cknn3z++edTpkxZs2bNoUOHrl27dufOnezs7Ly8vKKiIgaDQaPR0tLSrl+/fv78eQ8Pj/nz548ZM2b8+PGzZs0KDw8vKip6a6701atXO3fu7MZ9oq6u7s2bNx1VX7W1tTt37rx69Wrvv3VH7O3tHz58ePfu3baudpaWlgiCpKenazSaioqKuXPndpqnh0AgHxV37tyxs7Mb6FX8H06cODGAjrnV1dXLly/v0+w4jUabNm3a+5aA/6iAQXB/k5WV5e3tPWbMGN29YxobGxUKhUQi4XK5IG1Mp9M9PT0/++yz4cOHOzs7P3nypLKysqamhkgkMhgMgUAgFospFAoGg5FIJCQSCYvFUqlUHo+XnZ3NYDBUKpVUKhUIBGlpaQwGg0KhcDgcPB5PoVAEAgEOh8NisUKhkMfj0Wi0/Px8lUpFIBDQaDSbzeZwOFlZWRkZGfX19SKRKC4uDkEQV1fXbtb//PnzttLhpqYmX1/fdmVk5eXlrq6uPWjG0ZaKiorr1687OTnNnj178ODBM2bM2LBhw99///3s2TMul/tO/mhCofDx48deXl4gxb5kyZLjx4930zGourraw8OjexUHj8fD4XAdq4xFItGOHTv6IhL19vaOiYl58OBB21bbQqFw+vTp33//PVBo2Nvb//XXX3qfGgKBfFgIBAJzc3M9StF6T2Bg4AAGwQUFBatXr+47tVhLS4u5uXlAQEAfjQ/RBRgE9x+VlZVnz561t7c/e/astbW1js8amUxGJBKrqqrAdkl1dfXJkydHjBgxZMgQY2PjuLi4srKyyspKBoPB5/PlcjmFQpHJZCwWi06nc7ncnJwcDAYDIuPs7GwMBgPOweFwVCqVxWKxWKyCggImkymRSAQCQVFREZPJFIvFeXl5YCgymZydnU0ikQQCAUgS02g0LpeLxWLz8vJoNNovv/zyzTffdNNNB41GOzk5abd7zp0717Gvm4+PT28qcOl0ur+//6RJkwYPHvzVV19t2bIlNTVVpVL1eEAtMpksMTFxzZo1CIJ8+eWXkZGRndbwlpeXe3l5dT+jWq1+/vx5p0bCEonEycmpB9Z43XP06NH9+/ffu3evnesIgUAYMmSIubl5a2trdHT09OnT+1r0BoFA3n8sLCz0+Dbe0NCQkZHRG9MDNze3AZRDBAYGttuu1C9nzpxZvnx537nXQ3QBBsH9REFBga2t7fnz5zkczqFDh966/dHa2lpeXl5SUlJWVqZ9E01ISJg/f/7YsWMPHjyYnZ0tl8tZLJZQKAQuZiQSicfj0en03NxcLBZbVFSEQqGoVCqobyORSGw2m0ajFRUVUSgUPp9PoVAKCwvpdDqfz0ej0UKhkMVi4fF4DocDyuNAJlgsFtNoNCaTCeQQSqUSi8WCtLFcLheJRAcPHhw0aBDYXu8UPB5vZWUFWuA8ePDAzc2t3bv1jRs3Dh8+3INnQWNjY3x8vI2NzbBhw7788ktPT8+UlJR24XhlZSUWi01OTr569WpERMTBgwf9/Px8fHyOHz9+//79x48fYzAYXdryZWVl2dragi53HeW/KSkpmzZtemtfzYcPH7ZNyrYlOjpa78ngPXv2WFlZ3blzB4vFtvvo7NmzCIKEhoZSKJQvvvii+6o+CATyMRAQENDL9hZtkclkRkZGbDa7xyO4ubm9tfBao9F0mlnoJa2trWvWrHnz5o3eRwbk5+dPmTKlr30nIG8FBsF9TmNjY1xcnK2tLYgzjh49+vjx47deRaVSKRSKNnsqEAh2796NIMjs2bNzcnIqKyuZTCYIW9PS0lgsFoVCYbPZIF/L5/PJZDIIi5lMJihuEwgEXC4XZHBRKBQokkOj0cD1TCQScTgcCoUikUjweDyomWOxWCQSiUajlZaW5uTkFBUVkUgklUpFpVJzcnJEIpFQKKRQKFFRUYMGDermfZ3P5wPDh6qqKgcHB4lE0vZTDAazceNGpVL5rjcWi8WamJggCPLjjz9evHgRBNlVVVVYLDY2Ntbf39/R0XH58uVz5sz57bff5s2bN2/evPnz569atWr16tVz58797bffwB/++9//Ll682MTEZN26dX5+fsnJySKRqKtJExISfv75ZwRBbG1t2xbwCQSC7du3v7WrEJ1O9/X17bQUsqCgwNvbW4+W7Gq12sbGxsjIKDY2tqP/tFqtdnJyGjx48MuXL62srAa2+gQCgbwPvHr1avbs2foSANTX169fv743vdY8PDy6D4IpFIqNjc327dv37NkTHR2dlpbWqQ9PDyCRSKtXr+4j796GhgZTU9N+sB+GvBUYBPcteDzexcXlwIEDIK46c+ZM910bWltbKyoqWCyWWCzWZkYvXLgwfvz4cePGnTp1is1m19fXl5aWikQiMplMIpFA6RuHw9EqImQyWU5ODhaLVSgUOBwuPz+fwWBIJBIsFstms2tra0kkEvA743A4KBQqPT1dKpVyOJyioiLQTYNGo6HRaDCmUqkkkUgsFovNZhcUFGAwGLFYzGKxsFhsTk6OWCx++vTp4MGDvby8uvpSFRUV5ubmeDz+5MmTHXOoly9fvnnz5jvdValU6uDg8Nlnny1duvTKlSssFispKen48eMuLi5r1qwxNjbeu3dvQEBAVFTU1atXb9++jcFggLlbaWkpuEtcLlcqlSoUCjabnZiYeO3atdDQ0ODgYENDwx9//HHmzJnbtm27fv16p61AVCpVYGCggYHBpEmT7t+/rz2emJioSyo3Pj5ea87QlsbGRnd3944p2x7T2Nj4559//vbbbyEhIcAquB0NDQ0mJibTpk2TSqX6mhQCgXy4lJWVLV26VI8tgh0cHDpaA+mOu7v7gwcPujnB0dExNDQUg8EkJCScP39+27Ztq1evtrOzO3HiRHJycqcNRHXkwoUL3t7ePb68e/bv329jY9NHg0PeCRgE9xUNDQ1///23g4PDkydPwJGUlJT9+/d3tWOuVqsrKiqAnRlIamo0GjQavXbt2k8//dTJyQmHw1VXV6tUKg6Hw+FwJBIJkUgE5mUgBwwMgIF7Q0FBAZlMBpqH7OzswsJCYANMp9OZTCZQ9+bm5tJoNBqNlp2dTSaTq6urBQJBQUGBQCAQCAR4PB50j2MymSDBTCAQaDQaCJ2BZIJIJLJYrIcPHw4dOtTKyqqrLGZra6u1tfWVK1dAAV/bjxobG/fs2dNN5rUjubm5s2bNGjZsmJ+f34MHDyIjI7dt2waU1o8fP05KSqJSqaWlpRUVFaWlpRKJpKGhQSKRAAsIHo8H3hmA1lksFotEIjabDV4S6urqgB9cbGysg4PDzz//PGvWrOjo6E6fpAUFBStXrhwyZMiWLVtAbjs2NrZtTNwVTU1Nhw4d6nSXLTk5+cSJE7rfiu6RyWQTJ05ctGjRqVOnXr582ek5dDp97NixZmZmsFkRBALRaDQeHh4nT57U12i7d+8+fvx4bxbTfRC8Y8cObZ9Uzf/3UIqPjz99+rStre3SpUt37tyJw+Hedd7W1tatW7c+e/asJ4t+G8nJybNnz+6mzBrSn8AguE8QCoVOTk4HDhzQdudiMpk7duxopwTQ0traWl1dnZeX13Yf6tq1a1988cWoUaMuXbpUX18vl8s5HI5YLAY53dzcXAqFkp+fz+PxgGCXSCSi0Wg8Hl9QUAB0DhgMBjgECwQCMpkMvNJwOByZTKZSqUQiEWh/hUIhHo/Pzs4GESHI+4JeygQCAVTCsdlskHgGl1MoFDweDwTEz58/RxBk+fLl3Tgdurm5dXwUNjQ0HD169Ny5c7prAFJSUsaMGTN27NicnJy4uDhHR8cbN27w+XyFQiGTyZRKZUlJCTBRVqlUIpFIoVCgUCituRuHwwGhsEgkwmKxQELNZDLBF2QymeAlRC6XS6VSFou1f//+0aNH//DDDxcvXux0PadPnx45cuTMmTPZbLZQKHR0dORyuW/9FkKhcPv27W2f3QCpVHr06NHq6mod70b3oFCoP/74w8bGJjY2tpsUdXp6OuiArZdJIRDIB83169cdHR31NZqPj4+Li0uPL9+0aVP3cggXF5f8/PyuPqVQKJ6enosXL96+ffs7NQ2lUCiLFy/uiy2yqqoqY2Pje/fu6X1kSM+AQbD+SU1NtbOzu3LlivZISUmJu7t7p6Vjra2tNTU1MpmMx+NppaJSqXTXrl3Dhw93dHTMyckB8Sjw+iUQCMXFxWw2Ozs7G4fDAWdfNBoNithAmlMb7ZHJZBQKRaPR+Hw+MErD4/EgGyoSiUCKl8fj8fl8JpMJpA5sNhvEiCA6zM/PB7FvUVERFovFYrGgYxyDwRCJREQikUQi5eTkfPHFF8bGxt0Ewfv27XN2dm538MWLFzt27NC9Hg6FQo0aNWrGjBkpKSn19fWgzk8sFhcXF1dVVYGFKRQK0P4DJLylUikWiwXRLY/HI5FIQOYBHDCAJRyAy+WSyWSlUikQCNhsNpfLFYlEwCVj165d33zzzfLly3NycjquKi0tbdy4cd9++y0Oh4uIiNAxiZKWlmZnZ8dgMNoebG1tDQ8Px+FwSqVSKpWy2ex//vnn1atX79pQEHDnzh0/Pz9HR8eoqKjuxWeXL18eMmRIb3YtIRDIvwORSGRsbNxVvuZduXbtmoWFRY8vX79+/evXr7v6lMfjbdiwoVPRWlv4fP7Zs2cNDQ2dnJx0jGtPnjxpa2urxwoNLa6urjt27ND7sJAeA4NgPXPz5s2NGze201R5eHicOXOm0/Nra2vJZLJardb+e8Pj8T/99BOCIAcOHGAymaB5W1ZWFpCx8ng8DAYDAmIgbwWihYKCguzsbLCzLxKJ/vnnH7lcLhQKgUyCSCSWlpZisVgajQYcggkEQmFhIZ/PFwgEwBVYIpFwOBwikQiyqnQ6HWghKBSKWCzmcDigs0ZpaSmXy9WaTmCxWA6HM2vWrCVLlnQTBG/YsGHp0qXtDsbExOi+38TlcoFlb2ZmZm1tbWVlJZ1O53A4QPeMwWCArJnH4xGJxOrqahCjl5SUMJlMDAZTWFhYXFwsFArRaLRYLJbL5QQCgclkAhMMcN/4fD7IhYPUOMgQy+Xyuro6NBq9Y8eOcePG+fv7d2xuyefzlyxZMmLEiD///NPd3V3HbxQXF7dgwQIWi9X2YFhY2NmzZ0+cOAEsLI4ePert7e3g4LB3796bN29isVjda1acnJwiIyMDAwPj4+MPHDjQfRcSDw8PBEGePn2q4+AQCORfiVqtXrt2rb4eBYmJiWZmZj2+fOPGjZ3WMwC2b9++a9cuHYficDiWlpa6VAA3NzdbWlp2tfvXG16/fj1//vx3kv9B+hoYBOuNuro6f39/V1fXdgbAN27cOHLkSKcBolgsrqysbGvvcvny5REjRixatOjRo0fA/IFAIJSXl+PxeCB1oNPpdDodhULx+Xw6nU4kEisqKkQiEQ6HA5v7eDweOKNlZmaCkjgSiYRCoYAbGovFQqFQoHscFotFo9HA6QwEtXQ6vaCgAESHHA5HewlQGxcWFgINMZlM5nA4aDQaqCzwePzkyZMNDQ27CoI5HM6PP/64ePHitgexWKybm1tbg4Xy8vKuRlAoFIsWLRo5cuTjx48FAkFdXV15eTmVShWLxTKZjEqlgpcE4HMMUt1CoRBkuIVCIciOAzWzWCwG1YQgX06n0wkEglgsFggEFAqlqKiIy+USiUQul0uj0XA4HNCH8Hg8uVx+8eLFsWPHuru7t8sQVFRUEAiE7du3IwjyTmmPK1eurFq1qm2iNywsLDg4WKFQyOVybdiqVCrT0tJiYmKCg4MPHDgQGhp69+7dt/pMb9q06fHjxxcuXDh37lxCQkJX1mwAkUg0derUyZMn6yLngEAg/2JCQkL0la3Mzs42MTHpsQ35X3/9lZGR0fF4RUWFvb29hYXFuxYzCIVCUNACqsDRaDSZTG73LFUoFH/++afeQ1WlUjl16lRdvKEg/QkMgvVDcXGxp6fn8ePH2xkWPnnyxMXFpeM/1LKyMj6fX1FRoRUDyOVye3t7BEHWrl3LZDKrqqqEQiHYmpfJZHw+H4hxQXYWuJUxmUw2mw2OgxCZSCSC/4KuyEVFRaCxBZfLzcrKIhAI2igZRNi5ubmgJozNZhcVFQELYSqVCjLEBAIBeFCACFIoFBKJROAZDLrKkUgkhUJBo9E+//zzboLg2NjYEydOWFpaavet1Gq1u7t7O29asVjcqRyWx+MZGRkhCBIWFtbU1ITH44EeAywStLsD69Rmx4FgWigUgrCezWYrlcq8vDzQHCQvLw+oI4RCIQaD4XA4XC4XjUaDwkE8Hg/UI2QyOT8/HxT/MZlM8PeVkJAwYcIEW1vbBw8epKSkoNHoK1euLF++HDypvby8EAR5px7ImzdvNjIy0v5vk56e7uPj0835ZWVliYmJBw4csLe3v3PnTktLS1dnbt++/cWLF69evTp48CCPx9MWaHbFy5cvEQTZsGGD7ouHQCD/Pl69erVo0SK9NNARCoUrVqzoWRugxsZGCwuLjvaO6enphoaGHh4e2pKb7lEqlSgU6uLFi66urg4ODra2tqamphs2bDA3N1+3bh0wzXRzc9uzZ8/Bgwfj4uJOnjzp5OTUgwV3j5eXl5ubW19ILCC9AQbBeqC0tHTPnj3t+gBrNBoWi2VlZUWn09sdB42Ly8vLtUfodPrKlSuHDx/u7e3N5/NLS0vZbDaRSATJXTQaXVBQQKFQ6HR6UVERkUgE/d4EAgHI7AKVMAaDIRAIbDYbmD+AawsKCvLy8oDw982bN2g0uqysDCR9qVRqSUkJOBkEuKAeTiaTgRI6BoNRVFQEgmw8Hs9ms0H5HQaDUSqVIO6UyWS5ubmjR49esWJFp47lLBbL3t6ew+GYmZlp/b/weHzbHnIajaarvCaPx1u6dCmCIH5+fnK5vLi4WCaToVAokPEViUQ5OTngZYDBYIA6PyARAbeIzWbj8Xig9wUyaCKRyGazJRKJQqFAo9FAHAwcNjgcDpvNLiwsVCgUQqEwJycHvBJQKBSgSxEIBCqVytfXF0EQQ0PDFStWrFu37ttvvw0MDATBaHNzM2iooXvdg0KhWLhwoXaTrq6uzsnJSRd7eRaLdfz4cW9v707rQhobG01MTLKyssrLy+3s7IhEYlJS0lulFKGhoeBlQ8fFQyCQfx/V1dXLli1DoVC9H6q1tXXt2rWdVlO8leLiYnNzcw6Hoz3S1NQUFRVlZGSkixlleXk5BoN5/vz5oUOHfHx8bt++nZOTI5FIQI/Vurq62trampqa8vJyYJl//fp1Jyenv/7668svv7x161Z0dHRcXJy+mkjfu3fPyMhIx6gd0p/AILi3kMlkR0fHjt5YVVVVBw4cyM7O7nhJbm5u238MSUlJX3/99ZdffpmUlFRaWsrj8YCfA5PJBAEcCMJAgRqdTgcWvyB9C3bzmUymQqEAfeNYLJZcLgcpYdDRDSQ7Qa4XSHhBXhnkfblcLogXuVwuCKDZbDbIfeJwOFAxRqFQRCIRyJUWFhYSCAQejwecg3E4XFxc3JgxY3x9fTu9P+Hh4deuXdNoNFZWVgkJCeDglStXtMY3zc3NDQ0NneaApVLp4sWLEQT57bffJBKJSCRiMBhisRiktJVKJdBJk0gk4G0M4lQqlQos5LKzs0E+GHhiMJlMkUiUm5urvTO5ubkCgUAsFuNwOCCK4PF4IMMN7gMajS4qKgLOGDwej8fjUSiUJ0+eLFq0CFiyq9Xqp0+ftn0iNzQ0rFu3zsDAQHdRHRqNnjFjhjbhERYWlpaWpuO1KBTK0dHx1q1b7Y6r1epVq1bFx8drNBoPD49Lly6B/w26H62+vn716tXDhg3Ty+8/CATygbJly5bo6Gi9DLVp06YXL1704EI6nW5iYqINQwkEwoYNG7Zv3/5Wc7GcnBwCgRAXF/f8+XM8Hq+1HNUFoVD4559/UigUDw+PX3/9ddq0aZs2bUpMTHxr+V03iMXiX375pZsKP8gAAoPgXoFGo21tbV+9etXxo5MnT3bU4NfU1LTbvz5//jyCIDNnznz9+rVIJAJhHEjE0mg0AoEAdvO1LY5xOByDwQAWB1wuVywWg9qv3NxcOp0uFAqBYxroB0EgEEDjN9BLmUgkgggSjUYDqSsWixWLxUKhEORBCQRCXl4emUwGjeUIBAIwDObxeGC0/Px8Go0mFAqxWCxQF0gkknPnzg0ePLjTBhAKhcLFxQUU5Lq5uT169AjcBB8fH20inMlk/vPPPx2vbWxs9Pb2nj179uDBg6OjoysrK0tLS8ViMZFIlEgkMpkMjUYDtS6XywWex0AfDLLgUqmUy+Xm5+drDzIYDDKZLBAIgKIaRNXARkMikUgkEjKZzGQyJRIJeNPg8/kgu0wkEsvKyhgMBhaLFYlEV65cMTEx0b7GCAQCf3//tlltlUr166+/fv755x1N0LrCyclJKya+dOnS3bt3dbxQo9FIpdJt27a105a0tLSYmJi8fPlSpVI9ePBgyZIlNTU1JBLprZtxIpFoypQpc+fO1VfXKAgE8sFx9erVjn4+PcPKyqpnjmBEInHZsmUgPxIdHb1y5cq3jgM6FoENzI4VzLpw584dc3Nz8Ofq6up79+5ZW1uPGTNm/vz5x48f74G5r1qttre3DwkJ6cFiIP0ADIJ7DoiAU1JSOn6UmJh46NChtpqqxsbG5ubm0tLSto5gkZGRCIIsWbJEqVTW1taCbhQgZUskEplMJqjxwmAwKBSKy+XS6fQ3b96IxWI8Ho/BYHA4HJD/gvC0sLAQtLHQFslRKBSg68ViscAbGIfDAYtfUCIGTgA6Wj6fD3LAoAkzj8cDE4E8aGFhIfhUIpFQqVTQURm0WT537tzo0aMJBELH+5CWlqa1B46MjLx8+bJGo8nNzT19+jQ4qFar6XR6p8YFoaGhf/3116RJk+zs7MrLy0tKSqRSqVKppFAoQBsN8tZAAw3UINrqN1D6BtQdQNIAeovk5uYCgTV4ExCJRHw+HwhLcDgcKDosLy8Htw5oqUHuWSKRAO1EZWWlvb29g4ND26X6+vq2a35RWFg4cuTIDRs26GgAp1KpFi1aVFRUpNFonj9/3rGvXvcIBIK1a9cmJSVpj0gkkt9//z03NxeNRrNYLDMzs9evX9NotE47NrcjPj4eQZC+KI6GQCAfBDQabeHChSUlJb0f6uDBgxERET24kEqlrlq1Ki8vb8uWLdu2bet+I6uoqCg5ORl4XPZ0pRqNRmNjY9MxeyUSifz9/SdOnDhixAh3d/d38qyMiYkxNDTsTSIZ0qfAILiHZGRkbNiwodNdY7lc7uTk1K62lMvl8vn8tkf27t37ySefODo6AqUpn88vLy/n8/kgDUyhUGQyGej0BkrBgDa3rUWaQCDg8XiFhYVSqZROp5NIJBAiczic169fA4cEGo2Gx+OpVKpCoQA6YJD3BT01QJ4Yj8cTCAQCgUChUFgsFo/H43A4LBYLg8G8efOGTqeLRKLU1FRQFUehUID4WCgUFhQUcLlcGxubH374odO7tHfvXu1LQk5O5DlhygAAIABJREFUDtgPCg8P127fNzc3d1reGxMTA6yFx48fX1BQUFtbKxQKlUplcXGxtoczg8GgUqkpKSkMBgPINoDkF4StRUVFAoEAfBECgaA1SCaTySBJDBQUFApFKpWCUjkGgwG0EzQaDTglZ2dng0GAp7JQKCwpKXF2dvbz82u7WqlUmpaW1i7xEBERgSAIiPt1ITQ0FFRj0Gi0rhq8dUNOTs5ff/2lbW6XmZn5ww8/oFCoqqoqiURy48YNV1dXcMd0Gc3CwmLixInt7NsgEMhHQk1NjZGRkV528K9du3bw4MEeXMhgMCwtLSMjI4OCgrqqAG5ubi4pKblw4QL4tdW7lWo0Gk1OTk5XOuDS0tJz587NmTPn559/Pnz4sC7VfjQabd68eXl5eb1fGKSPgEFwT0Cj0evXr++0+YVGozl69Gjb7ezm5uZ2PRE0/18FsXbt2pKSktLS0ry8vKKiImBbi8PhaDQakUgkEomZmZlMJhPIc8lkMp1Op9FooGkFkUjMz88XCoUymQxEpWKxGOQygYYYeJkBHzEgsQC5XpDBBVEviUQC9mEgPQy0EEKhEEiQQVo6Ly8PNJXIy8vDYDB4PF4mk2GxWDqdDvKjEydOXLhwYcf7gMVi16xZ0+4NuKmpycPDQ/tQoFAo7dLAmZmZ7u7uR44cef369ejRo11cXOrr61UqFdDpkkgkoFEG+V0QvIJ0OOhvl5+frxWBgOYgIOIHGW7wSgBeM0pKSshkMsgfaysFgWewdmQ6nZ6TkwO0yBQKBfTgMDU17aj3lcvlOByurdigqalp2bJlX3/9tY6ZCbFYPH/+fDwen5WVlZycrMsl7YiKitq7dy9YQ2pq6rRp0woLCzUaDei2bWxsnJ+fT6FQdMlJkEikIUOGwO72EMhHy549ewIDA3s/TmJiYg9a0OXm5q5evXr27NndnNPc3Hz16lWQp+jFAnWCwWAkJSXdunUrIiJi6tSpCIKMHj06IiKi+wafW7Zs6VkWHNJvwCD4nSkoKJg/f36nOmCNRpOVleXr66sNhurr60HJWttzjhw5MmzYsKCgIKlUyufzQbs4KpWKRqOlUimIgzEYTF5eHsh30mg0NBqNwWBA0AaUrBwO582bN6Dwi0gkFhQUsFgsmUyWk5OTl5cHWmwAG2CxWMzlclEoFOiLAcYnkUhAQgCEDcA+AugxQK81IA+g0WjaczgcDtAhsFgs0CtOIBDcvn170KBBHh4eHW/FmTNnDhw40O4gk8l0dXUFgW95eXlubq5WTdvU1LRv3z4rK6tHjx5VVVWtXLly5MiRWCxWIpGAWB/UBTKZTC6Xi8FgQIoaZHOBJTDQBwPdMMiv5+bm5uXllZaWUqnUoqIiFosFsuPp6elyuRwEtUD2AHLGQCgM/i64XC6LxZJKpUD1wWKx0Gh0YmLikiVLOrYdam5uJhAIFRUVbQ/icDgEQbZs2aLj/1r79u3bt28fDofrWc/6xsZGU1NT4EOZlZX1008/gSAYg8EAHTZIYPP5/Lcqg1tbW01MTBAE6VTt00vAbQcSbZA+b2lpAR1h9LL9CoFAes/Tp083b97c+3Hy8/MtLS27aaXUDoVCcfjw4TVr1ri4uJiamnb1sGIwGAkJCSKRSPeRe0ZJSYmvr+/WrVt9fX1DQkIiIiJOnTp15MiRVatWGRgY/PTTT5GRkZ3KzK5evbpu3ToohHjPgUHwuyEQCJYuXXr27NlOP1UoFLa2tjQaTXsEbEa3Pefy5csgMFKpVCqVik6nk8lksVgMHBtANwoSiQS25kEwCnpSaJW+IB0LkpdFRUV5eXmgWRoKhWKxWAqFAmSRQZdgENcCu4nc3NycnJyioiLQJILH4ykUCgaDwWKxgLMYj8cDBXYgY4rFYkHMjcVic3NzgVICg8Gkp6cLBAKg0PDx8UEQpKOIqra21tvbG4hc25KTkxMUFAT+LBaLyWSy9qPw8PCdO3eCrajU1FQEQbZt2wZywHQ6HfgWA5sLkKJms9lAtQy+BRaLBdEqHo8H4gdwEMidKRQKSI2DRDKXywWpd9BumkQigTAaNEwGIS/otyyXy0GSWKFQiMXi69evm5mZdSrhqKmp6bjt5e/vjyBIuw6CXYHFYufMmUOj0XrspJOamurs7NzS0pKWljZ9+nRwe6uqqvh8vlgstrGxkcvlMplMF6/KkydPIgiyfv365ubmni2mU8rKyhYvXjxhwoTp06d/9tlnJ06caGlpOXr06BdffIEgyNy5c3E4nB6ng0D6jYaGBiaT2e5N+MNFqVSamJh03MZ8V9hs9ooVK5RK5VvPbG1tvXPnzpo1a9zd3UFuyMzMrOPzp7m5OTU19f79+72U/+oCn8+3trYODAzsNOOLwWAcHR0RBFmwYEG7hzyRSFywYAEej+/rFUJ6CQyC3wGpVGpkZBQVFdXVCWFhYVeuXNH+yOPx2vmNX7p0ycDAwMPDAzT7BV5jUqkUBJ1SqRSFQmljOC6Xm5mZCcJiuVxeWFgIvHuBsBVYQABhA9Dy4vF4oJcF0So4GVhGAOtfIpEIlBIg9wnCaNByGcR5YAQymQy6yoEjKBQKmBaDEjQmkwnksyCft3DhQgRBtH5nWrBY7K5duzrW5z548ODYsWPgz9pfGHV1dV5eXjt37gTPu9bWVhsbmyFDhrx8+bKurg54k2EwGBD4EolEEJICtTSZTFapVKCHM+iKnJeXBxQOZDJZIpGA1noZGRmg6XRhYSGIj4HdG8j+otFo0DMZjUaDZnIymYxAIAAFhUAgAIlhqVQaGRnp5eXV6d9+a2trfHw8cMDQUlVVNW3aNBMTE13izpaWFiMjI29v77ee2Q3Hjx/n8XiZmZlz5swBv3iam5ufPn1aXl5+8uTJrpzsOpKcnIwgCIIgPRAod4NcLp82bdrXX3+dl5dnaWn56aef3rhxY+jQoYGBgQQCYfLkyZs3b4Z+8pAPkd27dxsYGLyTtct7zubNmzu6f74rcrl8xYoVQqGw+9NwOJyFhcWKFSu0ZpHp6emrV69u9zRQq9Wurq6bN2/W78t5V+zZs2f37t3dn5OZmfnHH3+MHDnyxIkT4Ehzc/OyZcu06R7I+wwMgnWloaHB1ta2G4F/bm7u/v37tdu75eXlIpGo7S5JSkrK0KFDN23aJBKJQE0baEhGoVBQKBRQnVIoFFCAhcFgCgsLQeO3/Px80M0BRKU4HA64FqSlpYEsMoVCAQ1+QRSIwWAoFAqbzQbSYSqVCuStIKQDCU6Q7gV5UAwGI5PJgHMwiPmYTGZ2djaIs4EcAgSC2dnZQJ9QVFQEktPTp09HEOT27dvt7sbt27fPnDnT8S7duHEjICBAo9GUlJSA0JnBYFhZWR0+fFibXkWhUJ988omrq2tpaalQKCwuLgbKBD6fLxQKgcADhLZYLBbUQxCJRJlMBlLaoLEFEA2LxWImkwksMrSCaR6Ph0KhgP4B3D1QZQhajQAD5szMTBaLxeVyQbNosVgM/jqOHj3aTUO4ioqKM2fOtJMQXL9+HUEQHX+XnD9//uuvv+7ULkNHnj9//vLly7t37/7www/FxcXaW/ro0SOZTLZixQodUzsqlWr+/PmDBg1avHhxz8yGuhp2ypQpy5cv12g0t27dQhDExMRkyJAhQGHi5OQ0d+7cvt7fhEB6SVNT0/PnzwsKCp4+fXr9+vXGxkYCgTBixIgJEyakpqYO9Or0xtmzZ21tbXs5SFVVlampaTe7YWVlZcePH1+6dOnp06fb/ttPTU1t1725oaHBx8fHxcWl33RTTk5Oujy6Gxoazpw589VXX61atYpGo0VFRZmamsLn2AcBDIJ1JTg42Nrauqu3z+bmZjc3N61PVkNDQzvjCDKZPHr0aGNjY5VKBQrLQBkciGuZTCaQ9qLRaBwOx+fzQbALFLog5YnD4dLS0nA4HFA+AM9gYBsMEskFBQUgi0wikYAjBNjop9FoILsJ/gB6XgAnNRAug8tBBwoKhYLFYkEu+c2bN6CvBJFIBFIE4AiBQqFAGO3t7f3LL79YW1u3zX8Ddu3a1WlJLIVCsbOzq6mpYTAYoJ3PihUrtI5pgC1btgwdOvTVq1eVlZXFxcWgMg/kcYGyGZTxYTAYIHcGRWwSiQS8QgCniLy8PHDrQEUgqBQkEAjABhhIR8rLy4GyAjQQARl3iUQCXg+4XC4wxACd58hkcm5urru7e6cNULSUlpb6+/u37XdfW1v7/9j7zrim7rDtg1IrWrWKWle1tWqtWuus1SpuQEUFLDJdFQe4EPdW3KJVq1asYkWt27oHyg6QnZANIWQnQMIGZUnyfrje57x5mRHteFquD/7I8XCSHJJz7v99X2PAgAGDBg2y5pqoVCo/++yzS5cuNbhnXVCpVMePHz98+HDXrl1JmfOrV6/OnDmTk5Nz4sSJFStWWHMck8kUHBw8duzYVq1aMZnMRr+easjOzv7iiy/69u2rUqmCgoJatmx55MgRgiDOnDmj0Wi+/fbbadOm1ZMF3YQm/BPw+vXr/v37t2zZ8pNPPiEI4sCBA/gYt2rV6q1S0//hSEpKGjZs2LsTPLy9vcPDw2v9r9jY2PHjxy9atKhmtOrz58/nzJljuWXevHkLFiyw0neyJvLy8tLS0m7evBkSEuLv7z9lyhQHB4cJEyY4ODg4OzsHBwefPXs2JiZGrVaT5IeNGzdu3LjRyuNTqdQvv/zyk08+GTJkSDUaZBP+sWgqgq3ClStXxowZo9Fo6tohNjZ29erVKJFzcnKqeazweLzevXv37duXzWbr9XqwgVF3kvUlfG1R79JoNOQDM5lMlKQajSYhIeHRo0cajUYsFiclJSUlJaE8pdFopFQuOTkZGjsyTI40UmCxWIhf5nK5oNjCDiwtLQ09UYFAALIsk8nE/4IRgS4sCLUGg0Eul3O5XHRPBwwY4O7uvnPnzp9++sny/WZmZvr6+taVtnD48OFdu3a5urrOnj3b1dW1Wk3JZrNtbW3nzp2r0+nKysp0Oh060/CYS0xMBGEaNAZESUskkvT0dKSEkLU+Up2RKgKLNPhagOyh1WpBDgaBRKVSJScny2QyPFdqaiqOxufzc3NzeTweg8GAacaUKVMaNInUarVbtmyxpDvfvXuXIIhaW+M14evrO3Xq1EZ3ESorKxUKxfLly+3t7S3ZOBwO5+effzaZTMuWLbNG7lZZWblixYrTp0+3adMmODi4cS8GSE9PJ7Whubm5w4cPR0BM8+bNg4OD8/PzAwICWrZs2b9/f3t7+7okp01owj8HpaWlAwYMGD16tEQicXJymjRpUkZGhp2d3dKlS9/j2ORvx+vXr6dPn/7uRmnLly+vyQ2Qy+WLFy/u3LlzTTYdwOPxTp48ST7cuHGjt7d3rXqM+u3P09LS9u7d+8MPP3z66acEQTRv3rxr165ffvmlg4PDjBkzZs2a5evr6+LiMnjw4Pbt2xME8eGHH/bv33/p0qWPHj2i0+leXl61PmmtUCqVXbp02bJlS13mUU34p6GpCG4YKSkpo0aNqqnxssTu3buRDPnmzRuEkpP/lZGRgZ5BTExMTk4Og8GQy+UqlQr2Zwgqo9PpCoWCwWAglBi2XyD+JicnMxgMPp+v0+kgqEdWHKb8CD2Oj4/n8XjQ2KWkpLDZbDQ44SsM1+H4+HiwAnQ6HQzOFAoF6ma9Xq9Wq/HsODgc2WDNBh8GrVZLo9GQtZGdnc1kMlHYnTt3bseOHdVYIhQKpR7u6Zs3b7Zt2zZs2LAHDx6QuXEkFi9eTBBETExMeXk5fCFycnLYbHZsbCyEaywWCzwNpVIJnwpYvyFRD/VxamoqGroIfAZHQiQS5ebmMplMhN6RG7EnpIFon8tkMuSJpKamZmRkiEQitN6pVOqcOXOsyZtITk6eP38++TEwmUxubm69evWyJsDz2bNnnTp1stLQty54eHgMGTKk2sarV6/GxcVxOBxnZ2drNCWHDh2KjY319vbu1auX9bcBElVVVSkpKYGBgUOGDEGAs9lsLioqGjhw4Lhx4x49evTkyRM0dd68eRMXF3ft2jVLUWkTmvCPxevXrwcOHAh9iJ+fn6Ojo16vb9Wq1bp16/7ul/aesW7dumqTusYdZPPmzeTD/Pz80NDQUaNGjR07tn///vHx8Q0e4eDBg7NmzarWGpBKpRcvXvTx8XFwcKjZYigpKXn8+LGTk1Pr1q0JgujZs6e3t/eFCxfodLpOp6vZ3i4qKpLL5S9evDhy5IiDg8PHH39MEMSIESO6d+++adMmK98pXg+bzW7ZsuWCBQsaLXFuwl+GpiK4AWRnZw8dOvTAgQP17COTyTZu3IjvJ4/Hs/zc5+bmjhkzxtbW9vr16zk5OQUFBSDXslgsjOmlUikqTjKLGG64sCQTiUR8Pp9KpcKtlsViUSgUkFOFQiGVSgXbQSKRwDWMz+fHx8fD0QwtZHSFRSIRCK9wyUUHGoxhyPLgCiyRSEAzAKcWjVKkzQkEArSuYTMsEon8/f3btGmj1+t37dq1fft2yxNy9epVsuipFXfu3Kk1FO3Jkye2trbBwcGvXr0CqZrP5zOZTI1Gg/MAK1+S5AD/BzhdpKSkcDgco9GIaGiUs3K5HDsolUqFQpGcnIy6lk6nQ+enVCrBFcFpR3lNmksgthrH4XK5a9euXbJkiTUfm2vXrhEEQUoAzWYzi8UiCOLw4cMN/u6rV68GDhxovYKtJnQ6Xbdu3Q4ePFhte15e3o4dO9LT0+/evTt//vwG69pbt24lJSXFxMQQBPFW1sVFRUVXr151cXGZNGnShg0b4uPjSR5RaWnpiBEjpk6d+lbvqAlN+EehuLi4e/fuYWFhZrPZzc1typQpWq22ZcuWdalm//fiyZMnXl5e78hQOnLkCMnujYqKmjx5sq+vLxiDHA5nwoQJ9fvnPHnyxMHBQafTVVVV4b7w4MGDFStWzJw5MyQk5PHjxwkJCdOmTSMHsPn5+cePH+/Xr1+LFi0GDhx49uxZBoNRv6FvTWg0mnv37k2bNq1ly5Yw9bckudUKNpv99ddfgzx28eLF7t27kw//yTCZTH+NyvCfiaYiuAFs3Lhx2bJl9V8Crly5AkVwbm5uUVER+XmqrKz09PQkCCI0NLSgoECj0XA4HFAX1Go1SAUikQh9RyixdDodhUKJj49PT09XKBSw9UW6L41G4/F4yD9LTk6WSCQajSYpKQktTGxHzxi03ZSUFNgjMBgMdDfR2kTXWSqV0ul0ZE+AX6FSqeCGBjuIzMzMxMRE+E7AZBf2YUwmEz3sL7/8cv78+ThF1fSzO3furCf4t6qq6tChQzVjlsGd7dixI2gYcrk8Ly9PLpdTKJTU1NTc3FwkwoOvjIJeLpcbDAaRSISsCvA6JBJJVlYWsi3IHDhYRojFYiTJgRXN5XLxR4FaDsCaBHwSnAqcN61Wu3Llyl9++cWaj41cLu/Tp0+7du1IF3eTyeTu7t6rV6+6WCKWWLt27ccff9yI5ivAYDBatGiRmJhY87+kUumJEydMJlNYWNjcuXMtORs1ERERER8fn5+f36lTJyurf4VCcfz4cWdn57Fjx4aEhNQ0VDabzWw2+59/Y2hCE+pBYWFhr169Tpw4YTabFyxY4OLiolarbW1tg4KC/u6X9p5hNBqdnJxqEnbfCgwGw8vLi8ViBQYGOjs7V9MO3rt3z9/fvy4aCZfLHThw4OjRo729vT09PT09PefPn7958+a7d++Sg7XExEQodsrLy48fP969e3cbGxs3N7cXL168e3knEAh27tzZuXNngiCmTZtWVylcXl4+e/Zsy4Z0RkaGq6try5YtV65cac0M8O9CVVXV264Q/k1oKoLrw9mzZ6dPn15/LVJRUREUFMRms81mc7UR8/79+wmC8PPzS09PLy4u1mg0qampMNtCK1csFsfFxaHbCocv1GrgsGo0mqysLCaTyWAw1Gq1Wq1OS0uDZQG0dAKBAAa3+BeMCKlUihYyTM1gJYG2MWgAGRkZiYmJHA5HpVLBEUKr1ep0uoSEBLB+xWJxcnJyenp6Wloa6pW0tDSyXodFw6lTp+zt7UF7WrduXbX+x759++phRJWXlx88eLAmqeC3334jCOL06dNmszk/Px++FuBspKengxhNp9MpFApS9Gg0GqgaUqk0ISEBywYmk0mj0TQaDd4dj8eDGTOVSkVIHpzpYEJJpVIRiaxSqXQ6HfzgYB4H5jROF0L1FArFwoULrZncAXPmzCEIwrKhy2AwbG1ta3oq1wSFQrG1ta3HjK9+7N69u3///nUJqGNjYw8dOmQ0Gs+fP+/k5LRp06ZqWXckLl26FBMTU1VV5ejo2LNnz2p+f5YwmUwxMTELFy4cM2bMkiVL7t69W15e3rgX34Qm/PPx5s2b1NRUfMXA2iorK4uPj6+Wi/TvgJeXV03/n7cCn893cXEJDw9ft25dreXgokWLhEJhze05OTlTp069du2aQqGIi4uDJrsmiW7Pnj0HDhzIy8tzcXEhCGLKlCnJycnv8oJrQq/XHz9+HDpIV1fXmh47lZWVycnJNe9rp06dat++/eeff37+/PlamwJN+HvRVATXCRaLNXr06AZbVpmZmevWrRMIBJmZmZbbEffg5uaWkZGRk5OjVCrRU5RKpWQ5K5PJNBrNy5cvUZJCs8VkMmFYC/aqTqcDJSAnJ0elUqF9CysJdEYlEglCMdAlRUMXjduUlBQmkwnKBPivyErAdijnEISBEjA6OhoMgfT0dAqFgvgMgUAAS2AOh4PiODs7e8aMGcOHD8cie/369dWK4DNnzpBejzWhVCqXLl1abaPRaBwwYMDkyZNlMllBQQEov6hcyf6uWq1GbhwZlgF2NepggUCg1+thnUY6XZAmD2iBw2WZtDrG+gG8YUj9kpKSYCVBGk3AgBneEe7u7tbkxQNPnjwhCKJ79+4GgwFbTCbTd999N3bs2AbVzW/evJkwYUKPHj3q0WLWhVevXvXu3bvmGbZEfHz8ixcv8DaPHDni4uIyf/78ly9fViuFt2zZApna4sWLP/roo1pv8Hq9/uzZs7NmzZowYQK8ft/2BTehCX8x8vLy6lnRNaEa9u7da+UgqCbKyspOnjw5ZsyYIUOG1ONrtmbNmnPnzlXbWFVVtXDhwvq5iMD+/fu///77vn37fvHFF48ePWrcS7UG2dnZhw8ftre3b9Wq1dKlS61M68jIyPD394eD3u7du6vp5pvw96KpCK4dBQUFzs7O1qTXyuXyZcuWcTgcvV5PbpTJZL169WrXrh2DwcjLyyssLESQW0ZGBpvNBhGCw+EgCwO2ZYhqg+UtKjk+nw+6KjRzcApDVQcrA1TJsH0AU0KpVMIqAfxX/ExajIFZi6Q0FotFpVJhTgz+MaptPClKT3SjZTIZrNaoVCqazffv32/WrBmp2w0ODq5Gh/j55595PF5dZ+z27dv+/v7VNoaEhNjY2CDgVyaT5eTkkMUomtkajUan06Wlpel0OqPRiMZ2fn6+UCgEXQGex5mZmeh8g9IgFos5HA6VSoU3M4VCAT8YfW6hUKhUKsHSxkZwP4RCoV6vT0tLS0xMBGlYq9VevXp13rx5b2XacPjwYUdHR0u7g1OnTrVr184ap9779+8TBIGg47fC48ePmzVrVpfg2hJCoRDWHPn5+devX58yZcrKlStTU1PLy8urqqoUCsXs2bNB5wgNDbW1ta3W3ReJRDt37hw+fPjUqVPDw8OtSYRqQhP+duzcudPe3t5Kq5YmmM1mJpPp7OzciIn548ePZ8yY4eXlde3atRkzZtSzQt65c+fvv/9ebePFixcDAgKsic65fPkyQRCDBw9+Rz2xlUhNTV22bJmdnV23bt0iIiKsnHqhVLC3t//ss89u3LhhNptNJlPTxOxvR1MRXDuWLFni6+trzZ75+fkzZ8605PVXVlb6+/sTBHH27NmqqiqtVgsGKirg5ORkEG1lMllcXFx0dDSSfikUCowj9Ho9WLDoHDMYDLgWxMfHw1QYFAW49oIEDINh8CsYDAaLxZLJZNC9gTkAGjGHwwGxOCMjA5IvNDtRRCKdGFKzlJQUpVLJ5XJRFFIoFFSiYGWMGzfuk08+IX0Qg4KCLEPOXr16dfTo0Xo6ptu3b9+xY4flFo1G061bN29v74KCgqysrNzcXCR05ObmwtoiPT39559/PnfuXEpKSlxc3KlTp2JiYsBsTktL4/F4oPAiWRphyDjhcEaDFhDcBrTMMzIyUPump6fn5OSkpaVFRUUplUok89FoNERm4LfAId6zZ08jpN9KpfLs2bPklU6v13fu3PnIkSMN/mJ5efmkSZPatm37VrGlxcXFY8aM6dy5s5XNBksRZ35+fkRExJIlS1avXr1x48Zx48aNGDECd6CkpCQyHLu0tPTOnTvz58+fPHnykiVLXr582XQdb8LfArFYHBYWFh0dfeTIEXL8HRsbe/DgwXv37pGD6bi4uLCwMBCZUlNTO3Xq1LNnT+wPaUSTpWv9qKiomDp1av3+SNWQnJzs4+Pj4uJC5k0uWLCgHo7cpk2bqvk2RkVFjRkzxrK1VBfEYvGnn35qvZFZSUkJJpxoAMGtH3dPtVptfQwHn8/38/Nr3rz50KFDrY/VlMlkS5Ysadas2apVq9hs9vTp02fOnHny5MkXL15gxqtWq9Hx0Wg0RUVFTfGZfzaaiuBacP/+/WHDhllJ3wEdPi4ujtxCp9MJgvD19VWpVLm5uSjLmEymVCrV6/UikYjNZlOpVBaLBcHZkydPUIlCEKbVasF/AB1WIBBQqVTwEBD/i8oPJGA+nw9jYFBdkaKMKDV0UpOSknQ6nUQiSU5OptFoOCYIvqBkxMXFpaenw3yNRqPBNhjREqmpqSDm0ul0qVQKzVxsbGyrVq0sqa6hoaGWD2FBoFAo6jpjy5cvt/QVrqys9PPz69ChA4VCefXqVXZ2Nt4XjJPT0tJycnKeP3/+wQcfDBv/KoLeAAAgAElEQVQ2DGYdBEEcP34cJ1Mmk2VlZSmVSrSB0fGFqTAiM3Q6ncFggEcEMqVTUlIUCgUiSxAUkp6eDnkcvIFRT/N4PHAtWCyWQqFwdXVtXIJoeHi4pR3PypUru3XrZs009sWLFzY2NmPHjrVeIbd3716CIMj0zkagoqKCTqfDJ8jDwwMbU1NTW7Ro4evre+HCBScnp/Hjx588edLKUWATmvAn4ffffycIomPHji1btmzVqlVycvLly5ebN2/epUuXZs2arVmzxmw2h4aGEgRha2tLEMSFCxdCQkIQaXHnzp2IiAh7e/sWLVp8/vnnUVFRf/e7ec8QCoW//PLL9evXS0pK3v1ogYGBVoaApKamrlu3bvz48fv377d86sDAwDt37tT6KyaTaefOnZY33KysrClTpty6davBp+NyuT169HB3d6/fjKykpCQqKmr37t1Q5k2YMMHDw8PNzW3YsGFTpkxxdXWdNWuWp6fnkiVLZs+eHRgYuG/fvt9//10kEjVoi/HHH3989dVXBEGsX7++1nZArVXsnTt3OnXqNGfOnPv37+/evdvPz2/SpEkTJ050cXHx9PQcP378xIkT586dO3/+/AULFqxevfrQoUPnz59PT09v8IS8F1RUVMCANTk5uX7x9L8ATUVwdRgMBkdHR2vSBEjcvn1727Zt5EM3N7fWrVtDfcXhcJA3weFwyOhjgUAAJ2CwHSgUCmn+BQ8vuB8goyEzM5NOp7NYLKxckRIH1gSc0ZKSkhITE0nzB4QGJyYmslgssGbR0cTOCMiAbQKeFAU0XpVQKEQdDFdg6PPQV5ZIJCBsBAcHf/bZZ5bfxsuXL1vStuRyub+/f11LiNzcXAcHB8s1Axy4li9fXlxcDLIHn8/X6/WgKUskEr1eHx0dbW9vP378+L1799rY2BAEcevWLYQqCwQCaNcQe5GdnQ3rNBAe4AcMqgOoEeCKwPkhJycHpb9UKs3JyYGzck5ODvzmJBIJlgSQD06fPp1Go73FJ+l/kJSUREYJms3myMjIFi1awE6kQRw6dIggiJUrV9a/W0FBQWJi4oYNGzATfC/MhOvXr0+fPh0/P3nyxMbGpl+/fvPmzXtft9UmNOEdcenSJZS2UqnUzs7Ow8Pj6NGjrq6ujx49+uqrrwYOHCgWi9u1a+ft7a3RaHx9fVu3bs3hcD799NOgoKCcnJx27doNHz78999/t7Oz+zeFddPp9OXLlzs7O8+dO7dHjx53795992Nev37dx8en/n2EQuGOHTtcXFx2795dU/22a9euaplKJHQ63bJlyyzpFhs2bDh06FCDr0qj0fTu3XvWrFn1lKoSiWTbtm0TJkyYPn368uXLjxw5cuHCBTAJKRQKpohxcXGRkZF8Pp/FYiUmJt68eXPdunXjxo0bM2bMhAkTwsLC6u9ZvHr1as+ePQRB1PRfLykpodPptRpfcDicrl27BgQE4GFZWVlOTo5er8/MzARJDxIXLpf79OnTEydOeHt7Ozg4/Pjjj+9d81cTGRkZ4HN26tTJzs7uwoULf/Yz/o1oKoKrIzg4GC0Ea6BQKAoLC0tLS7dt27Z169bs7Oxff/2VIIjAwED0GtEGptPpmL9AiMbhcHQ6nUqlio+Pz8rKysrKEolEYO5qtVqRSJScnIw+LmgMQqEwKSmJQqGIxWKwY9EeRhYGdGDoiWK+r9frZTJZYmIiisKEhAQYUKhUKrFYTCbMMZlMuCKAdAEHMVA1ED/B4/F4PB4S15DNxmaze/XqNW/ePMuTcO/evWPHjpEPeTyes7NzXeN4gUDQrVu3ly9f4rL16tWrkSNH9u/fPz09vaSkBIwFMD2MRqNQKCwqKkJAxqeffvrdd9/5+fkRBNGnT5/Y2NjXr1+rVCqMsVJSUmCBjkIfZxjVPLw4YAaHd4QMPPS5ESCCZjCWFjAnhvQQdmwcDiciImLKlCmNKy41Gs2ZM2fIh0ajsUuXLnCXswYBAQFYJNRcV1RVVen1+vDw8HHjxhEEQRDE119/LZVKG/Eia+LmzZvjx49/8eLFjz/+6ODgsHHjxreahzahCX82rly50rx5c7h39evXb8qUKffu3fv2228dHR27dOkyfvz4e/fukRbXVCoVKTxffvnljh07BAIBQRBffPHFzJkz+/XrN27cOOvn4JYoLS198eKFNb6HfwGKi4u3bds2evTos2fPZmdnl5SUfPXVV42bX1WDSCT6/vvv6/L5gjp82LBh+/btq6v9cfXq1brUdWw2e9GiReQiJD4+ftSoUQ2Ov0pKSkaMGDFy5Mi6dMY6nW758uX9+/f38PCIiYkRCAQVFRX5+fkIbcUkkMvl4iYCq3iDwYB7H+hwNBrtwoULqIYbDAp98eLFRx991LFjR3KqYDKZrl+/btnxqQY+n29vb2/ZQasfKpXq9OnT48aNc3JyqtUB831BLpfb2dmNHj2aTqdDcfgvFpI2FcH/H54+fTp69GjrJfn5+fn46hYUFBw7dmzDhg0dOnRo2bJlZGSkwWAQCAQ6nS4lJQVMXPBcxWIxk8lMSkoC6wClKrIekGGB8hSBFyC8MpnM5ORkEBjgioCpPSRx6FYKBAI2m42aGFWsSqXi8/kUCkUmk8nlcjqdTqfT8SzwQFAqlbm5uaihZTIZCuXU1FQWi4VDoW0MnRw8dM+cOdO8eXMKhWJ5Ep4/f+7l5UUOfbhc7tSpU+uqF1NSUrp06YLokNzc3KCgoGbNmt28ebOoqIjMSb5///7NmzexFE5LSzMajc+ePevTp8+4ceNYLFaLFi0CAwOLi4uLioqw0khPT+fz+ZC1gesMNjOMOFQqFRYJsDyDyU52djZOGngX6enppEAQMRxsNhsRygwGIysr69ChQx4eHo0LRC0uLr5x44blLdbR0XHUqFFWdp7Ky8tXrVrVvHnz1q1bjx49+ocffvDx8fH19fX19R08eHDHjh1R/vbr12/Xrl10Ol0gEMTFxT158uTWrVs//fTT0aNHQ0JCtm7deuHChWoGJvUAiaZdunSZN2/eoUOHNBrN5s2b62rkNKEJfwsghzp48GBMTIytra2vr2+/fv169+7NYrHGjh07YsQIBoPxwQcfrFix4vXr12vXriUIgkKhfPnll8uWLROLxQRBzJw5UyAQhIaGHjx4sHG3eYPBMHny5H8Cq/jWrVsODg6zZs0iPX3/+OOPzp07k1bl74KKioopU6bU5DNkZmYePnx46tSpYLjWc4QnT54sWrSo1v86ffq0Za5QYGDgzp07G3xJ69ats7Ozq1UJV1lZGRYW9s0337i5uf3+++95eXnw6dfr9Xl5ebD+lEqlNBqNy+XqdDryvomGCMya9Hq9VquFUHvcuHE9evRocD7MYrGGDx/epk0bZEUlJyevXr26/s/VsWPHbGxsqr2LioqKnJwcg8FgNBrz8vKqVfkGgwGK5F9//bXBs9Q4SKXSFi1aoDo/evRo69at8/Ly/qTn+tvRVAT/PxgMhmnTplnjCAHULIkyMjI6deo0efLk4uJitVqNwhek0oyMDNSX8OSiUqkkARdyNzABEhISQD8gq1XwcsioNrQzdTqdUqkUCoVMJhP0CVTPiBHm8/nJycnwu01MTJTL5YgOhr4tPT0dB0TcBopsjUYD1m9qaqrBYODxeMnJyehhMxgMHo+n1+szMjIGDBjg5uZW7Tv58OFDS9svLpc7Z86cur4zcXFxXbt2ffDggUajOXv2rI2Nza5du0wmk0KhuHHjxsmTJ+fOnfv5558vXrxYoVDk5OQg3pnNZnfq1MnZ2TkvL699+/bu7u4ajUYulyMUA67JKSkp6GTDKk4qlaK0xdUNpw6lLVq8OCdkuQ/9olarBaUYNTH0c0ajceHChe8iJ8f6h3wYFhY2ePDgtzLKiYmJWbVq1aBBgz755JOPP/7Y1ta2ffv2LVu2bNGiRefOne3s7L755hsvLy8vLy+4Ebm4uLi7uy9cuHD37t0hISEhISEuLi5jx449depUPe7xVVVVkZGRW7dunTJlyrx588LDw8lKfeTIkVZKRZvQhL8GN2/ebN26NdaB3bt3p1AoUCR36dLlo48+6tChQ1FR0caNGwmCaN++PbxWysvLO3fu7OXlVVVV5ePjQxDEV1991aJFi0YHNGZkZDg5ORmNxvf71t4KYrF4wYIFw4cPt/SE0Wg0Y8aMCQwMfF/PsnTp0uXLl5MPhULhmjVrvv7668DAQGtoo8+fP3d3d6/1v5YvX07GZyiVSjc3twa78pGRkQRB1Mr0YLFY33333YQJExISErKysiDFKSwsRDAqrvbQiuh0OtwgMjIyYmJicLeFWZNarc7IyIiOjmaz2fDODwoK6tmz56VLl+p/YTk5OZjLRUdHnzt37uzZs/XvX1RU1Lt3b3K4mp2dvXjxYkdHR2dn56CgoH379h07duzZs2d0Ol2v11teurlc7vjx4xcuXFjTNfndwefzbW1tEfLn6+trb2//L85/biqC/x/Amrdy5zdv3pD+ryRu375NEERYWBgG+ujvgn4ESgMKXJSVsP4WCoUYytNoNJB9QRSG661EIpFIJMg5E4lEsbGxSUlJIDPAxgEKtqSkJJR9bDY7NjYWQrfExESVSqXRaFCCo6mMRXB2drZEIsE6GMZqcBxDJhx808AkRisU15GjR4/a2trWnInfv3+/T58+pBIuJSXF29u7rm/mo0eP2rVrd//+/dOnT9vZ2fXs2fPKlSvr1q0bNWqUg4ODp6fn0aNHYRInFosNBgPWCSwWq3PnzpMnT46KiiIIYvHixZmZmSqVCsUrk8lMSUnR6XRQHIIlDIMIzLbS09M1Gg2TyRQIBCBPY4kCSjG6yBwOJzU1Fbo66AtxGsGWdnR0vHfv3lt8mP5/gHVNPuTxeG3btm0Ew7iwsNBgMED/l5mZqdVqNRoNTgVOFPgtBoOhpkTjzZs3z58/d3Nz8/PzqylbzMnJCQ8Pd3Z2njJlyqFDh2Qymclk2rZtG+lg7+TkNH369Mb1wpvQhD8Dd+/e7dChQ0RERHh4OExUCgsLL1y4cPnyZTab/fjx49evX5eVld28eXPz5s3Xrl0DBevu3bsI/SopKQkLC1u9enVYWFijae5xcXGenp5/1/dCo9Fs2bJl9OjR69atIxfVKpVq8+bNvXr1srW1TUpKel/PFRsbO3ny5IKCgvv37y9dutTBwWHp0qXWRz8KhcKpU6fWJFTo9XpfX19y+5YtW7Zv317/oXJzc/v27VuTXFFeXr5r164vvvhi+/btarXaaDQqlUrM97RabXR0dHx8PMTWSqUSymnkqopEIrFYjPoYSUmwSKJQKHw+Hx2ijIyMsLCwPn36NJgbkpub6+Tk1LJly4EDB1ojLoqIiGjWrBlcSqZNm7Zs2bLo6GilUkkSnfPy8sRicUxMDHzrLZ/Ix8fH0dGRz+c3+CxvhfT09I4dO3bo0OGbb74hCGLTpk3/4it/UxH8f8Hn86dOndog78cSNTtq27ZtIwgiMTGxpKQEy0fSpCwhIQGEXQjR8NXi8XgJCQmwa4BMTavVSiQSuHqhL8tkMhHki5IU31sWiwVqBCIzkpKSkpKS0AElORXJycl8Ph/eZ7BLS01N5XK5IPiSORFarRaea2KxGD+zWCwQYSUSCajMNBpNLBZPnjzZycmp5nk4efLkBx98AOKd2Wzmcrk+Pj51MbqOHj364Ycf7t69e+zYsQRBdO3addSoUf7+/mFhYXD8zc3NNRqNOTk5IO9iLREXFzd9+vT58+dzOJwRI0YcP348Nzc3Pz8fLssgcikUCoFAQIZlgL8B9wyFQgHNH8wxWCwWlhDwlEBSBvhhHA4HURrgWCcmJqLInjZt2rtMPFHTkw8LCgq++OKLdwxhahwqKir2798/depUskXBZDL37t07c+ZMDw+PiIgIy2rg8OHDYWFh+NnHx2fatGl/RsR8QUGBVCq1ZFUWFBS8+R+896drwr8GoEPUmjT2l+HXX3/9WyYkBQUFu3fvdnBw2LVrFylTVigUGzZsGDZsmJ+f38yZM0eOHPkeDbakUmn//v2jo6P9/f137979ttl4BQUFkyZNYjAY1bZfuHCBJMWijVqPxzywbt26r776qlqfhU6nT5gwYejQoc+fPzeZTNnZ2fD5gb5cLBajTwQfTCaTee/ePS6Xq1QqGQyGVqstKChITU2FYEYoFCL8Lz8/H3dPmUwG39IrV66QZpH1IC8vD/1gaxgLpaWlffv2nTt37urVq0NCQurazWQy4fUkJydb3k3OnTvXr18/GA83GsXFxQcPHiT/OhwO58MPP/T29g4KCjpx4kSD6U7/q9FUBJvNZnNlZeWcOXMQBG8N3rx5U+vHwsHBoWfPnjwer6ioCJ67XC6XyWRi1I5AMjKVF3RefPGQ4ABrXjabjRkNil00cSGMQxZGfHw8SMNCoZDFYqGDS6FQkBKnVCpBtMjOzgbrHx5qarUaRwMRAjxgWKeBTsDj8dCNhm0Fk8lks9lYJctksqioqDZt2kRGRlZ7yyaTadOmTZ6enqT3rVwuX7JkSV3+jlu2bAG31c3N7dChQzA/1ul04Chj7U7mFZNEZ6lU+uTJk5SUlLy8PMR2pKenZ2Vl0Wg0KpVaUlKC2p38xeTkZLVaDUtgiUQiEAjQSkdhzWAwwNXGqAtEbVC0kTWdm5uLDjpO0eXLl11dXd8lXR2fBPJhZWXltGnT/kaKrVqt9vb29vHx8fLycnR03LZtG5fLrbnWj42NnTt3LipRDw8PJyen93415HK5I0eObNWqVZ8+fW7cuFFWVrZhw4ZWrVoNGDAAOpv3+3RN+DdBp9NFRkbWDKr9K/Hzzz9buqT/BVCr1WvXrnVwcFizZg1ZL6alpW3evHngwIEeHh4vXrwwm81nz56dMGHCuz8dm80+ffr0vHnz5syZ8+WXX/7yyy+NPtT48eMtk4PMZnNVVdW8efNI6djt27dJR5q6kJSU1Llz52oOCVeuXOnTp8/69eszMzNfvXqVl5eXm5uLmxfaIkqlsqCggIxKlUqlL1++VCqVWq1WIBAgJ5XP59NotMzMTPCGs7KySktLIRpB90SlUlVUVFy+fLldu3Zg/dYDnU7Xp0+fb775xppr5v79+21sbGbPnl1cXMzn8589e1bPaAKkR0sGNpVK/f777zdv3tzgE9WKBw8eTJ482c/Pj7S2oNFoBEFY42f/L0BTEWw2m81Xr14dP3689VWOwWCoyYUwGo1t2rQJCAjIz89HHrJarcbnFZo2Go3GYDCSk5OlUimTyUxISAAXIjExEQwEgUCAkT2bzabRaPj6QbIGYwfkKmdmZqalpZGVKzIv8HRgNWg0moSEBGik0B9F8Q3HCVTAuBzgScEKAFMWPAqQgHFRUCgUOp1uzpw506dPr6nlUiqVS5YsuXXr1sqVK9EmzMrKWr9+fV19goCAAHt7+02bNoWEhDCZTJFIVFhYCFMzkUgE/kZaWppAIBCLxUiN1mg0sJkD6TkjIwMEZQ6Ho9VqdTodRIRIP4YfsEqlwnIZOSPopmdmZoKUIpfLEV+iVCqxJxgRLBYLCclwIAYtWC6Xnzp1aty4ce9SBIN/bLnF29t77969jT7gu0Cn050/f97Dw2Py5Mlbtmypx4yzrKxs2rRpSHLy9vaeOXPme2/NQq60bNmyUaNGLV269NmzZy1btly1atW8efMIgqg//LkJTfjbceLEiUbzid8WWVlZISEhEydOXLVqFYfDITcGBwePHj06MDDQ0jHg/PnzgwcPbhzNo6KigsfjHT9+fOHChZMmTVqzZs3Vq1flcvnvv//+448/NvjrarW65tzMZDKNGTOm2viLx+N5eXlhCmQymaBDqOfIxcXFw4cP37Bhg+XGK1eufPLJJ2Dr5uXlpaamwvIIyaxarRYkt8zMTAwAoZDj8XharTY7O1soFFIoFMRX8fl8hUKh1WpZLBYIcpCa4GaB23FJScmhQ4e6d+9O8pjrAuiR1ohJtFpt69atoQ4sLCw8d+7c6tWrf/rpJ5VKVev+RUVFuH2T7XC1Wu3o6Lhs2bIGn8sSCoXC399/zJgx1bjOBQUFFy5c+Gvi9/52NBXB5sLCwhkzZryVWXplZWXNauDOnTvt2rU7d+5cbm4u/LkQUKzX61ksVnJyMlRxMTExsbGxqF/hRI3uI/SqaBJzuVwajQZWKywdUPxhpo+xjkAg4HK5cDZACxl8YlBgmUwml8uFlzCDwWAwGKDDghSBIo9Go4EEzGQy0SSWSqUJCQkwa+PxePAzlsvl58+fb968ec02sNlsvn79+qZNm8rKyjZt2oSpXFFRUT3fXi8vL4IgbGxsHB0d1Wq1TqdDZLFWq83MzOTz+VwuV6/XS6VSMrSZz+cLBAJ4/T5//lwkEoEFC3EDWulMJhOHYrPZoEqj+crj8UCWkEgkWVlZdDodDWa9Xq/RaBA4ApUhHJFJO2EkKoNt8scff8yaNetdXJBQsltu8fT0nDlzZqMP2DiIRKL169cPHTp0wYIFiYmJ4A2vX79+yZIldZkfRUREfPvtt5WVlRcvXhwzZsxb0SFKSkqKiooKCwuNRqNUKkUSeFJSkqXq5erVq+3bt+/cufPAgQP/+OOPsLCw1q1bm83m/Pz8Zs2akSaaTWjCPxO7d+/+C0Y62dnZx48fHzBggK+vL0kALSkpOXv27KxZs9asWVMzoRPZePWEtNVEVVVVTEzM9u3bHR0dR44cuXHjxnv37lku/mUy2bRp0+pRAYJ9odVqa50Eurq6VsvxOXHixKlTp/BzYWGhi4tL/dZMO3bs6N69u+Wl+PTp0127dn38+DHqWjREUlJS0EzBzRT2SgKBgExi0+l08MIndTgZGRmFhYWpqalUKpXH4yUlJcGoVK/Xw2+HwWDA1sloNMLXqGvXrg0GBnl5ebVv394aa4XFixePHTuWfKjRaEJCQjAwrOvWo1Kp4uLiSObhq1evZs6cGRQU1OBzARcvXhw4cOCaNWv+DGnd/yI0FcHmw4cPW4pe60dpaWldHcGgoKAuXbqgu6lWq2FeS6PRyGgMcO2R6QAuBJqaMC9D8YrQB61Wi19HKxcBvzgOzNE0Go1Go0HqMggA8fHx8fHxGo2Gy+Wi1FOpVCwWCzQAlL9UKhXNVJR3KpUKSRB8Ph+rXuyMhjF4w3jq7777bujQoTW1ViaTacuWLdBGHDp0CEqvqqqq8PDwWrNt3rx5Ayqwvb09XNJA2MUL1ul0HA6HyWQaDAaEt8HSITU1FcxmFPpo1sLckcfjoVuM0wtKA51OB5cXmagoZ8EJw1QLZslQHCI0DrMwhUIB9hgo1OBzG43Gy5cvjx079q3MHKoBPXXLLT4+Pu9lWGkNysvLnz59umLFChcXl+Dg4GqvpKysbMeOHQsWLKhmpVRVVVVRUfH69Ws3N7dLly4lJiYSBPHkyRONRhMfH//y5cvo6Ojr16+Hh4cfOXLk5MmThw8fDgkJCQ4O3rp16+rVq728vGbNmuXt7R0YGLho0SIXF5eFCxcuXLjQz8+PDIIuKyu7du1aQEDAtm3bevfuPWjQoIMHD9ra2mINaWNj8x617U34L6OkpOTPYE1UVVWtWrXq0aNH7/3IJDQazd69e6dOnTp//nzwHMxmc0FBQWhoqKur69q1a0lDtJqvzcnJacyYMTWHlpYoLS0ViUT3799fu3btnDlzPD09N27c+OzZs1rtfjEasoz+sYRQKKy/hN2yZcvGjRstX+HSpUtJpReXy12xYkU9JOaUlJR27dpduXKF3PLo0aP27duHh4cXFxenpKTA/hIKECRNUKlU5K2i+wM7CDSPYBYEpQ16UjCJRytErVbDOB+sOcwVMaKEHROdTu/YsaOTk1P9rGuJRNKsWTNrHN/u3bv34YcfVvtrKhSKLVu2zJkzpy72RV5e3o0bN0iuXXZ29tixY1evXl3/cwmFQox2SSXPfxn/9SJYKBROmDDB+nyBwsJCpVJZ83NfWVk5adKkQYMGZWVlqdVqJpMJUSqDwUhMTKRSqZjFxMfHY0aPAT04ADKZDEYEEGbFxcVBs4UEDVAUyOIPuQ/46spksqSkJJI5QF4FoKITi8XkV/fly5fHjh2Ljo7GWAfMYPgkxMXFGY1GeEGg24qwCaTNsVisy5cvt2rVirz+WkIsFu/evRtn4+HDh7/99hu2HzhwoNZUGwjCCIIA+QkVMGpc9FxRicJfGWFv0OShPgYthMvlxsfHo4MLpjUubXFxcWlpaWq1Gs4PIEtYBumRKxBQUKhUqlwuR/kLBgX2hI2OUqlEhB5cigcNGlSPd55CoYCAt6ysrFbCwNOnT6uZS/j5+c2YMaP+D9t7AYvFmjRp0uTJk8+ePVsXUdtsNt+8edPd3Z3UeldUVOzdu9fV1TUwMHDs2LF9+vSZMmXKgAEDJk2a5OfnN3v2bEdHx5kzZ06bNs3Pzy8wMHDz5s0HDhwIDQ396aefbty48fz58/v370PZib+yRqMxGAy5ubmW89mqqqotW7a0adNm7ty5Xbt2HTFiRHR0dI8ePXr37j18+HCCIOoyFm1CE94Khw8ftiaB7G1RVlbm4eHx5ynzrl69OmTIEDc3t5SUFHLjjRs3nJycFi1aVG24VBMymWzIkCEDBw5cv349jUYrKCgoLi7Oz89Xq9WJiYmhoaGLFy+eOnXqoEGDvv/++02bNlGp1AZf0tatW6t1vouKilJTUyHbqt8TNzQ01HJeLxaLAwICTCZTZWWlSqW6ePFi/b4Qs2fPHj9+PPlQrVZ36tRpy5YtoLfB1QcSW4FAEBsbiyRRkUiUlZWVmZmJ6zk0IZhHGQwGCoUC6UhsbCyUJHDHhzwuISEhLS0tJycHhOCysjLcR9BV6dOnT48ePRqU8Xl7e9vb29c1aiORmZnZrVu3WlUQCQkJ8+fPX7NmTa0t4eLi4t9++42sgw0Gw6BBg+r6tFdWVv7yyy8jRnPq6Y8AACAASURBVIzYuXPnn6Fy/t+I/3oRvG3btpMnT777cTIzM/v06ePv719UVITqDTozUEvhuYtuJRyCQY3gcDgUCgXVLUyF4diF/DPUYdgZyREsFotCoYDnishHtVqdkJDA5XLVarVcLsfSFsQG6Opyc3MVCgVICM+ePcMSFhTktLQ0uEwgbwLJaggrRoksEAgoFMqQIUNqpWaaTKa9e/eSS0m1Wr1kyRKQhjdv3lwtUAMoKCjo1atX8+bNf/vtN+QbI6kOzWwI4EChTklJyc7OBmkBLVuwHXCxAzkELhYikQhmcChhoTuUyWTgdeh0OsRk4CQjnQQXRxBR1Gq1RqPhcDgpKSmo/pEpTS5LUKZ37ty51ow3OBg8e/bswYMH69evP336dK0Xu6dPn1Zbc//www9/AeHVZDJFRUXdvn3bGi5HZGSki4sLLqbl5eXx8fH379+PioqKi4u7ceMGTubBgwd37dolFovf1wU0Pz///PnzK1eu3LdvH4oJHo+3devWw4cPd+jQwcPD4708SxP+4wgICLCmG/e2KC4udnNzey9pFNUQGxs7Z86cmTNnWvL0Hjx44Orq6ufn1yAblcTr169Pnz7t5OTUo0ePzz//vHfv3sOGDfvuu+/c3NwCAgL27Nlz8+ZNtVptveA1MjLS3d3dZDJVVVVBSpufn89kMq1RCzx9+tTLy4vcc//+/YcPHzabzRs3brxw4cLJkycjIiLq+t2HDx926NCBtC8oLy93cXGZMGGCXq/X6XQoc+EoisYHWHPZ2dmpqakkq4GMT8LNAg79ZA4rtOnp6emQ1qARAzIxac+flpaWnJwM+dro0aM3b968adOm+t81j8cjCMKaj5+Pj8+YMWNqbS1XVVUdOHDA09PTUmBNQq1W//jjj6RbM4fD+fjjj2uKPZKTk93d3d3d3Rvhzvkvxn+6CBaLxfPnz7c+Mr6srKyuXhqXy7WzswsKCkIJRbpusdlsGJm9fPkSlXFycjKHw2Gz2Sj1wHBAKxTLVoVCAdUai8XCQfAvfLxROsP+FrUan8+H+RqyHxkMxrNnz/bv33/69Gk/Pz9Qdd3d3W1tbW/evKnRaMBPJYM2YD8sEolQN5MyMh6P9+rVq9DQ0NatW9c6cROLxdu3b7dc+vv7+6P2PX78OJw4q8FoNH788ceIusjKylKpVBKJJCEhgcfjkVcroVAol8uFQqFQKNTpdDg/aWlp2MhgMMA24XA4aIrj1JEJQCwWS6FQwJeXzWYjmQ+KN0gfEMgHIkpsbCzesl6vZzAYSA9KSkricrlgUyBKXqVSLViwwMbGpqZHcmFhYWxsrLe3d+/evdu2bfvVV189f/68ZoEIrrblFi8vrwZ91P96UCiUOXPm1LS+37p1K1yBoqKipk+fPmzYsL1799Z6OX6PaNOmzdSpU//Up2jCfwRBQUFbt25974fNzMzE1ew9HlOn061YsWLUqFGWDdekpKTFixd7enrWGg9hDe7fvz9o0KAff/yRwWAolUrr73rVkJ2dPXXqVAzQ4uPj3+p3hULh7NmzwWEtLS11d3cXCoV37txZtmxZWVmZp6dnXQesrKz89ttvLTV527Zta9u2LZVKraio0Gg0AoEAZEIGgyGXyzMzM9G8QKMHTDloafLz85GTCvum9PR0nU6Xn59vNBrZbDaDwUBSFY/Hy8rKysrKwr0Yt3LSWlin0127dm3u3LkxMTHOzs4NLiE8PDzatGnToMlmcnJyhw4d6mnwX7x40cXFpdZ7661bt/z9/UnK4uHDhzt37kxSlnNycjZs2FBPh/i/jP90ERwcHGwZsdMgSkpK6gqevXv3LkEQly9fzs/PVyqV6PiCqxoTEwP2AofDQV4xaKl0Ol0sFoPbSqVSIU1LT08HwwFkfBqNplKpDAYDlUplMBiwmyWTzORyeVJSEngLYM3CFXzNmjUEQbRu3bpnz54EQdy4cWPdunUEQYSHh8OKAaRkKMCw5EXjMyMjg8vlYmykVquTkpK6detWl/b5+fPn1ZzSnz9/vn79erPZfPbs2Vo9B3g83ocffrh9+/acnBy4VSgUCpSe8DDHz6hZYU/GYDCgNcY5gWcFlUoF60MgECQkJEBRB3oDmr4onaVSKdhgKJdxfiCkI40yoqOjSes0sK4zMjKw9McOSqUSJOOBAwdOmjSp2jtSKpWbN28m/gcffvjhmjVral4TjUajpfigrKxs4sSJ1mcT/pW4deuWj49PNe3Ljh07XFxc8DO6y926dWvbtu3ChQvfRS9YD968eXPlypVqhkpNaELjsGPHDsRfvV+IxeK5c+e+L11RXl7egQMHnJ2dN27cSBZM9+/fX758+YYNG65du9a4wII3b97cvn07ICCgVkpbI+Dh4XHmzJmqqqq3pVmnpqa6uLhAFxsVFRUQEHD79u0FCxbk5OQUFBSMGzeuLl7izZs3e/fuTV6U2Gz2hx9+ePXqVa1Wi6YJmiPgAUODy2KxYmNjIQcHOVCj0URFRT179gydptTU1KKiopycHNhr4qbM5/Nzc3PhIwRBNoVCwV0Yx4RyhkKhbNy4MTQ0lM1mb9u2rUEz5vj4eIIgLl68WP9u5eXlgwcPXrx4cT37QJv48OHDmv+1efNmdNbNZnNFRcX333+/cuVKs9l89+7d7777bvny5Zbuwk0g8d8tgmk0mru7u/WJ2PBeqet/w8PDCYJ4+fJlVlYWZKoUCiU5OTk7OxtSrezsbMSSod5iMplgu+KLSvpCgOAbGRmJryV+VyqVikQilGKkoyGFQkF/FHI3sVgMIn9BQQFMB8+cOfPs2bMOHTrMmzcvICCAIIjIyMjc3FxEb2RkZMArTSAQqNVqBoPB4XCUSiVoGwKBIDs7e8GCBb179651vv/q1atr165Vq/bKysqCg4OPHj26bNmyx48f1/wtJpPZqlWrNWvWwLEhMzOTxWKJRCIQoEFHBjlYKBTCvAwvibzY4YSg3S4Wi7Gah80NuUhQKpXghIBjzeFwoIRAWh6PxyOPg0FYVFQUnU5Hcx0Gdqi/aTQadMToOj9+/Lhly5bVrGTy8vKcnZ3JIrhNmza1XukgvyMfymSyAQMGWPL8/lEIDw/funWrpQD06NGjjo6O5MPIyMhFixadP3/+448/fi9soiY04U/FwYMH39Y9yhpERUXNnj373alBJSUlly5dmjt37qZNm8g5zJ07dzw9PVevXv0uS0GRSBQcHLx379530fUCYBGYzeZjx44tWLCgEUfIzMxEF9lkMq1fv97Pz2/hwoUYkSUmJtYVvFdaWjp06NADBw7gYXl5uYODw8KFC/V6PUZ/qampyKXX6XRisRhE3rS0NJFIpNFoVCoVn8/HvBHxVQqFAmGuGCQiaooU3kAPTaVSuVwuOjUYn0IhQ6rMnZ2deTwe7J4afOOVlZWDBg2yNH+oFVVVVWPHju3WrVv9xnY8Hs/Nza1mFqBerx8/fjzpHxwTE2Nvb+/s7Dxjxoxai+YmAP/dInjFihVXr161fv+Kiop6KuZNmzY1b978xYsXqNjkcrlYLKZQKLApYLFY4B6ArctkMiFWxQqVxWIhmoHBYGCLQqFgs9lqtTo9PR37k+a+sPVNT0/HKB8CWHyBU1NTY2JihEIhHM0SEhI0Gk3Pnj1Hjhw5f/58GxubW7du5efn49eR1Yw8Z1AvwNAA6SIzM/Pp06cffPDBmTNnar7ZysrKp0+f1rqsLC4u/uWXX8aMGVNrEUyj0Vq0aHHq1KmCggIUu4h9xgnJycmBuRs8McBwQCBwYmIiLkZ4y+AqoCMOhjROVEJCAs4ecoBwHERAIyEPUzO9Xk+W0WT/OyMjA1YeaACj5sZZyszMBLc7MDDw448/tpx+0un0iRMnkkXwp59+amnVSeLOnTuWXfMrV66MHj26oKCg/o/c34iVK1da/gW3bdtGelnk5+evXLkS7ZyrV6/26tXLel1pE5rwt2Djxo0YUr1f3L1719PT8x0P8vTp01mzZs2YMYN0XYiPj1+yZMnixYutCd2tC0ql8tixY15eXu9YABUVFYEEmJWVhUtfSkrKhAkTLI0OrURVVZWnpyeVSlUoFJ07dx4zZgzpRHv9+vWaMcjArVu37O3tSeP5n376qW3bti9evICHkkwmy8rKUigUFAoFwcJoJOXm5mZlZaHjg54U2iUajQY68uTk5KioKC6Xi1RU2EGAWQcehUAgyM3NhYURFHV4uoqKCpCzzWYznU6vazhcDRcuXPjggw/qZ0Tk5eXNmTOnXbt2tbqRWoLJZE6YMKEmcWLPnj2IbikpKbl48WKXLl3WrVv3T77R/BPwHy2CExMT3d3drTcSr6ioqKcNbDabZ8+e/eWXX6rV6qysLIiukEWOwAuhUJiSkpKYmEj69UokElBvUa4xGAyJRKLVakHV1+v14FTQ6XTwX6OjozHfT0lJQQA6/BzADIblYVJSklKpTE1NPXDgAEEQy5cvP3ToEBIHFixYANfuwsJC9JVRd6KRnJSUhLIvKSkJi2OxWPz111/369ev1kkfYtvqmc3dunWrVokDjUZr2bLlvn37Xr16BTkaTheDwcA7QrwI6e+IH3DGIFmAeTCC4sDrIhu3aAbjtKempsIQDaFBkP3BlEOtVsN2Ta1Wowon5YA487gCYukPdWB2djYqdQaD0blzZ0tqWklJCZPJHD169Hfffefq6hoWFlZr8jZIxuRDNze3KVOmvMdEU8vXIxQKo6OjL1++fOXKlatXr969e/f69es3b958+vTp/fv34+PjhUJhgxwGCoVy4sQJUsKyaNEiLy8v/CyVSsmhW2Vl5eDBgxuUhjShCX8vtm3bVquw9R3x888/11W6WYOEhAQfHx9PT88HDx5gS1xcnI+PT2Bg4Fv51leDXq8PDQ1dtGhRWFhYo6kayF0zm81Go7Hava+0tHTatGlkzNtbYeXKlXfu3Fm+fLmdnZ1lL3PTpk21ZhG/efPG0dFx3rx5eMjn87t27Xr69Gmj0fjq1Sv0TYxGI7KoKBRKTk4OzI7QwqBQKHw+PzMzMysrC61iiUQCSYxGo4EZUV5eHpnBBNsHg8FQVFQEn1OYRSB0w2g0wnFozJgxISEhXC63HsvkalCpVJ07dw4NDa1nn/T09P379wcHB5Pcs3qQlJS0aNGiankWIpFoyJAhRUVFe/bsmT59+vXr1xu0EGnCf7QIDgwMfKsxrslkqodPU1VVNXz48P79+6vVatCJEhISUGZhvs9ms7VaLZfLjYyMBAuCRqPB0QzsVfR60e6F0S9IrnBPI/0NjEYjGrcY2WDig0IN5aBWq9VqtatWrQInuEWLFn369ElJSUFO26NHjwwGQ3Jyskgkys7ORsGdlpYGNgIYtzBMOHr0KEEQ5KW52qnIzs6u33syKiqqGm0AuH379kcffXT69Om8vDwoEsA/hvEZ5AhyuRw+cTKZDE7AfD5fLBaDswHFoUgkwuUJZwDNY3iiQSyIBnBiYiKCoyUSiUajQf8bS3y4RcIcDXWzWq0GyTg1NVWr1eJJpVJpVlYWdtPr9QaD4ZdffmnXrh1C1EjA/I7BYNR6TTSZTHfu3CHHkQUFBQMGDLD0y3x3lJaWvnjxYtOmTYsWLdq3b19oaOi5c+cuXLgQERHx4sWLyMjI69evX79+PSIiIjw8fP/+/fPnz79y5Uo9f8SioqKdO3ei+1JVVTVr1iyy8FWpVJbzgUuXLtnb2/8ZAvkmNOF94cSJEw3m8TYCa9eu3bFjRyN+USwWb9myxdHRkaz8ZDLZwYMHPTw8Hj582Djur9lsTk1NDQ0NnTdv3qFDh6yvz6rBaDSWlJTgXlDXPnv27GncG9+xY0dQUNBXX31lKQvOzc2dMWMGGQJiCbVa3atXLxhuFhUVffvttytWrDCbzaAdIhFDKpVCVw0DB1hkwvUS7VtYJ2GOSk4RMzMzcc3HHQdxS8XFxSSPglTUaTQadI5UKhWVSp00aZKnp2dBQYFGo6mqqsrKyrKSDzNp0iQED9W1A5vN3rt3L5vNbteuXU0Rdk08efLExcXFMielvLzc0dHxwoULMpmsrKxs3759Dg4O1ry2/zL+i0WwVqv18PCoK9e3Jl6/fl0/oerVq1edOnXy8PCQy+VoH8pkMp1OB9ctkE3hQoBqlc1mx8TEYI5Pp9NZLFZWVhZ0rLAJ43A4dDqd/BkBHCADwPcXxRz8vDQaDYVCwe9CwXrw4EGCIM6dO0elUpVKpU6ngyzMaDRmZ2cjvg6cAXBkQSlG/HJOTg6NRuvdu3c9rK+60uBIREZGkp7Blvj1119bt259+/ZtGJ+pVCpoGtDKFYlE8FGGkhcODzDuxTQKdT/oDShtQedA2JtUKtVoNOCHQdwGsSCIYuhws9lsrDFw6cTBRSJRcnIyhmLQQ8hkMvSJU1JSsrKywC1GK1qhUCxZsqRTp07VIppev35d19WNQqEEBQWRXJrExMRevXq9L0KwyWR68ODBhg0btmzZEhERIZFIGuzyvn79WiwWh4aGLly4cNu2bbVa31dUVAQEBMD/QafTjR49mqSaFRYW7tu3j7xP5+bm9u3bt0F79iY04d1RWFhI5mO9FX766SdnZ+f3/nrc3NxqvdDVAywvHR0dT548Cdq9Xq8PCQmZN29eWFhYo7PZJRLJnj17Vq1adf78+cbRfysqKqRSaWlpKfog9e987969adOmNWKWFRIS4u/vTzqdAWfOnKnLLzI4OHjSpEkmk6miosLV1XX69Ono4MDzRy6Xw5AUDQsobUBHhJkmhCXQeeOan5ubi/knGHQgEEJVgsgqHo/36NEjhUKBmzI8JWg0GjpTrq6ukydPtuyv8/l8Kz+TBw4csLOzqyeLmEKh7N27F/I4K90hX7586erqavn3WrNmDfm7N27c6Nu373vPuv+X4b9YBP/222979uyxfv/y8nK5XF7/As7GxmbFihUGgwEGwOA/MJlMJpMJYiuNRgMJGHUelUrFFB5BbhwOBzRi8CUwvscIHnIuhA6gCoS6DrIwoVAId2EcHFFqt2/f7tSp0927dxFXC5KrwWDADqh9+Xx+XFwchLSosMEtlsvlP/74Y7t27WqNfCsvL+dwOPU7opvN5idPntQ62zpz5oyNjc3NmzeNRiNKfIlEAjtGvV4vFosxtMKlB/o22FYg/kOr1aLGhToQXnKw18CpIFu5qFlRW6ekpBgMhrS0NOQkw3IOJ1OlUiFkBObEIFiDc4KGvUgkQm4ImsFgaTOZzI4dO1oTZmYymeLj47t162b5eTt48OC3337b4O82iLKyMgaDsWzZMj8/v8bNvPLy8h4+fOjt7R0UFESn06tdK9euXYvDPnjwYOzYseSFvry8/NatW5bC8D179vTr1+/PSORqQhNIxMTEDB8+fNmyZY1olB44cMCaEfPbYtasWdeuXbNyZ5PJdO3atRkzZqxcuRJDGLFYfODAgcWLFx8/fryoqKgRL6C8vDwxMXHfvn2BgYHnzp1r3AohNze3tLS0tLS0/umQJVQq1ffff19PPVcrZDLZoEGDqvFSTCaTr69vrSzYkpKSvn37nj592mw2L1y4sEuXLrhnSaVSuVwOOi9uCjQaDYqOx48fP3ny5MWLF+fOnYuMjExPT4dNxP379+/du4fmCG6afD4fOT4ymQwycTqdHhcXB0YEtCKIi0MD5cmTJ0OHDvX09MzOzrZ8kRwOx0qHHCaTSRDEr7/+WtcOZ86cgV3VH3/80a5dOyuv6hcvXly0aBG5fLpw4cKoUaPwkMlkjhs3znra538T/7kiuKSkZMaMGdYoOoE3b97UGiBpiefPnxMEsXLlSjQd09LS0JpFPcfj8eDIzWAw0PcVi8Ww+oqNjdXr9SCzgpOERSeoFAgrR2FKo9EePHjg5eW1ZcsWNG7BfECZqNFoUMahsmQwGEjBkEgk0LRC7gamLPgP8NBFWht4tyBvXL16tX379gcPHqz1nSKbrcGV5dOnT2vlif7888+dOnWKiorKzMw0GAxSqZRKpWZlZeFlgLSgUCji4+NTUlKwEVc3kiiMt4OlAgjQcJ1DQjL4u7iKsVisnJwc6OTw6xDA4Qc+nw9TdIy6+Hw+/hAZGRn4F7l6ZN8d2jhcFg0Gw6+//mqNfKGiouLq1asEQZBJSK9fvx42bFitcsO3wuPHj9esWbNt2zZL6QyimxCeFx0dTaVSExMTsQxTKBR1NZlevXr14MGDzZs3r1279v79+9C75OXlzZ8/HzpuNze3an9NLFfIhwqFokePHnfu3HnHN9WE/yCKioqePXt29+5deJrq9fqkpCQWi/Xw4cO8vDy5XP706dPCwsKKiopp06YRBBEaGtqIBmQ1e5P3hYkTJ96+fduaPePi4lxcXGbMmIHJPpfLXbt27cqVK2/fvm1l3VkNer3+t99+8/f3X7VqVWRkZCPK39LSUnQ0o6OjG7SwrQaTyWTJ5bAGKSkps2bNmjhxYjULMJFI5OfnV6vVblRUVM+ePbOzs2/evGlvb3/r1q2CggLksBYUFGi12sTERPSAYRX65s2bkJCQjz76qEuXLm3btu3duzeLxYqMjPzss886duz40UcfIWYPMhK0hIxGI4fDwY2Az+ez2Wyj0QjPTVAT2Ww2aBUzZsyoyeg1mUx0Ot3KIthoNLZv354UV9TE2rVryQHj3LlzR4wYYWVn4ciRI0FBQWhOPXjw4PPPP0cPS6fTOTk5ZWRkWHOQ/yz+c0Xw8+fPPTw8rA/IqaioUCgU9fcezp49a2Njs3PnTp1Ol5OTIxAIsHyEGAsxDSiCMaBnMpl0Ol2lUjGZTCqVCkeCtLS0hIQEmUyGOg/mX9gzOztbIpGMGzeOIIhly5bhe0un02HozeVyMdwBkYDNZpPO4fD2UigUaLhyOJxLly7JZDIY9IIkAE0AmrIKhWLo0KEjRoyode1oMpm0Wq01NJInT55Ao1oNp06dQu2oUql0Ol1mZmZSUhKHw4FxG6pPrVar0Wji4+NBd+bz+TBOBv9BKBQqFAoMwphMJrrFIHsJhUK8ZVzd4HGGWlav14PRq1arscZAuxdeOVhmqNVqdKPxN4L9HJw0IJVDSY1EIq1W6+Tk1OBttaysbN68eQRBrFu3Dnfuly9f9u7du0E+ST2QSCR79+4NCgqC3QSy41euXDljxowhQ4bY29vb29vb2tra2Ni0adOmZcuWbdu27dGjR/fu3QcNGjRr1qzg4OA//vjDYDDU/EjfuHGjY8eOo0aN2rhx4w8//ACvfpVK1alTpytXrljuiU+15RbkuDb6TTXhvwmj0Thu3DgbGxs7O7vPP/9cJpNFREQ0a9asY8eOBEEMGzbs66+/JgjCx8fnzp07dnZ2zZo1a5wKMyIiYtq0ae/3xefl5U2ePJmkCdUFLpc7Z86cKVOmQGIhkUgCAgI2bNiQkJDQiGq+srLy2bNnnp6evr6+J06caByrKi8vr7i4GF6cjfh1YN++fX5+flbufOHCBRcXF6i3XV1dLaM6du3aVdff1N3dfcmSJXq9/rPPPrt8+XJxcXFRURGEMXK5HH4+arVap9NhwllWVrZ7925owU+fPv3BBx8EBAQsWrSIIIiJEyc6Ojr279+fSqUWFxcbDAaUvKmpqZmZmYhNzcrKQvCyVqtFOhX87A0Gw08//VQrP9BkMr148cL6Lr6Pj0+/fv1qLT+kUumqVavItAuZTGZnZ7dmzRprDvvmzZuAgADsnJKS0rNnT3SRKysrZ8+e/S4eI/8F/BOLYKFQeOzYsUZH49QDk8m0ffv2WnMc6oI1JK1Vq1bZ2NhERUVh7A5SKRaRSUlJQqEQ/mUkjQFWaGq1GsQmWNj6+/v37t175MiRR44cSUtLi4iIcHV17dChw/Tp06lUKogEzZs3X79+/c2bNz///PNevXr98MMPDx8+RBQk6hKE2QgEAjL6mM1mSyQSHo+Xnp6ekJDQpUuXLVu2qNVqRMRhWoSuqkqlCg8Pt7Ozq0v2K5PJrBRbUKnUDRs21LzEX7t2zdbW9ty5c0VFRWCMoLpFl1qtVoO7jLcTHx/P4/EMBgOPx8NCX6VSoQ1cVFSEyGV0wVksFozMYDwMSjGoDnBQv3v37i+//HLmzJmdO3empKQgROP48ePBwcG//fYbrCegnMDllclkxsfHo78OX2eQLrBgAEWYxWINHTq0fv/5qqoqf39/giCQi2EymRYuXGhpLvFWMBgMR44c+fHHHzdt2hQWFrZ58+Zhw4Y1b968TZs2n376qYODw4oVK9atW7dr164rV67cuHHj2rVrV65cOXPmzIEDBwICAmbMmDF58mQHB4fBgwf37Nnz/7B3nVFNpV33quPYex+7oiIiig3LjIggCCgqFnSwomJHxQr2rth1UMZesGBFEQu9ppBGKIEQ0khISCChCAgK5Pux15fFosSATPEd9y8NN+HekDz3POfsMnny5HPnzlUZidBotOnTpx89ejQlJQUr9d27d3v37o1AYy3y8vKYTKZ2vdZoNOfPn2/fvn39elo/8J9FRkbGwoULT5w4sX37doIggoKCbt269dNPP/n6+q5cuZIgCMReEgRBo9EcHR2NjIxqy+zUjZs3b86ZM6dhT57BYFhbW+vwn4qPj9+1a9e0adPOnDlTUFBAp9OhWnv06FE9GB0qlerBgwdr1679/fffr169Wj/dm1QqhfM6+qb6N4Oqg0KhTJ48+av3x8LCwgMHDsyaNQu7BS6Xa2VlpWUUqNVqW1vbKqFLgFAo7NatW1RU1OrVq42NjSFokclkGRkZLBaLx+OB7ZaRkaFUKqE1FwgEhw8fxgfp8+fPffv2tbCw8PDwaNmyZatWrcaMGXP48GGZTAb7CPjEy+VyiUQCS35IsWHbj1xSmUwGE89Zs2YdOXKkxgu8ePFiFYKEDvz555+tW7euUWT/5MmTK1euVH4E8vQaNRvVUVRUdObMmYiIiKKiokGDBmmf5ejoWFfa+n8NvnQm1wAAIABJREFU/6IiWLsu2NjYEATxV+T7icXixYsX6/+RLSsrKykp+ep+fd68eY0aNfrw4QOEpQkJCSQSKSEhAZqz8PBwlGtMJjMoKCg6OhrNTgaDgcA2sVh89erV5s2bW1tb9+rVq1GjRs+ePRs2bFjr1q09PT07duw4ZsyYs2fPDhw4sGPHjidOnOjdu7epqemGDRuaNWs2YcIE2CxgcM9gMHAOFAoFKi6tIwxkZL6+viNHjjx06JBcLoe9GigHCKsbOnTo77//Xttl5ubm6rnlZTAYGzdurL7Qgxtw5syZiooKOp0Oui1IXTBOhnAQ/jU4bbSHmUwmzh+9YcRd4urQxwVLDMYOKGdhk46FEp+on3/+mSAIGxubsLAwR0dHgiDQW/Lz85PL5bBAFwgEqLbBS0ZrGQxmpMeBRwFx8YEDB+zs7HTfzwICAgYMGIBVT6VSmZqa1q/74ufnZ2pqShCEgYFBt27d4Ek8d+7cK1euhIWFwb7n1atX+rD0hELh69evt27d2qVLl+bNm9vb2wcHB2t/KhaLV6xYoW30enp6du/evbrU5tGjR0KhUPtfNpvdoUMH/VlGP/ADGo2moKBgw4YNU6ZMmTx5MkEQkZGRN27c6NSpU0lJyYULFxo1aqRQKC5cuEAQRFJS0urVq7Vm1XXF7du3FyxY0LAnj6ZmjV9/oVC4adMma2vrP//88+PHj8nJyYsWLXJxcfHz86uHaWtsbOyuXbt+//33c+fO1TurnMfj5eXlgRdXv1eogsLCQjs7u9rO5+PHj7DpnTt3rqurq7ZWzs3NnTJlitZ34u7du7X55Bw+fNjW1lYgEHTo0OHu3bulpaWVA0RBKZTL5aGhoUFBQQkJCeA5oAg+derUhw8fWrdubWNjc/To0bVr13p7ew8aNOjnn3+OiorCCp+bm8vlcqFIoVKpeBxemeh6hIeHQ54eHh5uaGgIHkt1nD9/XptO/FVERET8/PPPNTLHdu7cSafTKz9SUlIyYcKEoUOH6p9xnZycnJeX16dPn9DQUDyyaNGiH0WwbvzzRfD58+d37dplb29vZWUVHR394cOHpk2btmjRAnT4hsXt27dPnDih/xAqLy9Pn+bW9OnTGzVq9PLlS4z4YbjL5/NR2IGmiSgapJqBmA+/bhh73bx5s2/fvkOHDm3btm3nzp23b9/euHFj1JEuLi4EQbx8+dLc3PyXX37x9fVt3rx5r169zMzMWrZsOWDAAOxowW2F5TCG+2w2OzIyEm3g2NhY5J8xmcyrV6+2b9/++PHjHz9+RHGMunP79u0DBw6sjRyWmZmpf/eCxWItXry4xiK4c+fOd+/exYYe/gzIbRaLxWCD8Pl81MdQCoL1oVQqkZCck5OTmZlJoVAg+E1JSYH4F/RouOFoAy/QLaBQKBi5+vv7r1+/niAId3f39u3b9+jRY82aNcOGDbt//z5UdPCsgC1aenp6VFQUPJhRVePfYGmjvI6JiTEwMKjREVmLlJSUN2/e4CPn5eVlZmZWuYGqDxITE+fOnYswjgEDBsyfP//q1asMBqPK3ZTD4QwYMKBjx45RUVF6vrJarQ4JCVm9enXfvn0XLVqkLWpTUlKWL1+Om+XWrVs7depUvf2GP1blRzC7rNOl/cB/HEibP3r0KBzNKRTKlStXOnXqlJeXd/z48SZNmigUivPnz6MIdnFx+WrmVm24efOmhYVFw578+/fvZ86cWeVBgUDg4eExe/bso0ePYvE5duyYm5vb06dP6yrS5/F4V69e3bp164YNG65fv/5VaUptQBQwg8GoXxNdB9atW6cNctNoNCUlJTQa7eLFi/b29sOGDRs0aFD//v2vX79e+SmFhYUODg6o9j5//rxp06YqUybg06dPv/766/Xr1/fu3WtjYwPX3tTU1OTkZCzIZDIZuhGoX+D+LpVKEWLfu3fvDh06dOjQITAwcMuWLT///LOxsfHPP//cuXPn1NTU3NxcKMi11vLoBEMVA3NSWDlhynrr1q1p06bV9ucLCAjQ4SVXBXl5ed26dTt27FiVx9PT03///ffqDOCEhIS6pnIWFxf369dPS4GYP3/+jRs39H/6fxD/fBE8cuTIVq1abd++vW/fviNGjIiPj//ll18MDQ1rTN76FpSUlDg7O3+VwqWF/muWjY1N27ZtIyMjkQaMqF64z8KdABIruALn5uay2ezAwMD4+HgYhKWlpW3durVt27Zubm42Njbt27ffu3cvQRD79u0rLS1ds2YNQRDv3r0zNjY2MjLy8fEhCGLYsGHXr193cXFxdXUVi8UKhQLOiIiHQAQdyji8PrazXC4XzufXrl0zNzdfv349vudKpfLJkyfdunWrMeZNo9GgmaF/9RYUFFQjmenu3bsDBgxANQlHM+wEELOHzA4IHeh0OhgaMFADwwHmaDweDy4QaWlpbDYbXGGwQRgMBpzOIP6LiorCyjhkyBATExONRvP27VuCILZu3erq6mpoaNi8efMhQ4YEBgbCxRlZdFANI+RPm2CCW4hCoYCNDtRyGRkZy5YtW7RokY63IjAwEEtkZmZm//7967QeMZnMNWvWtGnTBg3s69evV26+Vsf79+8bNWpka2urf+cAoNFoy5YtMzY21iqXo6KiVqxYoVAoPD0927RpU/335ufnV3nw4sWLpqam+o9ZfuAHIiIimjRpgl09WEPQzhYVFR04cIAgCIVCce7cOYIgGAyGo6PjpEmT6veL7t69O2LEiIY9+efPn1dWPuTn5585c2bs2LHbtm2TyWRMJtPV1XXz5s0hISF1ylUuLCx88+bNtm3bFi5ceO3atfT09PpZXOXn50NlxeFw6h2ZoRs+Pj4gmahUKh8fH4yqMK0yMTFp3Ljx2LFjqzylpKRk+vTp0dHRGo0mNjZW6z5eBWQyefjw4Uwms0+fPhcuXJBKpVlZWXK5nMVigWEYGRkZExOjtUhD0BKHw1mxYkWzZs02bNjg4ODw6tUr6Ge2bt1qa2s7b948X1/f8vJyqVT64cMHzP20hph8Ph8a4sTERGRUIV01JSVl/vz5VUr5ynj69GmdSLcjRoyoHl64Z8+e2m4N58+f/+mnn2rcKtQIpVLZs2fPyMhI/Hf27Nk/imDd+OeL4FGjRllaWmo0mlOnTrVt21aj0UyYMOGvMDYPDQ2dO3eu/gtKUVGRPpSpgoKCkSNH9uvXD5bdaGoiigZFG6LIEHgBK1ywTjkcDhRpCoXCzs6OIAhDQ0NMuh88eGBhYdGsWTNbW9umTZtaWFjIZDJDQ8Nhw4aRSKQxY8a0bdt2/PjxLVu2XL16dX5+fl5enkgkQm8VYTkxMTEwkaBQKDQaTSaTCYVCEokE23CBQAAbtRMnTiAhuWvXrjVK2TQaTVlZGTrK+r/V/v7+Hh4e1R9/8+ZN7969SSRSTk4OiFxUKhW+EMhqBv8hPj4eDg8oasHfAkciMTExJiYGyXwYjYFVDAszHo8H4wjYQcAHJyMjY+rUqd26dXv79i2oh4cOHRo1apSjo+Pp06cJgnBxcVGpVNBbZGRkQAwBFzaxWMxgMOh0ukwm4/P5DAYDFpVJSUnwtXjx4oWpqWlt7fO8vLzz588HBwcXFBQcOXLEyMhITxG3SqXat29f8+bNCYKYO3cuk8nUk71namrarl27+gnv/P39+/fvf/bsWe1/t2/f7ubm1rRpUwqFUuXgsrKyKk7JFAqlQ4cO79+/r8ev/oH/JioqKkJCQq5cuYIgITTkXr58WVZWxmaz/fz8ysrKeDzegwcPcnJy3r9/HxgYWL9fdPfu3eoF2Tfi3LlzWs7e3bt37ezsli5dyuFw8vPzjx07tn379jqxg/Lz858/f75z587ly5fv3Lnz9evX9WD9VlRUgPOgVCrz8vKqfEMbHBKJZPz48QEBAX379m3WrJm5ufnhw4efPn2K6KL169d37NixylVUVFSsXr0aRmBHjx6tLRLCzc3t+PHj9+/fb9euHRiD0HBjoAreAkhx8OPXKjecnZ2xZcrJycnKylIqlQqFoqKiAvFySUlJSNkAia6wsFAsFmu9idhsdlpaWnZ2NuTpMPu/evWqmZmZDh6gv7+/lnugD5ycnOzs7CqPoxMSEhYsWFDbr8jNze3Xr5/+GsTg4OBevXppSS/Ozs4/1mTd+OeLYFNT02nTpmk0mnPnznXq1Emj0YwbN27KlCkN7vC8Y8eOP//8U8+Dc3JydHfdtJDJZP3797eysvr06RMYVwhgA0sJYRagFoGNEBISgrhgJpMJCq9EIvH3958xY8bUqVN37drl7Oz85MkTBoOxcuXKsWPHzp49Ozg4uLCw8ODBg+vWrUOn2cnJydzcfM+ePTBwQfgFtq1sNpvJZIIXgTwORLKh0MSgB5vmp0+fGhoauri4mJiYmJiY1EZW+/z5c127Ec+ePatxix8eHt6hQwcfH5/S0lKYNkilUj6fDx9y1LswfdOyq2FpjgI0OTkZxr0pKSlwwEBXODMzEzxdLGdamzmtlbK9vT1BEG3btm3ZsqWTkxOHw5kxY0aXLl0GDBjQs2dPb2/vjx8/5ubmIosO6kb4r8HIGRU29HAUCgVudPiNbDZ7zJgxtd2bi4qK7t+//+LFi9TUVAMDA219qRtPnjwxNjYmCGLChAlQ1OmPvXv3NmrUqN5RmSQSaeTIkdpb++XLl21tbZs3b16d8vH58+fExMTKS3lpaamBgcH+/fvr96t/4Af+Oty/f3/ChAkN+5oeHh737t1LS0tbtWrV4sWLoe568uTJtm3b9PRN02g0BQUFISEhJ0+edHNz8/T0fPbsWV3dyoDCwkIul0smk1+9eiUSieodF6c/6HT64sWLGzdufOnSpQMHDjx58kSpVMJtPTMzE7SQjh07Vq/tTpw4cfz48ezs7Cq5m1pwudxRo0bR6XRLS8slS5Z8/vw5JycnISEhMTFRpVLl5ORAzQb6n0gkkkqlUJ+r1ep79+65u7vDRR5zQpi7QwDDZrOTkpKUSmVubi40gljGISiHEloikaBDjKzWqVOnPn78WMf7cP/+/SqCNt3w8PAYOXKkdlj36dOnpUuX1jaDBW7dutW4cWM9S+0tW7YYGRnBtU2hUMyYMeNHnKdu/PNF8KBBgzDkOnHiRPPmzSsqKoYPHz569Oi6Uid1IyMjw8nJSSKR6Hl8Xl6enhwsHo/XoUOHxYsXq1QqJBiTyWRt5RQREcHj8RQKRUJCQnBwMEq6mJiY2NhY8CXwTUaoL2Y62INivwtuADReEokE2lUulyuXy1FqFxcXS6VSOCHAT/fVq1cg1CJOHXIuNpsdHh4OuzQmkxkdHZ2SkqJQKP74448uXbq0b99eB7U/MzMTm2k93zqNRnPy5MnKqZhaBAQENG7c2MfHp6SkJCcnB/tvDoeDqhdtVzSwuVwuIn8gZEaIMfyMYSUBMS+MHaDqA79ZIBBoc+aQuJGRkWFkZGRgYPD+/fvnz59zudyioqL09PQ3b95cunQpNDQUbyYS5MEGxj4Bz5VIJDBiS0hIAFmCRCLBKA2PuLm5VW+iV1RUwLWxtLS0oqJiz549JiYmtU1FS0pKsMfIzs6GFr579+4PHz6sK6tBo9FER0cTBOHn51fXJ2qRlJRkYmKCCZpKpYIxX2Xmn/acX79+XeWKPDw8Jk+eXI/T/oEf+Evx8uXLBucEb9my5dSpUyAtaDSapKSknTt3njt3Dk7bulFeXk4ikf744w9nZ+ctW7aQyeT6EXYrKiqwYIaFhb158yYtLe1vyKxJTk5es2ZNo0aNDA0NhwwZ4uTkpFar5XI5OrWJiYlQxe3cuXPkyJHVbxzXr19fu3YtiuYaX3/v3r0LFy589+6dgYEBlUoVCoW4P0qlUplMJhaLY2NjYbhEoVDS09Nzc3OxLKPepdPpcrkcihfcREJCQoKCgrT8OrlcDjEcrEhTUlJoNJparZZIJAhn5XA40dHRGRkZgYGB8+fP1y2GuX///u7du/V/906dOjVw4ECtCempU6c2btyo+ymfP382Nja2srL6aiuquLjYwMBgzZo1+G9sbOykSZN+LMi68c8Xwfv27cMt1t/ff926dRqNxsvLq0YX7vLy8nq3h69fv67/J1WhUOhv9hQTE9O4ceN58+ZJJBKtiIpGo+HLhvk+KlcOh5OYmIgaKzw8HD64mOkIBAKRSIS6TSwWIxWZTqenpqZSqVR8aRkMBkzE0GBGhcdms4VCYUZGBiyHQbrAWEcgEEAPp3WTSUxMhDgPyjMGg0Gj0YKDg01NTW/evFnbBWZlZdUpzFOhUEyePDk2Nrb6j6hUaqtWrby9vUtKSuRyOY1Gg2Mxk8nEdSUkJERFRYExDE4CbI/BCYYuDbsCvI18Ph8+GywWCwzjhIQEbAm0tGyRSDR69OipU6fm5eXhbcFtA0zinJwcuEBAEqd1pUAFDE91tVoNdaNMJoNtMJVKFYlEWVlZbDb72rVrFhYWVVL0Pn/+nJKSgo1cYmJiu3bt7ty5U9s7hk91QECAoaEhQRALFiyo9xwToUT6N6JqRFxc3Jw5c0BlfvjwIXrSVS7w48ePqampVZ744sWLbt26/TBK+4F/Gz58+NCwFDuBQPDbb7+9efMmMzMzLy9v//79+/fvT0hI+OoTo6KiLl26tHv37o0bN546dUp/rqcW8CzCAiUQCIKCguh0esP2jGqDSqU6cOBAixYt2rVrd/r0aaVS6efnZ25uDh02WLbgs/F4vDlz5tQYDOHn5zdnzpzaLrykpATWtk5OTtOnT5fL5YL/h/YWFhoaigUfNzvc1EgkEoPBQD8Fw0/IY7R5qzweD3dkKpUKayYmk4kGMPJZMOtjMplCoRChrdu3b79w4YLu9yQgIODo0aP6v4cnT57s0aMHCusXL164urrqw9j28PDo0KHDV6fTQUFBv/zyi5a76O3tXW8a/X8H/3wRrMVXe43ahJu6oqSkxNHRUX+GVnl5uf5rSnBwMHRLKpUKFl2o2CIiImJjY0F7CA0NFQqFMpkM1bBQKMQXFbpU2NmmpKSgNkWmBo1GE4vFsPtF35HFYuEpSHNAWRYTE4N2L1LQUBNro4AFAoFMJgOhViAQUKlUROxg73vw4MHOnTvDdfy3336rLkEtKytLSUmpU2uhsLDQ0tKyih26FrB+vHjxYn5+fmpqKiiA8EfDpWEBZbFYYWFhYGslJCRER0eDPx0dHa2Nx4uLi8PoDeJCqVRKJpPxdLjCRUdHp6amkslktElev36N8pfL5cbHxyOsBEU23l4UzZUdnUUiER4EEQ35GjgTBMvB7c7Pz2/UqFFVGjnp6elkMrmioqKsrMza2tre3l5HO6G4uNjDwwOi5jrRy6rj2rVrBEHUmw6hRVRUlIuLC/wBYSdXxb5HrVZX712JRKJBgwZpNRk/8AP1Q0VFRT2CJHTA39+/oRLjysvLfX19TUxMunTpAmdxd3f3r4YnFxUV+fn5rV+/fu7cubdu3arRKVYfqFSqtLS0oKAg3EHq4TdcP8C0zsDAgCCIZcuWxcTEqNXq9PT0wMBAExOToKAg6FvS09Ojo6Ojo6P5fP6kSZNqrA6pVKqdnV1tt5UnT56sXbs2OTm5TZs2b968KSoqSklJwa0tNjYWS65QKIyPjxeLxWKxOCwsjEwma+0yQY2jUChBQUEBAQHoNCmVSpFIRKFQhEIh7psCgUAul+NWiBsBaHU5OTloc8BKf9asWTqaF4Cfn99Xj6mMM2fO/PTTT15eXps3b3Z0dNQnfEqj0cTFxTVu3Fi3Aq+goMDU1FSbTqrRaBYtWrRlyxb9z+2/iX9REVwjGuRLHhwc7OTkpKe0CJ9+/V88KCiIIIjly5er1Wrw96lUKgJ+UeGBsB8bG4sQGszZ0fgEnZ9Go9FoNMi/aDQarBKio6ORW0alUrFzRdYxiUTi8XgikYhGo8XExMAaLDw8HD44qampoaGhXC4XxTccDNBURk2ckpLCYDCEQmFgYGDPnj2XL1+Ocj8tLW3cuHGHDx+ufGllZWXx8fH6B3Lm5ubOnDnT0NCwNmGWWCxu27btjh07FAoFRGZpaWnR0dHgeCUnJ7PZ7OzsbDhpwNMtPj4elr2JiYngafH5fPjaZGZmghSBa2SxWCh8UTRLpVLoM9BU5vP5qampUL/B5ZfH47HZbKSWgA0M0wl4aOC3pKSkyGQyEolEpVKxe6HRaJDooXkgkUgCAgKMjIyqNIF8fHxAFPbz8+vRoweXy63tTePxeDNnziQIYtWqVXouiDrg6uravHlzHb9Of+zZswddEBaL1aJFiyp2nkqlsjp58ePHjxMnTvxBC/6P48uXL4GBgb6+vvonaVXB06dPtUYlDYLnz5/b2Nh8++sgs2PFihVv3ryZPn36+fPnEe+s4ymZmZne3t47d+709PR8//59/WbTOTk5L1680Gg0Uqk0Jyen3m9s/RAREWFmZkYQhKWl5evXr4uLi9GRzc7OzszMnDx5spubG5Z0Pp+Prm1cXFyPHj0ggKuC169fW1pa1hhKWl5e7uDg8OjRo4MHDw4bNgxrO4VCYTKZYrEYU1Zk2qNshaoEhD2lUokgJFhGbNy48dq1a0VFReANJycnY7KqVCqVSiXmimBRi8ViOG9mZWWp1WpcgkqlyszM3L9/v6enp+4359mzZ3Vyhzhz5kyzZs3OnTv39OlT/e+tFRUVZmZmO3bs0HGMm5vbqFGjtJ/Gz58/9+/fX8eM9weAf3sRfPHixToFvFVHeXn5hg0bauPgV8GXL18+ffpU4/ezNqAI3rp1K4vFAkOfRCKBNioSiUJDQ0FgTUpKCggIQEkHLgR4q9h3alMYQJ/AXAbsCIjeQKVAkg3sw0JDQ93c3DAVioiIQEeTw+FERUXFx8dnZWXhGw4LYTab/eHDBy1ZIioqysjIaNq0aZU3Bjweb8KECefPn8d/CwsL67TUpqWlTZ06tX///joqOblc3qJFiw0bNigUCuzR0f1F2xWmjOijY3oFaQK4H5GRkchwB4sL/4iIiEDiNJPJRGMYjd7k5GSMw0CDzsrKQn4eNhUcDofNZrNYLMTLiUQieEpkZWVFRETAKw2elHw+HxGA4KIgjyMtLY1Go6FnLBKJ6HS6gYEBMlEBBoMxduzYiIiIgoKCfv366Qh6TUpKGjx4cIcOHe7du6f/W10bysvLjY2NBw0apA8r8auQSCRz5sxBTMbEiRP79esHsQVQVFSkUqmqP2vRokXz5s379t/+A98vwsPDCYIYOHCg/hqMKjh27NjSpUsb8JRev379jZ3gwsJCOEs+fPjw06dPycnJNjY2crlcx1MEAoGXl5eTk9OhQ4fqIU4qKCioqKiACXp+fn6VUczfg48fPx4/fpwgiC5duvj5+UkkEnRn0XlVKpVZWVmbN2+eMWMGEualUmlubq5EInn+/HmPHj2qB0xkZ2dfuHBh0qRJNb4hsbGxw4YN4/P5AwcO3LVrF5q+AoEA74BSqcTNEd5BSUlJOTk5CoUCnDfQ6pKTkxUKRUZGhqWl5eXLl9VqNfoa6G0h9JTP55PJZExT6XQ6Sl4Oh0MmkyFtR1dYrVYHBwcbGhrqDii5cOFCneTLx48fHzZsmP7Ha7F27VozM7PafhoSEtKiRQt4zwEpKSkGBgaJiYn1+F3/Kfzbi+CIiIjx48d/S3AGi8VycHCo8YZdHfn5+XXiv2o0mrt37xIEsWvXrvz8fAqFAs8vqVQaGRkZFxcHWwNY4YKzT6VSUZDl5uaiclWr1ZmZmajt5HI5iUQik8lwk2CxWDExMVhxYmNjSSQSWr8hISE0Gm3w4MFbtmyRSqWoKaOiomDmlZSUhOowLS0tLS0N+i2RSATpAJ/PHzp0aN++fasTjCQSibm5+YkTJzQaDYjI+rwDRUVFXl5enTt3Jgiib9++lcvB6gA9V61WZ2VlRUdHk8lklUrFZDKpVCrc4pKSkigUCvb62hxjVKJgbrx9+xZmwODmInYOQkPoJ5CfDAM1hMJrzZLpdLpQKLxz546rqyukwdBAoLmOc8DiSKFQlEoleg9CoVCpVIKagp4BAp+zsrISEhLCwsJmzpypXQc/f/5sa2vbqFGjT58+ubu7Gxsb12a78fjx465du44YMeLb2QtAYmLiTz/9tGHDhgZ5NY1G8+jRo1u3bmk0mm3btlUJ8CwtLa2RoLZ7924TE5MqBOIf+N8Gi8Vat27d0qVLfX19s7Ozp0+fThDE0qVL69RNqIzbt2/PnDmzAQ2C/P39bWxs6k2xeP369axZszZv3szhcIRC4enTp/fu3Tt79uzaZvoymez06dOurq6+vr71CLnIysoqLCwkk8mfP3/OysqqvPn8OxESEmJiYoIhFbhPNBqtf//+TCZTpVLFxMTACunOnTtdu3ZlMpm42UGC4ubmNmjQoCpLX0VFRVRUFIfDsbS0rDHTZ9u2bSdPnnz69GnLli1DQ0NzcnLUajUCOxGEBK4aZDCQgvD5/JCQkLi4OLFYDJt88OvMzMwePnxYXFwMuXlOTg6TyQwLC0PzAtM8lUqVnJyMuzOdTg8LC0tOTkYYE4PBSEpKYjAYCxcuHDt2rI4F7fLly5UTN78Kd3f3MWPG1COw2sfHp3PnztXDOzUaTVFR0ahRo5ycnCo/+Mcff1hYWPw9ZPHvGv/2Ilij0bx7927IkCH17gfv2LHD29tbnyPz8/PFYnFdCRhIr/D39//48SNm5cgei4mJwdcVYi88jog49IbhWcZiseDnBelbYmIi3IXx0+TkZDABUA6irwlasFQq3bFjh6mpaXp6OvwNEO4AXmxsbCyNRpNIJGgM45fCbMHDw6NJkya1ebIkJSWNHTtW/4ia1NRUKysrmByPHDmyc+fO3bp14/F4tR2/YMGCkSNHyuVylUrF5/NRWUJXgQUOUZYhISHgb2RmZtLp9LS0NAjp0A5PTU0FX0KhUNBoNBwJMkN6ejrsMlD4giYBzTIyOJRKpbfBWs+FAAAgAElEQVS3d7du3chkslqtZrFYoPkmJyejkgaPAg0Y9IxlMhn8IphMJhZfhBWBRJGSkuLg4KBlnOfm5rZr187BwSEqKqpv374hISE1vg/YO5mamjaglycCZuu0IutGYWHh1atXP378SCaTCYLw8vLS/ujz5881yoD279/fq1ev+tk8/cD3CKlU2qtXr4EDB44bN44giKtXryIDeeXKlfpPe6uAQqHAdLKhTvLNmzeWlpb1INdRqdQlS5asW7cuIiLiy5cvcAyQSCTnz593dHSsXlULBIJ9+/atWLHC29tbN02iOsrKyrhcbmFhYUREhFwu/wfLF6VSuXPnTqzqAQEBlX904MABxOhAxJKbmysQCMaOHXv58uXs7OywsDCQxExMTObOnVvlZbHSajQaS0tLHx+fKj9VqVSLFi2SSqVTp061sLDIz89XqVSYEMbFxcFmFA1duOzDhYnP5+P+COZhbGxsYmIig8GAgTFeAVpnsJZBqJNKpeieYKxHJpOhHWexWGASYgKJJsiIESN0JA8fOXKkcv/1q5gyZcqKFSv0P16L9PT0zp0713gmb9++bdeuXeUF+cuXL9bW1tVTOX6gOr6DIlij0cTGxpqZmb1+/bquT4yLi7OxsdHTswb1U11/xdGjRwmCuH37Nkox2AvAPQAkV7hDxMXFkclkrRcYDHHR46RSqXFxcUwmk0ajkUgkUP7xIILKqFQqqMCYxSNpGeHMzs7O27ZtEwgE6J7KZDJs0KGcRVsam10qlapSqfz8/AiCOHDggI4rSktLMzMz+6qp7efPnw8fPtypU6du3bp5enoyGIzs7OyIiIimTZsuWbKktmetWrVq0KBBOH/4SqL0R7cbZS7sHZKSkoRCIahmoDegWY6dPZRqKIhBewAtjEajgfAA4Rp8lDH/wjiMzWbTaLShQ4feuHHj06dP6BBje4BserxjOBkSiYSYDLSHk5OTUVvDmyI4OBh/HWtra+0np6Cg4OzZsyQSydTUtDY+2cGDBwmCWL9+fYPwFoCSkpJJkybpY6NTJ0BkWVZWNmzYsFmzZmkfLy8vr1GlevLkydatW8fFxTXgOfzAvxl8Pp8gCDMzsytXrsDI3MvLq0mTJjpcF7+KpKQkW1vbBsw5e/ny5W+//VanIriwsPDQoUO//vorDAcR5EYikUDq3bdvn6ura+XjZTLZ2bNnZ86cuX///hrbdTUClkdZWVnh4eFfvnxhs9n/VN9XCwqFMmzYMIIgNm/eXH2KJRAIbGxs4E2E4ZtIJHrx4kVwcDBMPGEo2aVLlyrm4hh4YmOzaNGi6t66L168OHHihEqlatGihaenJ2KJQkJCGAwGXjk1NVUoFDIYjJCQEIw04+PjwUuG/AMxRhgnTp48+fHjx9o1Pzk5OT8/X61WgzghEonCw8PhvITlPSMjQ6FQoKMskUiEQqFarYZT6sWLF8ePH1/jlqysrGz+/Pn6F8GlpaW9e/euUwxyZYwZM6bGgNJff/11+fLllR9hsVjt27evU8TVfxbfRxGs0Wiio6N/++23t2/f1ulZ7u7ueraBKyoq0tLS6nFiCCv39fVVqVTwcEFIMlqbIPuiAo6Pj4+Ojg4KCoqLi0McA5lMRk+XRqNFRUVRqVTkbcIcEWkRUVFR+MJHRESkp6fDT41KpaanpwuFwvDwcCMjo/v37yOnHnYwcD/QWupi3J+SkvLu3btRo0YZGxt/leybmpo6ZsyYy5cv13YAlUq1tbUlCGLhwoUUCmXFihVWVlYI+Vy3bt3QoUNru4F5e3s3atQoKCgIsT3wsmGxWFAqoLLn8/lgGlAoFKS4wQM4PT2dTqdHR0dnZmZiIUtISIBrOnS+cI0ACRgtcyzWuHxMykD5tbOz279/P6THiYmJEokEfzUcIxKJUObiTYatBLQgqampCoUCf9+0tLTMzMx79+5VZ/0uW7Zs5MiRNbaCDh8+TBCE1sqxoYDtzYcPHxr2ZT99+gS2xpEjR9q0aVO5slEoFNVDkh89etS2bdva+t8/8L+H4uLi3bt3z549u1+/fn369ImJiYH7uJ5hQzVCIBBYW1vXg0hQG96/fz969Gj9W8uBgYHTp093c3PDB/7Fixfh4eFZWVna1q+np6dWpZSTk3P58uW1a9fevHlT/3MuLy//8uWLRCIJCgoqKiqqn09wg+PChQs//fRTnz59amO1we7m0qVLoPOB3gDlsUgkwtp4/vz5rl27VrZQLC0thTM9/rty5coqQtvi4uIFCxbQaLQDBw6MHj0anSCZTAbbyszMTDgBgwghFouVSqVMJgPJsLCwUCqVSiQSqHXFYvGTJ0+sra1hUoFTgmJHJBJFRkZyuVy1Wq19CgiEMpkMzhJisbigoCAhIQEGTQkJCe/evevXr1+NuWu5ubnLli3T/28XGhrarVs35KrUAx4eHm3btq3C7Xz06FHz5s2rcH8RyfGDC6EPvpsiWKPRkMnkKVOm6K/ETE5Onjx5sj6K+4KCgnp71mzatIkgiMDAwIKCAnhpIW+GTqejH0mj0SIjI9EVZjKZMJ1FqYeyD9lpqJXZbDYcvuB3C38JsViMYQ2HwyGRSNDGwU8tPT199erVhoaGWVlZfD4fCQ6xsbEsFgs0f7FYDCeElJQUZ2fnJk2axMTE6Lic/Px8TKxEItH06dNrTD++dOlS48aNu3TpohX/cjicAwcOYL7/9u3b9u3bVw/aBZDmcP78+bKyMg6Hg6QMrQUEj8eDKA2UD3hZUKlUUBRwGCgfML5B5vP27dsdHBwsLCwcHR3nz5+/bNmyNWvWeHl5PX36lEqlQlGXnZ2dkZEBE2KxWLxp06Zdu3bl5uYqlUr4nQmFQgqFAtpxUlISYudQW3O5XPSq09LSwIWAoVtiYiKLxXJxcanieXn48OGWLVvW+A4gqHnPnj0N7m1kampqZGRUbxamDqSnp5eWlsbFxREEcfr0ae3jWVlZ1YtgCoXSunVr3RlLP/C/BCaT2b9//4sXL3p7e6N9eP78+ZYtW+rgRH0VMpls2rRp31JGV0FAQICJiYk+bo8SiWTLli0WFhaoAktLS6Ojo9lsdpUN7aJFizw8PAoKCh49erRixYqjR4/q3/0FWCxWaGgoYoPq9MS/CMXFxaBAmJub674bbt68edu2bWKxGHQ+uVwOwlhqaqpMJktPT3dwcKiijn337l1lsc2ZM2ecnJwqk0kCAwO3b9+uVqvbtWu3du1atGCzs7MlEgkGevHx8SDOoeTNyMhAbwhdJIjhMGXl8/l79uz57bff4KcpEolYLFZsbCxIEWgnoyAGQQIvggclEgnuPiDRwcczOTnZwMCg8tKn0WiKioqePHkya9YsOzs7/YdvW7duHTp0aD0IwQCVSiUIwt3dnc1mw7+fxWINHDhw5cqVVY40NTWt0hv+K0ClUkNCQmJjY58/f46yQaPRJCYm+vv7R0RE/BU3o78C31MRrNFo3r9/P27cON1lnBZOTk56ujXl5ubKZLL6ySYWLFhAEATSeuDbAjvDtLQ0jNdjYmKQbQZFKlJtSCQSjUbLysri8XhhYWGw+oI1GAb0DAYDwRlIZEhKSkJaOgpclUqVmJhIo9FkMllkZOTQoUOvXLmSnZ0NfwnYDMNoAh4LDAbj4cOHzZo1QxyJDmCJwb/5fP6UKVMOHDig/ZIXFxdDLGxiYkImk6s899ixY7/99lt6evrUqVOvX79e4+unpqa2adMG8yDoedPT0xUKBc4cfW68V5C4xcXFIXsPaxkschgMhkAgyM3NJZPJdnZ27u7uEDQgTwgXe/78+fXr169du3bNmjWnTp26cePG/fv3r1+/fv/+fR6Pt3XrVgcHB/wKJE7DpQ4uxdqucGJiItQYLBYLYzIqlZqZmQkniuTk5H379lVxU//w4UPPnj1rrALPnDmDKkGPj1Xd8O7dO4Igzpw50+CvrNFoioqK8vLycnNzDQwMJk2apF3B0aepcnBycnKrVq1++PL8d1BYWOjg4NCqVasOHToYGxunpKT4+PgYGxt/i99fcXHx7NmzGQxGQ53kixcvjIyMvmpP5uvrO2HChGPHjn369KmiooJKpWLbXP3I+fPne3l5HTx48ODBg/o7EpaVlZWVlb169QrFXG2S2b8fFAoFJmgXL178avvwzJkzq1evRuARal8+nx8TE5OYmAhCc6tWrbRCYfRcS0pKKm/7w8LCNm3apL3hlpWV7d27l8fj+fr6/vTTT3Q6XTujk8lkDAYjISFBJpNh1ocBaXBwMJ/Phz4PK3Z8fHxERERaWtqnT592797t4OBQVFREp9NjYmLkcnliYiJuImghQd1BIpEq6+0wNsRfXEuBw1TQw8PDxMREW9VFRUU5Ojru2bNn9erVum3LKiM/P79Dhw5VWuB1QllZ2ezZswmCaNeuXffu3QcPHtyqVashQ4ZUqcLhWNWwJoM1AnKgHj16gD6uUCgeP37cvn37Jk2aNGnSxNHR8d/zCdeB76wI1mg0AQEBxsbGXx37fvjwYe7cuXqyyoRCYb3TJlEEBwcHq9VqiNLg0gXrLh6PhxYmg8FAvgNCknNyctD3Rc4ZmUwmkUiw/WKz2TExMej7oqJFGxgcYg6HA1UsOpRcLjcnJ+fatWujR48OCgoCrRmSBUyUcLxYLB4yZIg2Ulx/ZGVl2djY4HtbXl6+YsUKgiCsra1rc9u4cuVKTEzMgQMHVq9eXeMBpaWlkydPdnBw0Gg0Z8+etbOzmzt37vHjx319fRFiiXK2tLSUxWIlJydnZWXh2kEL5nK5GHLJ5XIGg7F06dJNmzbpOP+ioiJEyr18+TIgIODMmTPHjx93c3MbMGCAvb19dHT0kydPYmJi3r9/TyaTEWddUFCAGLmcnJy8vDz0G2QymUgkio6ORr0eGRnp7e29cuVKb2/vytHB/v7+HTt2rNEd89atW9jE6//m64kvX77Y2Nj07NmzrkIcPaF1Q5s7d27Lli21Sr7y8vKCgoIq669QKPzpp59OnTr1V5zJD/w7UVpaymQyg4OD0dQsLi7++PHjN3LTly5d+o3Bh5URHBw8duxYHUUwj8dzcXGxs7NDhyUvLw+S2epPKSoqCggIGD58+PPnz6tPQmoDyl8wrAoKCurdC2xwFBYWnjlzpmnTpgMGDIC1+Vdx8uTJVatWqVQq3GvQ3AFbNyMj48iRI7169dLeeQUCQXWjNM3/x2QC/v7+2MBPnjwZtoxQIScmJmZnZ2sHcampqSh5EW+RkJCAthGVSoVPBSwvCwoKNmzYMH369KysrPT0dIFAAGNgre0mg8Gg0+loasB+XiwWR0REJCYmikQi6OHQcoK0HR6jgwcPRpDty5cvbW1tnz17ptFo9u3bp79k//Xr140aNao3FwLw9fWdN2/ejRs3tm7dumPHjjNnzowfP/7w4cNKpbKiokIgEBw9erRr166tWrWqMbS1YWFra9uiRQsGg/Ho0SOCIM6dOzdixIgRI0akpaWhWQY+/b8c318RrNFoXr9+PW7cuBo5OkBBQcHMmTP1ISaWl5eDMl/v8fT8+fPbtWsXFxcHIj+bzabT6dnZ2ajhMLjncrlozSYkJCQnJ1MoFBaLhaxjOp2OfWdMTAwUAGC4wlYiOTkZlTTmQTA7A3EC9l5wF87IyFi1apW1tTXKZRAqYmNj8fTU1FR8InV/XbOzs2v06lKr1QsXLly/fv2SJUsIglixYoVu0feXL19u3749ZcqU2g5YsWLF4MGDy8rKxGLxpUuXNm7cuHDhwmnTpo0bN27QoEFWVlZHjhy5du3amzdv4GQOJgObzZbL5di+ozBNT0+3s7NbvHhxnVr4hYWF2dnZJBJpzpw5QUFBvr6+Fy5c2L1794kTJ3bs2LFz584LFy4cPnz44MGDvr6+586d8/Lyunnz5smTJ9evX79u3TovLy83N7dVq1YdO3asykQiKiqqT58+NSZ+BwQENGvWbOPGjQ2bgwX4+vqCYdLgr6wFSG8nT56EEUrlx6vwLCUSyc8//1zZR0IHqszL/j2VwQ/849iyZUudgrh0Izo6esyYMTUGeufk5Bw5csTe3h4cLY1GExkZic1wlSO/fPny7NmzjRs3rl+/ftiwYfrzH4qLi5HuW1hYWO9uS4NDJBJdunTJ0NCwcePGGzdu1NNFVKPR0Gg0S0vL6OhohN6D0adUKnk8XlRUVNeuXQ8ePIgjxWLxV7vvZWVlhw4dysjIiI+Pb9++/ePHj1G5IkYKdu9kMhnulqhZ4YYUFxcnEAigqMYJiMXipKQkuVzu4ODg7Oz88ePH4uJimA3jfsrn86GN43K5CoUiOzubwWDARgnN5tzcXC2/WWstLBKJ1Gr11atXx48ff+XKFWtra0zAysrKtmzZoidpp6KiwsbGZsaMGd94C5BKpevXr6/8SGpq6ty5c6dNmzZz5kwrK6stW7bs27dvwIABDfhJKy0thTHo27dvKxs8W1lZDRo0SKPRFBcXt2jRYteuXT169Ni2bZtGo5FIJFUMhf61+C6LYI1G8/z58yFDhlQ2Lq2MI0eOrFq16qt1bUVFhVqtFggE3+LFM2/evB49esCuC5xRfFfZbDaHw6HRaPDnwswFIRrwtUWLF65eUImx2Wz4OcDyEGsBbArIZHJaWppQKKTT6TCFgWUEUoJ5PN7bt29bt2594cIFuCrCtTEhIQF+MT179ly4cKHuN6SwsLA2VceXL1+cnJwIgtiwYYM+iUevX78eNWpUbfK727dvd+/evQqPtqCggEajPXjwwM3Nbdy4cUOHDjU2NjYzM1u8eLGTk9P27du9vLw8PDxu374dFBT07NmzgIAAFot1/fr1PXv21GPm8uXLlwULFlQ2Mfj48SPscl68eHHjxo1Lly5dvnz54sWLFy5cOHPmzOXLl/38/AIDAykUSlpaWvVyLTQ0tEePHpUjK7WgUCgtWrRYuHBhXU9ST1hYWFS35GxYlJaWFhcXBwQEVFnXoqKiqjfDWrZsqbsTLBQKjxw54unpaWpqum7dOnxOrl69Om7cuMmTJ6PIvn///rZt21avXm1tbY12wqVLlzw9PRsk9+sH/v3YsWNHA95BWSyWmZlZFTvCL1++3Lt3z87ObteuXRDAUSiUx48fBwYGVqczvnz5csmSJZjaKxSKadOm6U7K0Gg0nz9/BjUrMTHxy5cv/5I9nkqlCgwMdHJyatu2LUEQdnZ2td1Ga0N5efny5cu9vb0FAgEyOJFCn5ycvHLlyj59+mjrwtTU1K+uS7GxsRERERqNxsnJycjISKVSIR1DJpPFx8fT6XQwfTkcDsyXUlNTExISQBfOzMyUSCQZGRlaMTSUMObm5seOHfv48WNGRgYE1mgPQWYNkUxsbCyymRCWgSI+IyNDIpGQSCQYjyIvCTZtMPzp27ev9lPEZrO3bt2q55v28OHDFi1a1GgrWVds2bIFfejKQHQUzu3WrVs9evSo9+sXFRVlZWVFRUV5e3u7u7svX77czs7OwsJi/PjxVlZWkZGR2iPt7OxatGhBIpHOnj0Le4Dhw4cbGhpmZmZeu3btq323fwm+1yJYo9EEBgZOnDix+hc4JSXFxsZGH4OesrKyyn/R+mHBggWNGzeOjY2VyWQgIQgEAjKZjI4slga0AaCjgtkZQshg+4WGsVgsht0B4jBSU1NhWQAGBSY1mP7w+XxQJjAhgmWBSqVyc3ObOHEiZvdxcXFxcXEIY9u4cWP37t31n9xVx+3bt1+9emVvb1+jTq460tLSfv3119rUFUlJST179kQKaI34/PlzXl4efC0ePnx47Nix7du3r1mzZt68eYsWLZo9e/bYsWNHjBhhYWExZsyYESNGmJubnz59uk55pGVlZevXr6/NLLmuiI2N7dKly8qVKytTIwCFQjFo0CBTU9Mau1Dfjg8fPhAEURsDu6FQXl7O5/Nzc3Nbt26NjT6AGBGNRsPj8U6cOOHv7//69WuCIHbu3Kmj4cFgMAiCmDBhwurVqwmC8PHxefDgQdu2bTdu3Dh58uSuXbuq1erff/8dm66pU6e2bduWRqONHz+eIAgLC4u/9Ep/oEHw7bL08+fPfzWxVn/QaDQzM7PKm/yQkBComuBvlZube+vWLW9v7+pUZjabvW3btq1bt2r3zCwWa9GiRbqpZampqVeuXPnw4UNKSkr1ZeFvA1qhISEh9+7dO3nypIODQ+fOnZs0adKrV6+lS5fW+/YXFBRka2srEAhycnKSkpIiIyMZDIaVlVXTpk1Hjx6tfw8yJycH9AAmk9m8efM///xTo9FgyieXy1NSUhB0jJg3iEZIJBI6QbDIhFMQ2j2wSONwONOmTXvx4gXSkeD+C/chmO5DrhMdHY3fgu4y7qRRUVEgGULXDqYiHIXT09NRW2tP3tPTU0+zs+zs7K5duzo7O9f9na4B/v7+uhORrly5Mnr0aD1fLSMjg0wmP3/+/M8///Tw8Fi4cOHMmTOtra2trKwcHR1dXV0PHz786tUrtMOrcJxmzpzZsmXLTp06EQRhZWVVVFR07969Tp06NW3atFGjRkuWLKlr9Ng/gu+4CNZoNM+fPx8xYkQVhZaLi8uNGzf0ebpAIPj2EHa0SN+/fw/BKZ1ORzMYKRgQsdLp9Ldv32JDiUFPSkpKdnZ2dHQ0jBWjo6Pj4uLA4mUymfjqQrXKZrOFQqHWwQDEpnfv3uFbDZIT0iAZDMaECRO8vLy+fPkilUoR3hMdHd2mTRvdxsAlJSUikai2lfrPP/8EmTU3N3fq1Kn6tGekUqmZmZkO/aKhoaGbm9tXX6dG5OXlYQVEZMbbt2/379/fo0ePRYsW1UmO+scff+jwgNMfMMWssdFeUlJiZ2fXuXPneoSm6oBCobhw4YKbm1tWVtaqVauGDBnyt81YjY2Np06dqi1xcnJysrOzNRqNQCBYu3btihUrbG1tDQwMTExMZs+ePW/ePHd397Nnzz569CgyMlL7AcMNDzYvw4YNmzFjhpWV1cSJEzUajUgk6tq165MnT1xcXPr06aPRaBITE9u2bXvy5MkJEyaMGjXq77nMH/hG3Lhx4+rVq9/yCjdv3lywYEFDnQ+LxRo/fjwK3Pz8/B07dlhYWGgJi/7+/gsXLqxO5ZdKpe7u7hs2bAgMDKy8qQsJCXF2dq5tm5eVlfX27dtXr15p9fJ/D9RqNZfLjY2NvXPnjoeHx6xZswwNDbt3796lS5cWLVp07NixR48eNjY2Xl5eMTEx39IT0Wg0ZWVlHh4es2fPhrmYVCq1t7c3NzdPSEhYsmSJ/n96dHY1Go2Tk1Pv3r1hXsZgMEJDQxEgihtfZmYmiUQikUgYcsbExCiVSqFQGBgYGB8fD800DEaFQiFSZt+9ewcXy9zcXIjhtOah2LpzOBwulwuL/cjISFj40+n0zMxMLpcbHBwMvR1IFKWlpYGBgRMmTND2MlQqla2trZ4WKLNnz+7YseO3SEUro6ioaNWqVTo+XVevXjU0NKz++MePHzkcTmxsrLe398aNG6dNmzZ16tRJkyaZm5vPmTNn5cqVXl5e/v7+SE7VR09lbm5uZGREoVBiY2O1ihSwYigUyvdi0PZ9F8EajcbPz2/KlCnaKcOFCxfmzJmjD73hy5cvfD6/3plGWqAIxiSCz+dzuVwo3rQBEPCRgT8asnbB5UUiA4lEwr9hakun05EShydyuVwYQTCZTOTlgFwBN2IcDEUClUpNSUl5+fLlhAkT3r59q1QqMzIyMjMzHR0dBw0apNvI8NOnT+np6TUWwZBzzZgxA19+sVg8derUo0eP6n5PiouLJ02apIO07eDgYG1t3YCxDhKJxN7e/tdff9WfqPf06dNvEeoCcXFxgwYNWrZsWY1tIQyJGnAklJiYeOTIEUtLy7Vr14aEhCQlJXXs2PHBgwcN9fq6kZeX1717dwMDAy19sKSkpHKHu6ysTKlUvnz5MjY29v379/fv3z9//vyJEyc2b968f/9+7beSwWC0adMmKChIo9GMGDECVLZJkyZpNBqJRPLLL788fPhw2bJlKIKTkpJat259//79SZMm/eBCfC94+fKlpaXlt9DMnj17Nm/evIbi0MtkMmtr6/j4eD8/PwcHh02bNmHzxuVyPT09jx49Gh8fX+UpDx48cHV1vXfvXvWrePHihYuLS/Xf8vnzZz6fHxQU9I3ip6/i06dPKpWKxWI9evTo+PHjy5cvt7CwGDBgQIcOHQiCgNGvhYXFokWLjh496uPj8/r1aw6H8+0dn8ooLi7eu3fvq1evpFLpzp07e/fujemrr69vjYEO1aFQKFgslkajoVKpLVq0uHz5MmahkNagPRQRERESEsJkMuPj48GIQPgUnU7HrRBCatxqU1JShELh27dvjY2NyWQypHu4adJoNJg/0Gg0RLpqA5PT09NBKUbCVHp6emZmZkpKilQqlcvlEolELper1WoXF5c//vhDe/LPnz/fuHGjPpe5d+9egiDqGnGgG6dPn9bRjbp27VrPnj1lMllERMS9e/eOHTu2Y8eOZcuWzZ0719LScsaMGS4uLkeOHLl8+fKLFy9g21q/07Czs4PG/bvGd18EazSaS5cu/fbbbwqFAhJOPWk38fHxDeJjhyIY3g5cLhfZNkj6hTsvFHIgJ4Hdr1AoSCSS1hoCVAfk3NBoNISocblcfNt5PB6ZTOZwOFDUpaamIo4uLCyMwWAwmUwQJJhMJsxcbGxszMzMuFxuSUnJ+/fvmzZtWm/nLBqN1rx5cyMjo8o1tEQisbW11UofaoOpqakOn6zTp0+3adNGLBbX78RqxMePHx0cHObMmaNnbU2hUDZt2vQtPVQKhdKmTZspU6bU+Bujo6NbtmzZUIZoCoVi//79I0aMWL58ufaGvWnTpp49e+J2/jfgzp07BEH07dtXu9MoLy+vUiKkp6f36tVLx/5Ho9HEx8c3b9586tSp7u7u4HL88ccfTZo02bx584wZMzp16pSTk/I1xAgAACAASURBVAMfEldX1wkTJnTu3DkzM3PYsGHjx4//Cy/vBxoOhYWFv/76q+6PgW58+PBh2rRpDWU1mpuba2Vl5evru2HDBq1g+ubNm0uXLqVSqVUOlkql27Ztc3Z2rq3Px2azq5My09LS3r17RyaTGzayUQuJROLv73/27Nn58+cPGjSoefPmBEE0adKkVatW3bp1mzx58urVq69evQqz87y8vAZ3Iq8RJSUlDx48IAhC+4bcv39//vz5+jxRKBSiCTV37tyRI0cWFRVBZieXy7V2DejOonkELgQU4RCuqdVqxFsIhUI2m83lcvPy8sLDw8eMGSOXy/Pz8ykUCppNaWlpSqUSPWMmk5mamooMJkRySCQS3LtBWZTJZPB/RAqpQqF4//79hAkTKjdHd+/erY/1ASTpX41frStEIpGtrW3lXQ0Mle/fv3/69OmJEye2bt169OjRkydPXrRo0aZNmy5evPjy5UsOh5Odnd2AY8Pc3NyG3Vn9I/hfKII1Gs2tW7dsbW3t7e19fX31OR5uuA2yWml9gktKSrKysuCwDeo94s4lEkl8fHxaWlp2djaHw4H1OmLSwPoH9R5cJagBwsLCoGllsVjp6ekZGRmIjYAtGmxreTwe2MbIolMoFEg7CwkJGTBggK+vL0ZUAwcOrN/HlMfjGRgYdOjQgU6nV/kRn8+fNm3avn37dDx98ODBhw4dqu2nb9++JQhC/9wTPfHp06dx48YdOXJEn4MlEom5uXkVrYz+CAwMbNOmjb29fY1jqdLS0uHDh5uamn5LMwxQq9WHDx+ePn363r17K2/wkpKSWrRoUZmj9peipKTE3d193Lhxffv21UqCiouLq4gpo6Oj+/Xrp9udh8VidezY0cLCYvr06a6urmq1ury8/ODBg5aWlvb29hDGOTs7t23bdvHixXPnzn348KFGo/Hy8jp37txfdn0/0MDYt2/ft8QixsfHW1lZNQiTnk6nz5kzp3JSF5lM3rVrl7u7e/UJ9Zs3b5YvX3769Gn9h7lKpfLRo0fv3r37lqTo6sjOzqbT6X/++aeLi8vo0aPbtWvXpEmT7t27jxkzZsmSJdu3b/fx8YHT7TdyG74RDg4Ow4cP18r+PD09T548+dVn5ebmwjqNTCY3bdrUx8enpKRESz8QCoWobtVqtVwuB/kYfqPIN4YcXCKRxMbG0mg0kUgEU1GVShUQEDBu3Dgej5ednY1gI7VaDa8JTFyFQqFMJsvPz09OTobxPKJGRSIRzJfgCEEikRgMhlQqzczMXL58eWV3y9LS0mXLlun+c5eWlu7YsYMgiAb3i8zMzKTT6ZMnT165cuWOHTtWrlzp5OQ0f/78efPmubi47Ny58+LFi35+fomJif+SHJZ/Of5HimCNRnPp0qV+/frVaPJVBUVFRSKRqKEo287OzgRBvHr1SiAQZGVlMZlMCoWCWGO0hCUSCYwGk5OTYcUSGxubmJiYlJQEwgP2pmASQ8QK8gOsEDEAAkGCyWQymUwajYavLofDwSgHqTnImxCLxT4+Pk5OTmfPnm3WrNnt27frcVFqtfq3337TzqxrPMDOzu7w4cO19Rusra23b99e2+tLpdJu3brVmxasA7Dw1OfemZ+ff+7cufq1UX19fdu0aePq6lrbrnrz5s0gydTjxbUoLS29c+fO3LlzN23aVH2+sWHDBgMDg7/NjTw4ONjHx2f//v2//PKLtghWq9VVyog7d+4YGhrqvj0g90i3KnHmzJm9e/f+9tP+riESidatW+fu7m5hYbFt27a8vDwej7dt27Z9+/Y5Oztfvnz58ePHv//++9WrV/+etl+dkJaWNmnSpHqnASuVyjFjxrDZ7G85B6FQuHv37okTJ+7atcvMzAy65EOHDnl6elZXLOTn5588edLV1bVO4Rdv3rx59OgRjUZrkJZKXl5eRETEuXPn5s2b17dvX4IgWrVqNXbsWFdX1yNHjrx///7bN9UNC39/f4IgtCrnwsJCR0fH6hk6VSCXy7GgFRUVjR49etq0aYh8wziXy+VmZmaKRCKBQADjURB2hUIhSlipVBoXF8disYRCISJUMzIyoEePi4s7d+6ck5MTolLRMMJYNTw8nMPhIFMpPT0dqnQymZycnCwQCBDSBJ9gBoPB4XCYTCaUeVwu197evjJh5smTJ9u2bdPB1UHOFEEQkPp9C7Kzs6Oioh48eHDixImtW7cuWbLE0tJy2rRpS5cuXb9+/cWLF58/f06n0/Pz87XnQyKRZs6c+Y2/97+D/5EieN++fXFxcc+fPzc2Nk5OTtZ9cEZGRgNOkNevX08QxO3btzMzM1GPZmZmstlsGo2G7SwEaqAIMxgMMByio6NBYBCJRNitCgQCdHZR3cJamMfjMZlMuBVyudyEhATU0+np6ampqeAQZ2RkgP3DYrEEAoFcLqdSqbNmzWrUqNGyZcvqcUXFxcXW1taNGzfWHX4rFArv379fmyeDi4vL7t27a3vuly9f7O3tjYyMGvzmXVhYOHXq1G+Zw34ViD7WERSEG8O3tME0Gk1sbOz06dPt7e2joqKq/1Qqlfbp0wct0r8B6enpzs7OUql04cKFAwcO1HLIoKqufOSBAwcGDx6se4cpFAo3bNigm7Z0586d/fv3/0WT5e8FCAJs166dnZ0dQRC7du2CGciQIUMGDx5MEISRkRFKJT1DNP9mLFu2rErYrP749OnTqFGj6r2NLCsrO3fu3LBhwzw9PUFhnzFjRnBw8K1bt6hUavVlJz09ffr06adPn9bfyEwqlW7YsOHAgQPfXpgqFIp79+7Z29u3a9eOIIhmzZoNHz7c1dX11atXMpmsTr43fyfKysqMjIxmz56tfeT+/fsrVqzQ/azS0lIk3mv+X3MSFBTEYrHCwsL4fD5SKqB7CQsLgyUlIuv5fD6szaCuAUdCoVBQqVQUxDQajcvl7t27d+PGjThYKpUiWAr0BriR4pWpVCoE1rBXg8E/WMVpaWkZGRklJSVwTHv58uWqVasqX/X69etrTAABoqOjDQwMevbsieTtb8T169etra2XLl3q4eFx9erV8PBwoVCI6S6FQqkxNezDhw+jRo36F26M/534XyiCnzx5MnnyZBBMT548aW5urkOMX1xc/C2h9tXxxx9/EARx7NgxpVJJpVITEhLgZRYTEwN7wqSkpJSUFIFAkJqaCl/xpKQkxCMjSQ7xyDCOgISORCIhqwZmETQaDa3iuLg4vAjMgxERDIkAqBRwjeHxeI8fP+7Vq1f9yPibNm0iCAKJ0/UeqaxcuVK3n9q5c+fatm2rO6S+fli7du1flBxRVlbm6enZuHHjU6dO1dYGKCwsHDx48IABA75qI1ob2Gz2unXrpkyZosP37fbt2wMGDPh72MD+/v4LFixAmlSnTp1cXFxw7eXl5ZBpVz54x44dtra2f8NZ/Rfw5s0brTHzzJkzp06d6ufnh3xKOp0OIiaDwWjSpInu/eo/hUePHtnZ2dVvJ1NWVmZubq5nhlkVhIaGzpo1a+HChdqNlre39+DBg6szuwB/f38XF5c6lSxPnjxxdHS8du3at9ifKRSKwMBAZ2fnbt26EQQxYMCAOXPm+Pj4sFis72L7h5wwbbp1QUGBnZ3dV23XpFIpbtAZGRk9e/acN2+eQqEA/Q83QRqNFhYWxmQyYTKA7g+CpTBB5XK5crmcy+ViuEomk+GhlJWVlZOTM2/evH379snlcg6HI5FIxGIxn8/PycmBQk47gEXqMg4TCARcLjclJQVqcjqdTqFQsrOz1Wq1Uqk8fvx4ZUmcTCa7fv16jeu/Wq328PBo2bKlvb19Q3lBFBQU1CbfFwqFM2fOhLiwMgIDA0eOHPm9mDP84/jui+D09PSpU6dWFjd4e3uPHz++tko3MzPz2x0hKiMmJoYgCFThoOfDr5vJZIL+C1dguBJqXc8EAgGSNTIyMqRSKZi+PB4Pu9Xk5GQmk8nlcpGdAV4En8+HnA5ffviviUQiMplMoVBA8I+NjY2MjIyKirp79+7p06f1jzXXAuuavb19WVlZaWmpjY2NDkNfHdi4cWNlQ9nqEIlEzZs3v3DhQj1eXDc8PT0dHR0b/GWLi4uXLl3aqFEj3ZnsBw8erBKrpj9UKtWWLVuMjIz279+vu8C1tLSs3Jz4i/D58+czZ84sWrQIDqk+Pj4EQWjbz0Kh8Pnz55XbYHl5eWPGjPkuUoK+CyCdBALTJUuWWFtbP3v2DJ0zJpPZrFkzeCy2aNGiuk7r34CcnJyhQ4fW24x20qRJdZ11xMfHb9iwYdq0aVrLFAqFsmXLlqNHj06cOLFyOI4Wt27dmjNnjj48OiA3N9fDw8PFxeWrI0fd57lu3bqePXsSBDFixAh3d/fo6Ojvq3VXUFAwdOjQpUuXah+JjIycP3++7qsoKCgoKSnBMYsXL/7ll1+ioqLy8vJUKpVMJkOTCG5IiIWj0Wh8Pl8sFkdGRiIrTiKRIG+Vz+dHRERAaC6XyxUKhUql4vP5M2fO9Pb2hjUEUu6TkpLQXYqKioJiJycnB70nsVgcFxeH1Ni8vLxz587Z2dkNHDhwwIABjo6O+/bt279/v7m5eeXt0/Pnz1NSUqpfWmBg4LBhw5o0aVK5Yv6r8ebNm/nz51fRj0ZERJiamv5tgunvHd93Eczj8SwsLKoXJZ6enubm5hKJpMrjyHJr2HNQqVTDhw9v0qTJw4cPVSoVpjYxMTHY1CYnJ1OpVGxnIyIiYGooEAg4HA7YCzBQg6saqEsJCQmZmZkwhYDzQ1JSElSuWmNw+LbAUVibJIfxUEpKiqen5+jRozkcjrW1dWhoqP7Xkpyc3LZtWxMTE7x15eXlbm5uNZoBfRUbN278/fffdR8zceLE6dOnN/iG9dq1a1ZWVg37miqVavbs2e3atXv69KmOwygUCkEQ+scIVcaTJ0/s7OxWrFjxVXsTEonUp0+fKvbYDY74+Pjt27dfvnwZtONPnz6ZmZm1a9dOy/clk8lVpgSvX79u3bp1w5oi/5cREBDQqFGjsWPHHj16tHnz5hs2bEBvODAwELzq0NBQJI/oI1T/R+Du7r5p06b6PdfFxUV/3Wd2dvbx48dnzZp14sQJMPWDgoIOHTp09uxZEIsdHByqkEbKy8uRXKiPJSoQHh7u4uJy8eLF+sW/lZeXv3jxYt68ec2aNTMwMNi4cSOZTNYdutGwKC8vz8/Pb5A28+7du1u1alW533ns2LGv2iAgnVjz/1Qfb29vqNwEAgFovnBjgCpOqVTC2kytViM0TiwWI9wB3qAJCf/H3leHNfX+7x/fBqIoKqgYWFgIKLaASCiINEh3SZeEEhatkiooKCUoGCglgggK0jW2MWLkNmr06B6/P57rt4uLGCOsz9f7Lx1n5zyr57zift03sq6urrOzEwgAgxrThQsXnj9/PjY2BoPBgPcbGJ7DYrG1tbXgFozFYoHyGh6PB8TCoaEhBwcHXl7eyMhIOByelJTk7+9vaGh49erVZ8+ekeq+RCIxPT19iqYYEok0MDBYvXq1kpIS5dnUUuH69etTxJqKi4uPHTu2mCTt/xT+4iCYQCBcvnwZdO2n49GjR2fPnp08oDMyMlJQUPAzjLs+fvy4bNmyXbt2ff/+vbW1FRia5+fnA4m0nJycuro6EA2DYBeFQqFQKMDrBeY3oONTWlqKxWLhcHhxcXFLSwsQEgfPxWKxhYWFwA4HkIlB7Aukv0tLS79+/QqE1X78+LF582YQh4WHh/Px8VFIWRsZGbl48eLy5csnZ70pKSnAynK+74mdnd2cWveurq6rVq2a4p88JwYHB6dvQ5ORlZV1/PhxkhDS4lFRUXHy5ElGRkbyzMvh4eHz588Dw7N5nb+xsVFFReXChQsUymWYmJhcvHhxXpeYL96+fausrDyZcJaUlARBEEn8CAaDTa8+CgkJ8fPz/xWd3L8Cnz9/XrZs2eHDhzdu3MjNzQ3yXn5+fqCQevLkSTgcXlpaysTEFBcX97sXOzPy8vL4+PgWpnR2584dQ0PDOQ8bHx8PDg4+d+6coqIiqH7V1NTY29ubmZlNLv1KSkoCcziA3t5ePT09KysrCr+uo6Ojfn5+srKyM5aT58Tg4GB0dDQYlmJhYQkODv5lBjeTQSAQLly4sHjlciwWS0VFNUUF4tq1a2R2SCKRiMPhAHuko6ODiYnp/PnzOBwOEHzBXBrQBgZEQdJQDWDoAiUH4GwMpno6OjqAZ3JDQwMoFTU3N9fV1bGzs4eGhra3tyORSFA/BhJpQEu4qKgoNze3oKAgNzc3JycHyDfV1NQ8efJEUFBwzq27qalp8sBJbW2tpaXlxo0bmZmZyddHfh6am5vFxcUn30YrKytPnTo1G/nnH6bgbw2Ce3t75eXlNTQ0yBzj5uYmLi5O0sAC8gs/aT23bt1au3btli1bREREwsLCAC0hMzMTi8W2t7fX1taWl5e3tLQA+Qg0Gg2Hw6urq2EwGFARBpyk4uLisrIyEOwC9zjwowVTq2g0OjU1taqqCiiKgx0BSBsikUg8Hg/0X5SUlNavX9/Q0DAxMUEkEnV1dSm0dnRwcIAgaMrB/f39YmJiFArPTYaPj8+ckuk/fvyAIOjx48dkjhkbGwOVEgKBAGrG2dnZGzZsCAgImI2VSyAQTp8+DWyWY2NjF1azISE9PZ2env706dNzFjifPHkyWS+TQkRFRfHw8NjY2FCoc9TS0rJ9+/bQ0NB5XYVyDAwM+Pj4eHl5TU4ge3p6gDgaKPw0NTVZWFiQuIAAEREREATFx8f/pIX9HwSYsAwKCiJ1kEkAbKWJiQkikdjX1/fH8v8ApWphUVdAQIC+vj6ZAwYHBwMCAhQUFDQ1NUHC1tHR4evra29vP31gSEpKihQEo1AoKSmp27dvU8hAKCoq0tXVvXXr1gJsBXp6ejw9PU+fPg2K+s+ePVsq8eM50dbW5uvr++rVqxs3bnh6eo6Ojvr4+EAQxMPDsxiNdiKRKCIiIiAgMPlb19LSoqurS0aOk0gkFhUVgZFZTU3NFStWvH37FovFVldXl5SUgCovcI8qKCgAcvjNzc19fX2lpaWAFPHjx48XL158+PDB3d3dzMzMxsbm1q1bpqam169fd3R09PT0fPbsmY2Nzf79+8PDw4uLi4HUQ3l5OR6Pb2pqKisra29vB6TExsZGAoFQXl4Ohl5cXFz4+fkpkSIZGxsDWVNNTY2pqem2bdsYGRmfP3/+e3+AL1++nOwGUFVVdfDgwYXx6f8P4q8MggkEgoiIiLy8/JwyZ0+ePOHh4WlsbCQSiUlJSZS3vRaAmpoaIyOj06dP79mzZ9WqVXR0dEeOHJGWltbX15eQkLhz505ISEh0dHR2djbIZcHPHo1GA2pEQUEBMNQATN/KykqQ+4JaclpaGvCzKSoqAgIu+fn53759A7ppQHK4sbGxuLh4SiALHM+njPBPB7jdioiITJ/zCAkJmfFx8nj69Omchk+tra07d+7k4eEhcwwajRYQEFBWVmZkZBQUFMRiscbGxsCyYTbawPj4OD8//+3bt6WkpNauXSsgIBAWFrawMbXAwEA6OjpJSck5jei+ffu2atUq8vbUUzA0NOTi4nLixIl5TTX5+/sfPHhwAbV5SoDH4+3t7ae4SRMIBCCG/ejRo8TExMLCwjt37nz9+nXyMfn5+bS0tEJCQt++ffvTVJz+XsBgMA0NjV/fYF1aPHv2TFBQcAGE14iICBUVlRn/NDo66uvry8vLq6SkROLfh4WFmZmZvXjxYnreSyQSJSUlQZ0SiUQqKChER0dTsoaRkZHHjx/Ly8svILsjEonh4eH79+9ft26durp6bm7uL/5pAM7M+vXrz549C0GQlZXV9evXly9ffvjw4cX0yh0cHOjo6KZM3aSlpVFoDATuNfb29p2dnXg8vr6+HkgkVVVVAY387OxsUgcVDoc/efJEVFT0zJkzrKys7OzsQkJCwsLCkpKSSkpKSkpKqqqqysrKsrKysrKyKioqx44dO3ToUHBwsISEhJycnJSUFC8vr4CAwJUrV+Tk5PT09G7cuOHt7R0YGPjq1avQ0NB79+4pKCiwsLBM90yZDXg83tLSctOmTfv27Xv06NESijSDWvh8J+ra29vv3r3r6upKeqStre3AgQPBwcFLtbD/bfx9QXB/f//Vq1fFxcUpTMo9PT2FhYV//PgxI5l9ydHd3Y1EIpOSkiIjI62srK5du3bx4sWdO3fS0dGtWbOGnp7+5MmTO3fulJaW9vLyev78eW1tbVNTE0hYgSQhDAYDowAZGRlArBuDwaSnp2dlZdXX18NgsNTUVODYXlRU9PXr166urlevXnl7e4+Pj/Pw8HBzc0+RFHB3d9fW1iazZgKBwMbGtnr16hkJ0y0tLQuYbnn+/Pn58+fnzFIMDAyWL19OhqgNh8NBAzEwMHDFihVWVlafPn2ioqIyMDAgQ/xXUlLS1tbG4XARERFiYmIrVqxgZGS0tbWdF13V29sbgiAjI6M5a8nj4+OnT59mZWWdl5iRqanplStX5iuwLywsPFm2fQnR39+vra09ZQ7y8+fPp06dgiDoxo0b3d3dhw4d2rhx45Rq97dv3zZv3nzixImAgIAdO3YsWBbjH/4n0dTUdODAAcqDDBKSkpIUFRWnJNLDw8NxcXGSkpLCwsKkci8KhVJRUTE1NSUTkUhLS+fn53/+/JmHh4dC2ZyysjJ9fX0bGxvKzdhJKCwsFBAQWLZsmbKy8iLVjheM7OxsCIKASo+wsPD+/fthMBgdHV1YWNiCz5menr5y5crpnajIyEhdXd05n47H4xkYGMTFxQkEQnt7e1NTU0dHR0VFBZiNqa2tBfoPjY2NpaWlNjY2LCwsR44c0dHRCQ8PT05ORqPR5CnUSUlJp06dGhwcBNNyZWVl3759i4mJCQoK8vb2dnFxMTY2VlZWlpaW5uXlvXz5sri4+I0bNygUjGptbX3w4MH+/fs3b9788OHDpbIaQKFQ9+7d4+DgWLNmDTU19ebNm3l4eBwdHZ8/f3737t27d++amJjo6+sbGho6OTm5uLg4OTk5Ozs7OzubmZlpa2uLiYmJiIhMLu2PjIwcP36c/AD3P5DwlwXBZWVlIBGcV01XX19/+/btSyVZMl+AfiUWi83Ozn769KmqquqVK1eYmZmBJCRwVouLi8vPz8fj8WCyraioqLa2FjjJoVAoQHsA2i6AMgGKwe3t7fX19ba2tnR0dB8/fgST49M9CLq6ui5fvkxGOvfGjRsQBJExWtPT0xMWFp7Xqw4ICDhz5sycH9O3b98gCCKjKFxcXExNTQ32XDU1NRYWlpycnK1bt4aHh5M57fPnzy9fvgx4Yw0NDW/fvhUUFNy4cSM1NbWRkdHnz58RCAT50tTjx49XrVp1/fp1StgUz549W7FixYcPH+Y8kgR3d3cBAYEpdmtzAoPBHDlyZEoVdkkwOjp6586dyaquvb29Dg4OVFRUoIYEmoAJCQnU1NTi4uIJCQllZWV5eXnu7u7U1NTbt2/Pzs42MzNjZWVdqnvDP5DHyMjI36InYG1tTV4wcUbAYDAJCYnJ1dMPHz6Ii4vr6OiQ0jA0Gm1iYqKjozMnn15WVjYmJsbR0XGy6wEZ+Pr6ysvLL6Cn3NPT4+joSENDw8bGtuSmmPNCSkoKBEGgImhkZLRt27bU1FQGBoYFB8E4HI6BgWHGYNfPz2/O5JxIJKqoqFBRUWVnZ7e3twMBUCCLBMTvOzs7Gxsby8rKQCN0+fLlOjo68+Kz+fv7y8jIzHkYkUgcHByk/OeTlZWlo6NDS0vLzs7++PHjpXJiA3oaK1euZGBgEBERMTY2trKy0tXVBSrgEASZmZm9ffs2Pj7+x48fX79+jY2NjY+Pj4+Pj4uLi4uL+/79e3l5+Yzet7y8vJT49v3DxF8UBI+Pj4eHhzMxMRkbG89X42xoaMja2lpBQeHPadQ2Nzfn5+dHR0dramoyMjJu2rSJmZlZQ0OjsLAQGJcXFxcDjUM4HF5YWAh840j2NoAmlZiYyMHBAUGQubn58PDwsWPHeHl5Z7xcaGgoPz//jDk0AoFYuXIlGxsbmUENFAq1b9++ecVe79+/5+TknPOTGh8f5+LiOnTo0GxHwuFwampqkNTKyckdOXIkKyuLkZExMDCQzGnj4+PFxMSam5vBUEVTUxMej09MTLSysjp8+PCWLVt27tzJysqqo6MTHByMRqM7Ojq6urpIX4+7d+9CEOTo6EjJK4XD4cuWLTMyMqLkYAAbG5sFRMATExNubm5Hjx5dJMt5Rjx+/NjR0ZHEbEOhUBcuXIAgaNeuXVMInZmZmefOnaOmpmZgYNiyZcv69et1dHQA256enp5Cz+p/WDyePHni7Oz8u1dBETIzMwUEBObr315aWsrLywu+7XA4XE1NjYuLa3KqGRUVpaqqGhwcPCfLdnBw8MKFC1FRUZT8dlpbW69du6arq7uAAjAcDgd7soWFBXi9vzEnTE1NBQzgqKioDRs28PHxoVCoNWvW6OnpLWBV4+PjUlJSZ8+enfHdvn79+pz992fPnkEQdPfuXSDZi0Qii4qKGhsbW1pakEgkCoVqaGhob28vLy8HIqGbNm06fPiwpaVlUFAQkAeds/0bGxu7hBZC/f39qampCgoK69atY2FhCQsLWypGZUFBAfCaXb16tZaWFqlNDexsGxsbw8LCaGlp53QemQ3CwsJkHFv/YTL+jiA4OTlZQUGBmZmZpP5IOcbHx8fGxkZHR69evaqurr4YbfOfhL6+vnfv3gHa69q1a0VEREJDQ799+1ZYWFhdXY3H4zEYTFJSEtASB7qGSUlJOjo6//333+7du0E4GBUV9d9//83oHzMxMTE0NCQlJTWjKO/169cpmWe6ffv2kSNHKNfWyMrKOnr0KCVShffv34cgaDYxBzgcvnLlygMHDty8eROCoNu3b6PR6FWrVnFxcZHpV48z5QAAIABJREFUYdXU1Fy5cgWBQBAIBCQSWVxcXFFR0dTU1NLSkpGR8f79e3t7ewEBgRMnTrCwsJw8efLixYtCQkKAOW1iYkJNTU2h4Xtvby8HBwcDAwPlHICnT59ycHAsgJzT39/Pzs5+8+ZNCo8nT8iejJSUlJs3b5KyoLy8vAMHDkAQpKmpOSN3cHR0NCYmxtXV9eXLl6RP4d27d0xMTKQ51H/42SgtLT169Oif6RU3BUB5Zr602t7eXgUFhby8PG1t7StXrgQFBZG+okgk0tDQ0M3NjRJGJh6P19DQ2LFjByXCDt+/f5eSkvLz85vXUgF8fX3Xr19/8uRJkssjkUj08PDQ0NB48uRJamrqL2YKAX/Bw4cP09HRHTt2rKCgYGRkhJ+fn5qaespU65wgEonS0tLMzMwzvoSxsTEDAwMyJmoTExMYDGb9+vXnz5/v7Oysq6vLyMjA4/E4HC4rKwuo4//48aOoqAhwGICHVGJiory8PA8PDxMTEw0NzcaNG48fP87LyyslJWVjY/Pu3bvMzMyGhoafobNRVVXl4ODAysq6du1aGRmZ6Ojopaqg5eTkyMjIQBC0Y8cOe3t7cCNoamoCfV0MBtPQ0AC2bhcXl9WrVy/sOyMpKUlS8vkH8vijg+CSkhInJydhYeFTp049ePBgvuxJgIKCArD5trW1iYiILMA/4pcBi8WGhIQcPXqUmpp669atBw4cEBAQEBER0dfXV1dXV1ZW1tDQuHLlChsbGw0NDQMDw6NHjwDHY3h4mIWFRUJCgkx/p7i4mIeHZ8pAVUVFBTU19WTfy9kASinkLzEZeXl5e/bsoWQGuaSkZM2aNaampjP+FQaDrVu37vLlyxwcHJqamgQCYWxszNHRUUZGhowEDJFIVFJSCg8Pb2xsbGhoyMvLAy5B+fn5DQ0NOBwOgUD09fWVlZXl5OT8+PEjPj4+LS0Ng8GoqqrS0dFNp5TMBiMjIwiCvn37RuHxL168EBERWVikWFBQ8N9//1Eu/Dw8PGxvbz+ngmxdXZ2amhoploXBYMC/yt/fn/K1EQgEDg6Ov6Uw+T8DPz+/K1eu/Baxrfni3r1787V3+fDhw+nTp8PDw4ODg0klwM7OzidPnujp6c2W8E8BHA4XFxd/+fKlpKTknFF4Tk6OgoLCAkzXiUSivb09BEGioqJT6scdHR0JCQk3b968du3atWvX7t279+jRo9TU1F/gZRAbGwvURVpaWkil38HBwZqamnl9Z0ZGRoyNjbdu3ZqVlTXjAUQiUU9Pj3w+pqamBkFQeHg4sEADfL+qqqqioqKSkhI0Go3BYIBxMRqNBiapeDy+rq6urq6utrY2MzMzMDDQwcFBVlb26NGjLCwsLCwsO3fupKenZ2VllZKScnBweP36dVpaWk1NzYKll0tLS8PCwhQUFGhpaXfv3g16sws71XTU1tZqamoCnoO2tjYCgejq6urt7e3q6iovLy8uLiYQCD09PaB12dnZmZiYyMDAQD61mA1Xr14VExNbqpX/b+NPDIKJROKPHz9sbGzOnTsnJib29OnTxVBw7ty5Qxrq6ujoEBMT09PT+3N4EdMxOjoKh8Pd3d2VlZX5+fm5uLh27dq1bdu2PXv20NPT09DQSEtL+/j4TH5PXr16tW7duskqmDPCzs5OT0+PFMWOj4+LioquWrWKwt85EolkYmIyMTGhpKVYVlZ24sQJSgYOwOA2MzMzMGWYgoKCAgiCnj9/TnldE8Df319FRaWpqamurq6xsbG2tjY3N7esrKyurg44UVdXV7e1tSGRSDQaPfH/jVeoqKgol1z9+PEj5ayJiYmJlJSUM2fOzFcXmYT79+9v374diN9RAiKRGBMTw8nJ6efnN9u7BzIK0jBce3s7Ozs7NTV1ZGTkvNZmamrKxsb2jw38izE+Pi4kJHT79u3fvZC5UVNTw8nJWVNTM+eRAwMDsbGxEhISEhISXFxcpKxvdHQ0OjpaTU3N19d3xr1iOoDcNQjd5OXlybD2CQSChYWFh4fHAvrdw8PDwP8iICCAvFQWHo/Pzc0NDw+3sbG5evWqsbHxq1ev0tPTf1JAnJOTc+zYMcpT9BkxPDwsIiKye/dusE/OBjMzsymqMpPh6ekJiBAjIyMtLS2Dg4NVVVWgO4fBYGpqasCEHAwGS09PR6PRdXV1FRUVra2twH+qtLQUh8M1NzeDHaa7u7uoqCg7O/vTp08fPnxwc3NTV1dnY2Pbs2fP/v37jxw5wsLCIiwsfOvWreTkZODNMRv6+vrKy8s/ffqkpaXFxsa2b9++3bt3y8nJzfnEeQGNRuvo6NDR0UEQxMHBkZaW1t/fPzw83NHRgUQisVhsR0dHWVkZYIaABKC5uTk+Pp6Ghob8RCkKhfLw8Hj9+nVqampGRgaQXm1sbOTj41NQUFiq9U/G0NDQlBzjj9VnpBB/XBD89etXQUFBOTm5R48eLThcIAGFQmloaEwO2tra2sTExMzMzOYbVP0u9Pf3A83w2tpaOTk5Nze3KQc0NTUxMjKS9ygGaGlp4ebmJt0JEhISIAial59TcXHxzp07KenIIxAIZmZmCtUY3r9/D0HQjGLjGAxGRUVlAc6r9fX13Nzc3759Ayyr7OxsNBrd3t6elZWFwWCAtkZZWRkwK/rw4QMzM/OxY8cor7MWFRXR09MLCQm1trYaGBjw8vIqKirq6el9/PgRiUROv5WWlZWdPn16XsNzU3DhwoXpw/JzoqKiAmjMzXh3j46Otre3B3nR6Oiouro6GanjvLy8kJCQ6fcGR0fHjRs3zpmD/cPPQFFR0f79+5fcCPNnQENDw9vbm8wBIyMjwcHBQM3q1atXY2NjxsbGL168GBsb+/Lli5qa2q1bt+b0UyTB19dXQUGBtAVdvHhxti82GHvy8/NbQE2dSCRKSEisWrWKQsUJEhoaGr5//x4SEnLjxg1tbW1tbW1zc/Pw8PDy8vL5kqd/HlAoFAcHBzMz85z34ri4uBMnTszIoo6OjqahoWFhYWlubm5qasrLy2tsbGxsbAQ2yAQCAYPBAFMMIJCPwWAAKQIMf4MHgYsqsJHC4XDZ2dkYDKa7uxvEfIODg5WVlcnJyd++fYuPj3d0dLS3t1dVVT179qympubkVY2OjoIjHRwc5OXljx8/TkdHt3nzZjExsQcPHiQlJS1ACpoM0tLSRERE/vvvPwiCxMXFnz9/3tvbSyQSa2pqgD9IaWlpZWVlR0dHYWEhDAarq6urqakpLy/v6+tzd3enpaUlnyDl5uY6ODgYGxvLyMgICgry8/NLSkpevHhx165dhw4dkpWV1dLSMjAwuHnzJpBSfv/+PXCfra+vJxAI85qsJRKJL1++5ODgYGNju3HjxuDgYH9/v56e3vHjx4HmRnFx8aLfsN+APysIDgkJ4ebmfvXq1VLtAm/evJku5tLb26usrGxqavrLRMuXBBgM5tSpU9NLKdeuXWNiYqJQODY+Pv7SpUugjnLhwgVqaur5mtzm5+fv3r37xo0b5NnVKBTq6NGjFJ58fHz85MmTYmJiS8vYFhMTs7S0HBwcrK2tBVYpcDgcBoOVlpY2NzcXFBQgkciWlhYXFxcqKioRERHKU38CgcDCwrJq1aqMjAwcDmdtbS0lJXXjxg0hISFeXl5ubu4jR44YGRnFxcWBLbWnp0dUVPTp06cLfi0EAuHEiRPzdeIAaG1ttbCwmOIqNDExMTQ0ZGNjQ6rWA3Y4mcnxkpISQ0NDUVFRY2Pjr1+/EonE8fFxe3t7amrqJRxG+Yf54s6dO9LS0n++Ud+7d+8uXrw4Yx+pp6fn/fv3KioqsrKyKSkppEzv9u3bXl5eoaGh165do5ykNDEx4e/vr6CgMDn6ERUVnZ6Cjo2N+fr6SkpKJicnz/8FTQwODhoZGW3cuHEBWfpkNDQ0JCQkeHh42NraampqqqurGxkZ+fv7Z2dn/8YyW1RU1M6dO7m5uSkZEBwdHb137x4nJ6e3t/fbt28zMjJQKFReXp6FhcWaNWuAUlt7ezuo9VZVVbW1tZWXlyMQCCwWW1BQkJGRUVhYiMfjSRZueXl5BQUF9fX1DQ0NpaWlgMZWVFSExWJbWlowGAwGgwGyS0gksrq6GtSJ2tvb+/v7cThcfn7++/fvnz59am1t/fDhQ2dnZwsLCzk5uWPHjtHS0u7YsePw4cO8vLzm5uZJSUk/w0c2IyPj6tWrgPzAycmZkpIyMjLS1dVFIBC6urqKi4tzcnJaW1uBy1V5eXldXR0Qcm1vb6+qqsrJydmyZYuBgQHlVxweHu7q6mptbcVisUlJSR8+fAgICPDy8nJ1dTU3N9fR0ZGWlr5y5QrgFvLz84uIiCgqKl67dk1VVdXOzs7FxeXFixeRkZHx8fEJCQk/fvyAwWCTI7GSkhIIgpiZmeXl5VetWhUREeHs7AxBkKCg4Pr168kM9vzh+IOC4Pz8fGZmZhgM1tjYGBMT4+vr++nTJ0raZ2Tg4eGRm5s7/fHOzk5VVdW/q3bl5eVlbW09pRBYVVW1fv36GSfeZoOpqambm1tycjLoT03+U29v78OHD8H9ICUlxcbGZsY0NC4ubtmyZeQvCoPB9u/fT/nH5+XltXr16sX4GE1HaGiooKBgY2NjSUlJcXFxdXU1HA6vqKhAIBBFRUX19fWVlZX37t2jpqZWUlKaF0Pm+vXry5Yte/78eXNzMxaL7e7uxmKxg4ODDQ0NaDQ6KioqODhYSUnpwIEDV69ehcFgpqamFCrJz4bk5OSDBw9WVlYu+AxeXl6nT5+efLd++PBhUFAQ+Hd+fj4EQRoaGtXV1cXFxWQEj5ubmz09PQUFBRUVFc+fP//ff/9NkRb+h1+Mnp6e48ePP3v27HcvZA60tbWxsrJODjeJRGJpaambm9uVK1eUlZVJ82QAVVVV58+ft7Gxqa2tpTw97u/v19LSkpeXn7J3KSgoTJEvGBsbc3BwMDAwWLD1jLa2NgRBi4yAp2B8fByNRickJLi7u+vq6srKyrq5uS1ha54SoFAoUVFRWlraO3fuzKsw8f37d1dXVzMzM1FRUcDlu3Pnjqmp6erVqxMTE2tra4HdaWFhIQaDATr3CAQC2GTAYLDa2lrQnWtqampsbMzIyEhLS/v+/XtCQkJISEhERERoaKiPj09QUJCbm9vNmzft7Oz09fUtLS11dHR4eXlZWFj27du3b98+enp6WlradevWHThwgJGRcfv27fv27ePg4Lh27VpAQMD379+RSOTSVnxJGBkZiYmJERAQgCBo+fLlSkpK2dnZPT09w8PDDQ0NCASiuLgYjUa3tLSABm9JSQlIGBoaGsrKyuBweElJSXl5+a1bt5iZmSknv01GR0fH2bNnZ+T1gUAci8XW1NQUFxd///49NjY2PDzcz8/P3t7e0NBQUVERqLieO3fu1KlTLi4upOeiUKiNGzfu2LEDDCbm5uZu2bIF2Nk8ePAAgqDZKON/OP6UIHhgYEBaWtrX13diYmJ4eLivr6+pqSkmJsbBwWG+bSYSmpqaDA0NZ4urenp6Fkyf//XIzs7W09Ob3tG+evXqpUuX5lXSrq6uPnfu3I4dOw4ePDglAx4fHz937hwfH19/f7+wsDAzM/OM/cH29vagoCBaWloybum5ubnbt2+nfJYRgUDQ0NBQLn1ACQD15cuXL4B6VVBQUFtbC1TngESlhobGihUrPD0958Ux8PPzgyDIzc2tubm5qqqqsbERiNkVFhY2NDSA83d3d/f29iIQiE+fPt28eVNCQoJCFuNsePjwITs7+yJ1YWNiYs6fPw/05nJzc0m3/5GRkcuXL584caKnp+fx48fU1NQXLly4f/9+VlZWS0vLyMhIT08PkJnLzs7+8OGDq6urtbV1YGCgkZEROzu7oaFhVFTUIl/gPywGkZGRO3fu/F1S6JQD3Gj7+vqioqIcHR01NTUlJCRu3LgxRbehsLDw4cOHVlZWfHx85ubmlJ+/urpaXV395s2b07M4KSmpyUOi3d3dhoaGlpaWC+4+ARLXw4cPx8fH56vaSSHGx8ezsrIsLCxkZWUfPnz4C25YjY2NlpaW27dv5+Pjo0RMYzaMjY21t7eDOiLYMN++fTs+Pt7e3g700bKzs6uqqsrLyysrKzs7OwH/IScnB2yYqqqqUlJSR48e3b59OxgTp6Oj27hx45o1a6ioqGhoaBgZGXfv3r1nzx4mJqYTJ05wcnLy8vKKi4traGhoampaWVl5e3uHh4dnZmZiMJifUeidDgQC4ezszMvLS09Pz8LCYmZmlpubi8Ph+vr6enp6CgoKEAgEcHUtKSnB4/FVVVVJSUmA7gycomtra/Py8qqrqx8/frxv374FDGgCxMbGbt++fQECfyQQicSBgQGQtJAexOPxrq6uWlpa3NzcmzZtcnFxoaWlBUJsfn5+y5Ytm6/kyB+CPyUIDgkJuXjx4vTWT29vr7Gx8cIGJIEU318xOk0e5eXlkpKS02V6X7x4sW7dOgq136c8EciNTf9TZGQkLS3t58+fgSnOjE+/c+dOWFiYm5sbHR3dbPabKBRq06ZN81qbhITExo0bl7bm8eTJExERkd7eXrDhArpVc3MzCoWSlpZevnx5QEDAvE4IJBouXrzY1tbW2dkJh8PB/DKQngDzzm1tbZ8+fcJgMD09PYmJiSdPnly8862WlpaamtoiTzIxMVFcXHzu3Dlzc/ObN2+SzLRDQkJWr15dUFAwMTHR19cXHR0tJia2adOmnTt3njhxgpeX99y5c2xsbOzs7Dt27KChoVm/fr2uri5Ivaqrq318fISEhISEhO7cuZOTk/MzZIz/YU4YGhqqqqr+7lXMio6OjvT0dE1NTU5OTqDve//+fRgMNiWxR6FQLi4uwLmwt7f35cuXSkpKFF7i5cuXly9fns1GR0lJKTY2Fvy7qalJVVV1vtnvlHWuX7/+3LlzExMTERERx48ft7OzW8BWPCP6+vqQSOTk3hQOh7O0tJxC8FhygFRq7969UVFRS8iuqa2t3bZt29atW318fOLj4ysqKnA4XFVVVUdHR11dXXR09Pv37z09PTU0NA4fPszAwLB9+/Zz586ZmpoGBAQUFRXBYDAkEllVVYXBYOrq6jAYDA6HA0SC1tbWzs7Onp6egYGB30UHwmAwL1684ObmpqKioqenv3z58v3790NDQ7Ozs0tLSzMyMr58+fLp06esrCwkEtnU1NTQ0ACqsFgsFgxqg3HJ5OTkioqKiooKAwODw4cPL7j2NzExYW9vf+XKla6uLkBsWKpX+vXrV1paWi0tLQsLCwiCXF1dxcXFN2zY4OTkdPjw4RUrVizGi/s34o8Ignt7e3l4eKZo8pNQUVHx4sWLBdTA3r17p66uvtjF/W7Ex8draGhM77ih0WgaGpoFKL51dnampqZeunQJ1N2noKur6+DBgzw8PLt27ZqN0WtsbGxubk4gEGRlZc+ePTtjXwmNRq9fv35eXqkREREQBM03KiWPhoaG48ePh4aG9vf3V1ZWFhcXYzCYN2/e7N27d8+ePfPlMOHx+MOHD588eRJ0rwB1p7y8HA6H43A4YPVXX18PdOBBZr8kqnxdXV0HDhxYgEj2jGhsbJSVlWVnZwdNktbW1l27dl27dm3KYS0tLZ8+fQoNDQ0NDQ0MDHz+/HlwcHBsbGxpael06sjQ0FB2dvbt27cFBQUlJCR8fX3r6+tnW0BmZubCKJj/QAZtbW3Hjh37XdSUsbExAoHQ3d3d2toKckIYDBYXF+fh4eHi4mJkZKSjo2Nubn7//n0eHp7p7N7x8fGMjAxQ/Y2IiCC1tqKjo69cuTInL3ZkZMTJyUlOTo6M/LaysjKoBH/9+lVFRSUkJGQxr1dJSWnNmjUxMTGtra319fVPnz69efOmgICAurp6SkrKIjs2OTk59PT000s/jo6OYmJiP2OUZXh42NjYeP369XZ2dgsmh5ABHA4XERFZt24dcCliZmZmYWE5fPjwvn37tmzZwsDAsHPnTn5+fgEBgf/++2/xJYNfgObm5qSkJF1d3Q0bNkAQJCAgEBAQUFtbW1tba2FhcfXqVUVFRXFxcfCihIWFhYWFRURELl68aGBgYGJiYmBgcPfuXR8fHwcHB09PT6CAER8fLygoKCIisjA1WIDR0VE+Pj4rKys1NTVRUVEpKSk1NbUlGbLq7e11dnY+fPjwrl27zMzMurq6KisrL1++zMDAcOTIkRUrVvwue/BF4o8Igp88eSIhIUHmgOLi4rdv38431fP29tbW1l7c0n4bent7MzMzzc3N9fX1Z9wU5OTkTp8+vYAGWVxc3PHjxz09PQUEBGbs4gFBx+lREcD4+LiEhIS8vDwoV2zZsmXGijIIgufVUOvs7GRgYLh8+fLS5vT3798/duxYfX09mLp4+PDhhg0buLi45jsRODExIS8vv27dOgQC0dPTU19fDwY70Gg0sLnGYDClpaVwOBzsaBgMxtbWdrYkYV7Izs5evXr1UjWb+vv7a2pqHBwcODk5KyoqXF1daWhoFkY+m4729vaYmBg5OTkeHh5bW9vc3Nzpn6aYmNiBAweW5HL/MBlhYWFsbGw/o1g4NjbW2dlZVlb25cuXxMTE8PDwR48eubi42NraAtdiIyMjTU1NXV1dERERYWFhZWVlFRUVExOTO3fuvHnzJjc3l1TxvX///mQPdiKRmJKSYm1tfevWLTA8NPm6eXl5Fy9eJC+9h0aj9fX1PTw8yLcgbt68GRQU9ObNGzExsZycnEW8GRMwGGzlypUmJib19fVA4BaNRldUVBQXFz98+PDcuXMSEhKUT8rj8fgXL168ffvWzs4OhOZgYGNGpRotLS0ySmQLAxqNBradaWlpS3vmKcjLy3v27Jmzs7O5uTkYk3B1dQ0LC8vMzAQE7v7+flVVVRMTkwW4af4atLW1vX79Wl5efuvWrdTU1Nzc3NPJPGNjY8PDw729vb29vQMDA319fS0tLZWVlQgE4vPnz9HR0YGBgY8ePXJ0dLSzs7OxsfHw8GhoaPD09Dx//vzjx4/BSYBs3AJWODw8zMbG9vTpU8BPi4iIoKGhMTIyWiqLdSKROGVLHxsbAxJ4ZWVlS3KJX4zfHwRXVlZycHCQT/5GRkb8/Px+/PgxL/5WfHy8urr63yKFNjExMTw8DIfDg4KC7Ozsrl+/7ujo+OnTpxkjQg8Pj5UrV06ZI6EQSkpKGzZsAAmrl5fX9APS09M1NDRmUz6vra1lY2MzNzdvb2/H4/H+/v67d++ertBUUVGxfv36+SqNu7m5rVixYgn1yScmJrq6uoyMjJKTk1tbW3V0dMD41wI4fMBL+c2bN4DsW1FRUVpaikKh0tPTW1paQI25pKSksLAQsIRjY2OZmJiWJHKNiIjg4eFZKhXeyMhI4IcHVIRB+WdJzjwZcDjcz89PSEhIUlJySnlSRkZm06ZNtra2VlZWoFeAx+Pv3bunq6v75MmTf9zixUBLS2sxmT+BQCguLk5OTn7z5o2fn9+NGzcUFRVFREQuX77Mz88vJSUFfDednJweP34cERHx8ePHhISE/Pz8kpKSqqqq6urqysrKxsbGnp6e2VLZmpoaVlZWGAw2NDQUHR1tZmZ29+7d2X4mBQUFLCwsZGzh3r9/LyUlReI5kMHNmzfd3d3j4+MXozoPoKKiQkVFVVpaCgTICwsLKysrKyoqwBwwDofz8vI6d+7cgwcPKNF2SE9PhyBo06ZNe/fuhSDI19f3w4cPs83blZWV8fLykmmzzBdZWVkMDAyXLl36BeYdlGBwcPDWrVscHBz37t2jRGb+1wCNRoeFhV26dImWlhaCIFZW1ocPH1ZUVCwJ9evTp08iIiJ2dnaTP9bs7OwFuIpOTEwQiUQ+Pj4gipWenq6iopKdnc3FxRUTE7P4pc6GuLi4q1ev/rGpC3n8/iBYS0uLksH5sbGxHz9+ZGZmZmVl1dXVdXZ2DgwMNDQ0dHR09PX1zRgco9FocXHxX+xUOS8MDg4iEIgvX748evTI2NhYT0/PxsbGy8srNjaWTGehtraWlpbWwsJiAVcsKipauXIleG55efmxY8fmJZGBx+PT0tIuXbp069atzs7OxsZGLBZrYWGhqKg45ciKiop169bNd24ai8XS09MLCwsvVdpKQmpqKh8f36ZNm+ZlhEZCWFgYBEHW1tZAkBKNRldVVQFD5vLy8rKysu/fv9fW1jY0NOTk5FRXVzc0NEhKSi4VG8fBwWH6O7wwjI2N2draksiLOTk5rKys9vb2P4lR19bWBkKlyQ+qqqpCEMTHx7d58+a9e/dWVVVJS0tTU1NLSEgsW7bMxsbmL0pc/zRgMBhWVlbK0+P29vbMzEx/f38bGxsdHR1VVVVtbW0DAwNQqHv69On79+8TEhJyc3Orq6vJfEnm9YOVkpJydnZ+/vy5ra0t+XmPqqoqEm9nCvLz883NzQ0MDEjUdjIoKSnZuXPno0ePKF/kbKitrV2zZo26unpbW1tFRUV1dXVtbW1VVVVVVRUKhcLhcIC3+vnz51OnTklJSc2Z1MXExEAQ9OTJk4GBAVZWVgEBgbdv30IQNFtd1sbGhiTqski8ePFi8+bNurq6f5p7FBwONzMzU1RUvHnzZkJCwq+ZbJsCMM324MEDXl7e1atXQxB04MABkjrkklwChUJpamqqqKhM5g0SiUQgZLTg016+fDkiIiIzM9PU1BTwdMXFxSk3dfq/ht8cBBcXF3NyctbV1VF4fGtra3Bw8PPnzyMjI5FI5KNHj2JiYoCQyrt376aU90ZGRhQVFWebk/i9KCsr8/X11dTUlJKSsrKyev36dUVFRUdHBxlpKhLk5OQOHDiwMJaPsbExFRUVybbX09NTRESE8hsYAoEYHR0VFRW1trYGYodwODwtLY2VlXVKSwhQlhfw5ltbWy+54mB+fv6uXbuOHj1K3tiTzNNpaWkFBASam5tbWlqKiorAZEPBJs3vAAAgAElEQVRpaSnI10Ed6Pv371gsNjMzs7KyMioq6vjx40s1ra+jo3Pjxo0lORUSiXR1dSX9NygoKDQ0VEREREND45eNkMrKyjIyMg4NDQUFBUEQZGdnR01NDUSULS0tN23a9K8YvBgEBARwcHCQ3x8GBgYSEhLs7e3Z2NgEBAQsLCx8fHzevn0LxjonJiY6OjqampoIBAIejy8rKysqKoLD4cBzsb29vbe3t6+vj0AgVFVVffny5c2bNxSKITY2NtrZ2W3ZsuXSpUuUcE87OjpOnDgxJVCur693c3OTkZGhsLhVVFSkqanJysq6JKz67OxsYI/c19fX0dFRUlJSVlYG+kKJiYn5+flIJDI7Oxu4f/Hx8Z09e5Y8xROoTAApT0lJSU5OzsjISDLKa1lZWSYmJossEwwMDGhqaq5du/ZPVtbr7Oz09/dXUlI6f/68np5eUFBQeXk5JbfIxaCnp+fdu3fy8vJMTExA5ffo0aPW1tZLO/JbV1dnZ2fHwcHx8uXLKX/CYDDx8fGLSUsMDAxsbW0jIyNBaZlAIDAyMs42c/UPvzMIHhwcFBQUvHXr1gKeC4T3CATC4OBgX18fqFBGRkZO6aS/e/fu9OnTvyWPnA0oFMra2trQ0NDb2zslJWW+kYe/vz8EQQsb+ayurqahoRESEiI9Mjo6KiUlRckwzfDwcFpaGmjQSEtLW1lZtbW1NTY2IhAIOBwuLy8vKys7OT9Go9Fr1qyZ/gunZJHU1NRycnJLlW17eHhs3bpVXV19YQMf9fX1TExMhw8frqysrKqqAgqLZWVlCASipKQEg8Gkp6eDd6aqqio/P7+yshIOh4uKigLKwZJAV1f31atXS3KqJ0+exMfHg3/X1dWtW7cuMDCwp6fn2rVr8vLyv6b/KCEhwcTENDExkZiYCEGQvr7++vXro6OjJyYmXF1dqaioFt+w/r+M8fFxbm7u2fbVzMzMGzduSEpKGhgYuLm5ZWZm9vf3j42NAXW/tra28PBwILN/69YtT09PX19fX19fb2/vwMDAJ0+euLu7P3jwwNvbO+D/IzExcbLCQ29v7+joaEdHx5SycVNTk6Ojo4aGhouLCxwO5+Pjo2Q4Eoj3kQbpYDCYlZWVkpKSh4cHhT/nlJQUaWlpGAx269at2eRu5oWRkRE9Pb1ly5ZZWFhgMJjq6uq8vLzc3Fwwd1tSUtLU1FRdXV1dXd3c3IzD4XR0dPj4+MhY+gE6hJqa2qtXr6ioqPT19UEleLYguL+/X1ZWdjGVwuTkZBYWlmPHji1GBO1XAoVChYWFOTo6Xrt2TUtLy9zc3NnZOSoqKi8vr6WlZZH5QG9vb3Fx8evXr3V1dc+dO0dPTw9BEAMDg4SERFhYGBKJXNrqAAKBMDMzExcXt7a2nl7+Q6FQ0dHRC/DungwtLa2LFy+SvnIODg78/Px/kSDsL8bvDIJ9fHxOnTq1hJrV/f39Hz58mNwKHBkZkZWV1dHRWapLLAYjIyNubm6qqqqfP39e2DeyqKiIiorK1tZ2YQt48uQJBEFT+ACZmZlcXFzka5b9/f1fv36Fw+EgMBUREfHx8cHhcJWVlUDkJTQ0lJ6efjKxu66ujoGBYWGhm7S09MqVKynvD8wGHA4nIyOzbt26BbdBR0ZGRERENm/enJ+fPzAwUFpampeXV1tb29zcnJ6eDoLgsrKy4uLivLw8EBxXVVXZ29vv3bt3kRvZZKirq08XyFsAWlpa7O3tSQzL27dvMzAwkLiA1tbWLCwsSyXzRAYyMjIQBD148EBKSgqCoG/fvrGwsFy4cOHNmzf79u3j4+P72cWe/3kUFhaysrKi0WjSI0QiMT4+XlZW9syZM+7u7lM+5YqKivfv3wcGBtra2kpISIiIiMjLyysqKioqKqqrqxsYGFy/ft3HxweYgcXFxaWnp2dkZGRkZLS3t+fn53/58oVAIAB/xMzMzK6urqysrMkfIg6HExMTMzAwILEezc3NZWRkKHktGhoakZGRQUFBampqW7dupaGhodwj2svLS0BAAOxLQJuCwieSx+DgoLS0NARB3NzcQUFB+fn5IH/AYDBANwaBQOTk5MDhcDQa3djY6ODgcPbs2dkYk8nJyStWrKCjo4MgaPv27XA4PDY2dsOGDWSIIg8fPrS3t1/AyoeHh52cnKioqDQ0NP7SVBOHw339+tXf319LS0tcXFxUVFReXv769euenp7BwcGJiYloNBqPx3d3d/f19fX3908u346MjAwODvb09HR1dcFgsKdPn8rLyx86dAhUfFetWnX69Om7d+/GxMT8DIY0gUBwcnLi4eFxdHScPr06NjaWmJj44cMHyos1IyMj3d3dXV1dHR0dAwMDw8PD7e3tvr6+NDQ03759A8fU1NSws7PPS6bp/xp+WxBcXV3Nzs7+M3z20tLSHjx4QKKRNTY28vDwyMrK/t7fPA6H09bWtrOzWzBHubKycu/evfz8/Asz0hwdHeXi4tq7d+/0oYpr164ZGRnN9sT6+vrc3FzSs4ACS0pKSkdHBwKBqK2tbWlpqa2ttbS0nCxrj8PhGBkZJ6vTUw5QGlkkASAqKmrbtm0nTpxYsC/g6Oiovr7+f//9FxkZOTg4iEaj0Wg0KPYAyeGcnBwEAtHW1lZWVgYGg8B7deLEicjIyMUsfjIIBIKMjMySMCvevn1Lunf29vYCzuLkA4KDg8+fP+/n57f4a5GBvb09Nzf3sWPH9u3b5+3tPTExkZuby83NvW/fPhERkb90xPhPg4eHh6ioKMhaMzMzRUVFRUREnj17Njk3a29vT0pKevr0qZGR0fXr11+8ePHly5eioqLq6ur6+nrgLFNVVVVTU4PBYFJSUr59+1ZYWJienp6fnw+srZqbm/F4PAaDGRgYqKmpGR4eHh4enjI/3tTUJC0tPaV5BX4m5L/VaDT65cuXx48fv3v3rp+fn6Wl5d69eymkNGCx2OvXrxsaGpJEYAwMDNzd3Sl/A8ljfHz848eP/Pz8q1ev3rFjh7Ky8uvXr7OystLT07FYbENDA5gRJA0PWFpaysjIzFjxCQkJAangjx8/wG2ru7sbh8ORab7j8XhxcfH5+kd++fLl7NmzR44cWdi2/Aeiv7+/vr4+IyMjMjLSz8/v3r17lpaW165dU1FR0dfX19HRUVNTExISUlVVVVNTk5GR4eLiYmVl3blz5+bNm0HgS0dHx8fHZ2dnl5CQ0NzcvGDnFPIYGBh49OiRuLj4rVu3puvwEInEqKgobW1tf3//2VgQo6Oj5eXlCQkJwcHBbm5ulpaW6urq6urqlpaW1tbWwDPv7NmzdHR0p06dcnNzI1XH5eXll0Rg/n8Yvy0IVlNTExQUXPLTggQuMzPTxMSEVDBoa2uTkpI6c+bMvNznlxA4HA5Mvk9+kEAggHC2tbV1zoYLkUgUEhLasGHD5OoOefT19U3WE8jOzl6+fPmMM4g4HI6Xl3f6KB6RSExNTX3//v1ksnV5eTkYMenv7wdkwbS0NOC1y83NTRrmKCkpoaamXli7jUgkysnJrVu3bmFyiQMDAzdv3ly/fr2Ojs5i2KXAGP3evXtdXV3AzLO+vh4Oh4MpeCAGXFJSUl1dXV5enp2dXVRUVF5erqKiIi4uvuCLTkdFRYWgoOCSNLMAsw38G41Gr1u3LiIiYsoxhYWFx44dW6qa2YwYHx8nEokjIyNTbvN/2nTOX42hoSEODg5bW1tra2sODg4vL6/Ju0FLS4uLi0t0dDQwL1jCrsUUANGrGcW/lZSUgHnhZPT19RUXFwcEBICitZqaGgsLy7Vr196/f3/hwoXpx8+IV69eaWpqTsnldHV1l5ChREJWVpa5ufmuXbvWrl1LR0cnIiJib2//7t27wsJCBAJRWVlZU1MDg8EQCISUlNSMCXlcXNyhQ4fm2/h6//791atXKawaVlVV6enp0dPTm5qa/iEqED8Pg4ODqampfn5+5ubmYmJi0CSsWbOGlZVVSkrqzp07b9++LSws/AV+1PHx8SoqKgYGBtPLsZ2dncHBwYaGhurq6tODk+7u7ry8vPv375uYmOjq6mpqat64ccPZ2dnHxycqKurLly+5ubkYDKa+vr6+vp6FhWXbtm3h4eGTb5oxMTG7d++mZHL0/zJ+TxD89evXDRs2LLkqYXl5OSnShcPhXl5ek8eKg4ODT5w4IS8vvzD/uQWjo6NDSUmJRAxoaWlRUlLi5eU9fvw4Hx+fhobGkSNHeHh4yH9TdXV1GRgYKNTbGhwcrKura25unlwzBi4vs712MH9AyoPHxsYQCMSbN29SUlKmVC++fv26bdu24ODgtrY2kt05CoXq6OiwtLSUl5cHxSckErlhw4YFq2enpqZCELQAF2U0Gs3BwUFNTb2YgcjR0VE/P78VK1ZYW1t3d3ejUCgYDFZdXV1TU1NaWgpYEMDoElgZFRQUlJaWFhUVBQYGHjx4cGmZdkVFRZKSkosPEGEwmLq6OinujIuLgyBoxg8Ih8NJSEhYWFj8DNn8f/hlSE5OXr58uZKS0uRGPLA1qa+vLysr+wXefuHh4aKiojOyNpOSkgAjorOz88ePH97e3iYmJpycnBAE7d69W0ZG5uPHj8nJyYqKiqtWrWJhYfn+/fucl0tNTVVVVZWTk5uuAn7//v0lrARPweDgYGJiopmZGTc399q1ayEIoqenP3PmjJ2dXX5+fltbW29v72zxFpFI7OzsXIA8i4uLi5CQEPkbR1NT0+3bt+np6Q8fPvzly5f5XuIPx9DQUFdXFxKJ/Pjxo5eXl4aGhoCAwJkzZwCvF1i4cXJympqahoWFxcXF/WJLs7a2NmD9PZ3MVl9f7+TkJCkpqa+vD2YiAQYHBwE3ycbGRkhISEBAwNHRMTk5uaOjg8yQTGRkJCsra1NTExwOz87OzsjIMDExSU9PP3r06JLw4P+38RuC4MHBwbNnz2poaCz5mUtLSyEIcnZ2Bv/t7e2NjY0tKioibcFYLNbExOTUqVOWlpY/WxgcYHh42N7efnIhBEynbdu2zcPDA4IgdnZ2BweHZcuWken+Ozo6QhD04cMHCi9aW1sbGBg4ue3S1NS0ceNGNja22Z4yNDQkJCTk4+MzMTGRlpYWEBDw5s2bGYsTnz592r9/PyBI1NTU1NTUNDY2olAoIJjAyckJIvXCwsKNGzcuuLXd19d3+vRpBgYGyocaiURiWFjY7t27Dx06tOA8Z2Bg4OPHjxISEhAEycrK4nC49vZ2LBZbWFhYXFyMw+GQSCSweq+srGxqagKCaDU1NSgU6sePH2fPnl0qGQcS0tLSFBQUFh+vmJmZTbY18fDw2Lx582z96P7+fgsLC15eXiQSucjr/sOvR2trq6GhoY+Pj6Ojo7q6+pQYtLGxcWxsrLKyErjX/tSVWFpaAt2PySASid+/f7e1td2+fXtwcDAjI+OBAwd8fX2/f//u7e195coVFRUVDQ0NdXV1GRmZW7duBQUFkZEKBvj06ZOxsbGWllZERMSMMbeXl9eMsuhLi5GRkbq6uo8fP+rp6QkICGzdupWKiurQoUPCwsJAy2hpJTtfvnzJycnp4uIy/U95eXn6+vobN25kZ2f38vJacLF/ydUqF4yOjo6srKwPHz48evTI1NRUSEjoyJEj69ev/++//5YtW7Z9+/ajR48KCgrKy8s7Ojq+efMmLy+vubn5d/WXQkND+fn57927N7kDQyQSExMTrays1NXV7927R0pg2tvbY2Njrays5OTklJSUnJycYmNjYTAYJdrwjY2Ne/fuTUhIaGtrMzMza2trq6mpsbCwEBISgiDI3t7+p1pt/w/gNwTBnp6eBw4c+BkM3bGxsXv37mlqapIqmv39/Z8/f87Ly5tc06qtrTU0NDx48CA7O7ufn99P5Qrb29t7eXlNzuHq6+u3bt2qpKQ0MTGxfPlyFxeX/v7+3bt3z8bK9fT0XLZs2Zs3byi53NDQUFpaGgKBmPKi3r17B0EQeT3m0tJSfn5+Y2NjHx8fMhlzUFDQwYMHy8rKGhoawORHfX09DofLy8urqKjQ1tYGIsRfv37duXPnYpisr169giCIwpm2gYEBXV1dCILU1dXnvF9OB8ihfX19dXR0aGhoIAhSUFAoKSkZGhqqqakBbu9ZWVkIBAIIouXm5paXl4NJ8OLi4pqamvr6ei0tLQkJiSVnlX3//l1eXn6RQXBnZycTExNQYADQ1NQ8f/48eZZFSEjI2bNnl8qu+R9+DZBIJBcX18WLF5uamoaGho4cOTJZVra8vDwpKamiogKNRg8ODv6kEGdoaAjoqMjIyFhZWcHh8Pj4+KdPnzo7O8vJyZ06dYqLi0tPT09QUBBwND9//jz56YODgwQCob29fU6JmJGRkYyMDCMjIzk5OZLsyYy4e/eup6fnEry2+aC8vDwqKur27dtnz57dvn37rl279uzZc+bMGV1d3ZCQkOLiYiwWu8gxUAQCMVkqrrm5+fPnz8CPhpWVNSgoaJGWuW/evDl79uwvDqQ6OzvRaHRhYSF494SEhE6fPs3IyEhDQ7Nu3bo1a9Zs2bLl5MmTmpqarq6ukZGRmZmZdXV1v6CzQQnq6uoMDAxOnz49eeSpvLz86dOnysrKUlJSISEhoPDf0NCQkJBgYmIC3JLd3d3z8/PnFbXj8fgzZ85ISUl1dnaampqS1LFaW1tjY2Pfvn0rJCR06dIlCwuL7OzsnyQG/7fjVwfBVVVV9PT0P28z6unpefr06eQQcGRkBI/Hh4SEfPv2bfItH4VCWVlZXbhw4cSJE05OTigUaskX8/37dy0trSl0goaGhm3btikoKAwNDYG6dUdHByMjo76+/vQzvHjxYvny5W5ubhResaWl5fXr19PHDfX19SEImo1R19/fn5ycXFVVZWtry83NTf4Senp63NzcdXV1gO5WVlaWkpKCRqNxOBwWiw0NDeXk5BwcHIyIiNi2bdtiPNAJBMK5c+e2b98+ZzG4tLSUi4uLmpr63r17lE8Ntra2pqen+/r6+vj4APcyIOFERUV16dIloIYGhCBgMBjwQ05PTwfiR2ASDo1Gl5WVIZHIoqKimJiYLVu2xMXFLfj1zobU1FRZWdlF7u+RkZEbNmyYrAkgKCgoKys75xMTExPPnz//8OHDfwYWfwWCgoL27Nnj6elJ+rzi4+PZ2dnxeHxpaamdnd3Tp0+rq6sX+XUC8pRtbW0tLS2FhYUfP34MCgq6d+/e9evXraysDA0N1dTUlJWVLSwsODk5N2/ebGlpaWdn9+DBA1dX10uXLq1duxZotCkrK4uKikZFRS1gDaOjo+/fv9fW1jY0NKRk2MPBweHXB8GT0d7eDoPBgoKCrKysxMXFmZmZ6enp9+/fz83NLSwsrKKicvfu3Y8fP5aWlnZ1dQ0NDc35ixsfHx8bGxsfH6+pqXn79q21tfWlS5eAygQEQW5ubktSBP38+TMnJ+fP9pzq6enJy8tzdnZWU1Pj5eU9ePAgFRXVsmXLaGhoDh48KC0tfefOHW9v73fv3hUUFNTU1CyVfeaSw8/P79SpU3fv3gUf38DAwIcPH9TU1BQVFT08PAD9DI/H+/r6KikpCQoKWltbBwcHU26yDfQHMzIyAgMDraysjhw5IiEh0dTU5OXlRapxdHd3HzhwQE9PD/wXDoc7OjoKCgpKSUk9fPjwF9Cg/y780iCYSCSqqKicOnVqXsJ7YNyY8uNnLG+AzbqmpgaLxYK9Azze09OTmJgoIiLCxsYG7DeXKpvs7OzU0tKa7nxYX1+/bds2YNIDguCuri5GRsbpleDw8PCVK1eS2B1z4tWrV05OTlFRUdPnT7m4uJYtWzbFm3p0dDQvLw/4Nvn7+zc0NODxeD4+PjJcgtHRUR4eHg0NjaamppKSkpKSkrS0tNTUVKCWgEQiU1NTeXh4fvz48e3bt0VWgicmJmJjYyEImtzEnw5PT096eno2NjZQXAfo7u6uqKgoLCxEIpFYLBZ8pn19fZWVlVlZWYGBgYaGhhoaGm5ublFRUUVFRaBRYGVlBUGQgIBAbW1tZ2dnaWkpEomsqKhAIBAgDq6rqyspKSktLa2srASSwGD0u6qq6tixY6ampot5sbMBWF8u5ms5MjIiLy9vZGQ0WRiEhYWFwqnhpqYmJSWlK1eu/KMI/+FwcXFhYGCY7iF88+bNkydPysnJJSUlzeuEvb29WCw2Ozs7KSkpLCzs0aNHjo6Opqamurq65ubmurq6ioqKKioqJiYm7u7ujx49CgwMfPv2bVRUVH5+fktLS09PT1FR0fHjxyezHolEYkNDQ1JSUlRUVG5u7gK+2ENDQ69evbp69aq8vDzlPFcPD49fQIegHEACIjU11dHREcxt79mzZ8eOHYyMjFu2bNm1axcHB4ecnJyysrKlpeWtW7fs7Oxu375taGgoJSUlKysrLi5+6tQpdnZ2Ojq65cuX09LSrlu3jpWVlZeXF0TVkpKSTk5Oi89dIyIimJiYfkbk1N/fn5+f7+/vLyoqSk9Pv3z58pUrV+7evVtAQMDQ0NDd3T05Obm+vn4BFve/BS0tLdra2ry8vGAmBA6HP3jwQEtLS0VF5dWrV319fbW1ta9fv1ZTUzt//ryKisr79+9n5Kj09vai0ejs7OyvX7/GxMSEhIT4+PjY2dnJyspevHiRhYWFiYnp6NGjx48f5+bmdnZ2hsPhL1++nDz+pK2tffjw4Sk33/7+/piYGBkZGR4eHgsLi5SUlH91DYBfGgTn5+fv379/ip8FeaSnpwsKCi7VeGN3d3dLS0tnZyfJMo2EtLQ0IyMjQCoKCAhYZPdneHjYwMBgOhluYmKit7c3ODgYCMU/f/4chUINDQ29fPlyiplZREQENTW1iYkJhVdMSEiQkJC4evXq69evp3Q90Gg0HR3dZApKRUXFy5cvfXx8bGxsQkNDJ29wYWFhmpqas3XoiouLIQgKCAjo7OwEcphlZWVYLBaFQpWUlCAQCDQaHRoaisfjAwMDjx07tsiwqb+//9ChQ7S0tDMyF8vLy+Xk5JYvX25qatre3u7t7e3s7BwQEODk5HTnzh0LCwtra2tbW1snJycXFxdXV9eHDx8CrdCXL1+WlZX19PSQdoGBgQEVFRUIgjg5OTMyMkBVGw6H5+TkVFRUVFZW5uXlgcJwbW1tTU0NDocD44BYLBaJROrp6XFxcS2h4vVkfP78WVZWdjEsCzgczsbG5u7uTkoOm5ubN2zY4OTkROEZBgYGrl+/Ligo+I8i/GdicHBQU1Pz1KlT0yfQOzo6EhMTmZiYgBrdnMBisZ8/f3ZycjIyMpKUlFRWVtbR0bG1tXV1dQ0KCoqMjPzw4UNBQUFzc3N3dzcl6iuhoaHMzMzu7u6LNy1qaGjw8fERFxeXkZGhZE5uMjw8PH5vJXhOtLa2olConJwcoFvn7OxsbGwsIyPDwcHBxcXFxcXFy8t7/vx5Tk5OPj4+QUFBBQWFu3fvBgQExMXFFRYWkgr8Y2NjY2NjGAwGVP4WuSpXV9eVK1dOF9ZcDBAIhL29PRMT08aNGzdv3nzmzJk7d+58/vwZgUD8LSHvFLS1tcnKyjo6OtbX13/8+FFTU1NVVdXf3x+B+H/snXk8lPv7/+867cupT6flVNq1HaeUKEvKLglttFmTZKsspZKyJklJSkkiWUpZkgrZGQYzxuz7jBljG8ZgMLbx++P+/jw8KA2GnHM8/2vW92jmvq/7er+u16ucTCa/ePFCV1dXTk7u8uXLqampfWcKDodDJBJTUlJ8fX3PnDkjKyu7b98+GRkZCQmJzZs3S0lJbdq0ad26dQcOHLC2tr5165a/v398fHxubi6ZTAZfhMvl3rhxo3/ujJ+f35w5c4Y4UKNQKC8vLxUVlUOHDt2/f3/SknL8iuDu7m4wbndYz9LV1ZWSkhKtqwvomP3du1gs1qNHjyQkJHbs2GFiYpKfnz8yU15vb297e/sRi718fX2nTJly48YNIUU8MTExq1atMjU1PX/+/IB2b+//76daWFh0d3cnJCTY2tpeunQpKirqR7+T48ePD3Bz68PQ0FBSUhIMQ0IgEGQyuaKiAgqFEggEBAKBwWBwOFxhYSGXyw0ICNi3b9/oN61ANfOAADmBQPD06dM//vhDXFy8rxXU1NT04cOH8PDwr1+/gnrHvtvLysogEAiJRPruevh8/uHDh8HQJiqVymazaTQaBAIBP05ZWRkOh6uursZisaWlpQgEAgaDcbnc8vLysrIyJpN54cKF3377TVSJboNJT0/vb9wxAl6+fGlmZtY/HxWJRC5YsCAoKGhYr/PkyRNlZeWRpRVOMna0t7dra2vr6OgM3rPOysrS1NSMi4vLzc1VVlYeQi5fUlLi5+d34sSJffv2nT179u7du0lJSeXl5RwOZ/S64dTUVGtr671799ra2mZkZAz3sNDY2BgVFWVmZqaurm5nZ5eRkTGCNfj6+k7wIljkZGZm7tu3b5SaYycnpxkzZoiqCC4oKNDW1gYAYMGCBfr6+nFxcSMY4ZiAnD59WkJCwtvbW1dX18HB4dOnTyUlJY8ePTp9+vS+fftu3rzZ90mrqqpevHhhbm4uJye3fv36OXPmgEYip06dAiNpIiMjMzMzw8LCHj16NHSzNi8v782bN/03fuPj4+fNmydMQnJbW9vnz5+dnJz27Nlz4sSJZ8+eTahg3fFk/IrgjIyMOXPmDKsNzOVybWxsxj/akcfjRUdHX7hwYdeuXRoaGsHBwcNqRT98+NDExGRkxq4VFRUmJiYLFy4Usm3T29ubm5sLWn+vX7+eQqEMfkBoaCgoKujq6nrw4AECgRhaK1ZcXCwvLz9YU/H+/XvQWZbH49HpdCqVSiaT4XA4KAzAYDBfv34FM+SQSOSVK1fMzc2F/AhD0N7eLisrCwBAn8F7fn6+rq4u6N4w+k06DocDBpjp6+uDwR9MJjM3NxeNRpNIJAgEgkQiS0tL0XbEiBgAACAASURBVGg0WOsjkUg0Go1GozkcDhQKNTEx0dDQOHz48IgjOX4KDAYzMjIa8Zmsvb399u3bLi4u/adnYDBY/+sH4cnLy5OTkxu7in+S4dLV1WVqanrmzJnBF8wRERFqamp9OnVzc3NHR8cBj2EwGNHR0ZaWlnJycseOHXv69OngXTJRUVhYaGNjo66urq2tbW9vDxq10mi0ysrK2tpaUCMnEAi4XC6FQikqKkpOTnZzczt16tT+/fvV1dVv3rw52PhMeHx8fED3m/8OqampdnZ2oxyHsrW1nTdv3uiPtPX19bdv3wYAYOXKlU5OTt89Vf0TQSKRly5dWrlypZmZWWBg4NevX9+8eWNubq6ioqKvrx8aGopAILBY7Lt3786dOychISEjI7Nr1y4lJSU7O7uoqKiSkhImk8nj8Qa8bHl5+dKlSwcMjILU19fDYLCnT58O0Ft+/fp16tSpwusnQaqrq+/du7dv3749e/Z4eHj8B7Plxq8I1tbWPn/+/LBkKLW1tXQ6fehe7JgmrLJYLH9/f3Fx8VWrVnl7e/90p6aqqsrT09PCwmIEF1Wg0E1MTExMTGyANGJoHjx4AE5CyMvLf7fFAnqxDavt5+zsPECjHBUVNW/evPPnz7PZbCQSWVVVhcfjYTBYYWEhDAYrLy+HQqGgfwKJRMJisfr6+iOOdx5AQkLCzJkzV65cGRAQoKam9vvvv2/fvj0uLm70DSoikSgvLz9lyhQXFxfQ8xj0AKZQKHl5eeBIXGlpKZVKBUURaDQaBoNRKBRw1FJBQUFDQ6OsrOzSpUtjdxlNpVKPHDky4p46Fou9c+fOq1ev+h9Ps7KyxMXFR2YkV15efvDgQScnp2Ep+ycZCwQCwYULFzQ0NAacRHk8noWFhYWFRf+Klkajbd++HUyV7+zsfPr0qaamprKysq2t7fv37/trCseUlpaW4uLi58+fg8leqqqqWlpampqaurq6Ojo66urqUlJSe/fuBcVd4MUbFAod/Y/d19d3LMIyJjI3b978riRvWFy5cmXevHk/ynwWkqysrHXr1gEAYGdn9+9I62hubo6JiTE0NLS2tlZQUDhx4kRSUpKpqamqqqqurm5QUFB+fv6nT5/Onz8vKSm5cePGnTt33rhxIz4+HofDCTmwGBISIisrC/aPu7u7Y2NjXV1dwSteUCbe/zcbHR09d+7cy5cvj1jpC4FAzp8/LyEhoamp+eLFi39oqvYIGKciOCkpafny5YOnxEYDj8e7fv26nZ3dWBujtLW1PXv2TFJS8ruSu97e3tra2szMTG9vbzMzs8ePH4+gBxwVFaWsrAwAgLW1NSiW7+joEPK4j8PhDh48qK2tDZ7eBvPw4cPhFsFsNltWVhb0ZSMQCCdOnJg9e7a3tzeRSORwOKAKAovFotHoyspKPB6PwWDAFImcnBwIBMJgMHR0dISXnA5NT0+PkpISWOgrKioOkS05LLKystauXbtw4cLw8HCBQNDQ0IBEIsGkUzabjUKhIBAInU4nk8lZWVn5+flgYhyDwcjNzXV2dl69ejWoV/n8+fN3A7FEBZ/P19LSGvEFekxMTGRkpJubW/+S9+vXr2vWrCkoKBjZa9bX1xsbGx85cmQ07h+TjJ5bt25JSEgM2KrmcrnW1tY2NjaDr1KePn2qqKgYFhamrq4O5smNhSuO8LS3t4PBy6CMKioqKjQ09OXLlxgMRuT2ruB+iGhfcyLT1dVlaWk5+nPuuXPnpk2bNpoiODY2dt68edu2bRtsW/RPhEKhPHr0yNjY+OrVq+Hh4YmJiVpaWmATyt7ePiUlJTw8/OLFi1JSUtu2bTt69GhAQACBQBhZberp6amsrPzkyZNz5845OTlFRESkpaUN8LxjsViXL1+eP3/+CLKlBlNdXR0QEKCnp7d7924XF5dh9eP+oYxHEQxaCpw9e1aYB+fn57u7uwvjKhAeHg4AgJqa2shku8OFQqH89ddfy5cv7xvSEggEeXl5zs7O+vr6ZmZmDx48GJZqorW1taKi4sOHD6qqqgsWLJCSkuqzOEGhUOnp6cJvY7W3tw9xJfD8+XMAAIbbBfn69evu3bttbW2XLFmyevXqa9eugacrUPAAhgZjMJiSkhIcDgf2Sul0enFxcU5ODoFA2Lp16+hnMhgMxuvXr8+dO3fp0qXXr1+np6eL6v/6yZMnAAAsW7bs5cuXdDodi8U2NDRUVlaCzg9g9kdmZiaZTKbT6QwGA4/H19TUMBiMwMBACQmJTZs2ffnyBXwpb2/vMT1SdHd3HzlyZGgP1B/B5/NtbGxIJJKrq2v/XnVaWtq6detGXAT39vb29PRcunRJQUHhv3CUnJi8fPlywYIFAy59W1paTE1Nf7QJg8ViQYeyV69eicpkqqurq6mpaTwnzTs7OwsKCqKjo1+9ehUREfHlyxcEAvHTBdy8eXO4Eyn/aFAoVP+EyJEBhUIBANi7d+/g/XohuXXrFjhuMQFNzTo6OkJCQoQUZggEgvT0dDs7OwMDAz8/P1CPq6ysvHTpUj09vTdv3rx//97Kymr79u3S0tI2NjY5OTki2R58+/bt//73PwAA/Pz8Pn78WFxcXFZWVlJSkpaWdv/+fT09vWXLlm3fvn1wKN1oEAgECATi2rVru3fvPnny5AAXC/BL1dLSMuB03LdVPnT/bqLZFY9HEZyVlSUmJtbfo3QILCwsAAD4qQ64o6NDRUVl8eLF/ecix5q6urpdu3YdPXoUPOC+ffvWwsLi69evwv+8wYGq+Ph4GxsbBQWFhQsXSkhIXLx4EQKB9B3E8/PzDQ0NRdg1B68WLl++LPxTYDBYdna2kZHR/Pnzr1y5gsFgKisrGxoaQGc0cBIZTIyDQCBlZWUEAiEvL6+oqIhIJOJwuOzsbElJydEoRwkEgoeHh5OTk5eXl2gdCSorK+3s7EArNDwez+FwduzYoaurW1ZWxmKxqFQqHA6vqamprKwkEonV1dVgOkZeXt7Nmzc1NDSkpaX9/f37dvQoFIqlpeVYTzTr6+tHR0eP4ImfPn26du1aZ2fnpUuX+p/GPnz4sGLFisLCwlEuLD4+fv/+/a9fv544sVL/ETIzM3/77bf79+/3v7GqqurMmTOurq6D/zt4PJ6lpeW+ffvS09NlZWVHnGfeHxqNxmKxWltbcTjc+HwBenp6wsLCjh07pqCgoK2traamtnnz5j/++ENMTExJSen8+fOxsbE/GrR6+PChlZXVOCxygvD69evRyz+oVKqvr++IZeJPnz4FAOD06dMTUzoF5rnKyMgM7TTC4XCys7Pv3r3r7OwcFRWVl5fn7u6+a9cuMTExCwuLZ8+evXz50sjISFZW1sLCIj4+XuTlPh6P9/X1VVZW3rRp08aNGzdu3CguLg66RlhYWERGRo5sAEkYKioq3r17178IptPpBw8e1NHRkZSU3L17NzhYkpqaqqmpKS4ufvr0aRqNxuFwTpw4cf78eQ0NjYMHD2KxWAaDYWxs7OTkdOzYsYkmtBjzIrinp+f48eNnzpwRplUgEAhOnDhx6NChnzb82Gz2wYMHb968KaJlCktRUdHcuXPBthydTq+pqWGz2aBvQFZWVkJCQnh4eGxsbGho6I0bN5ycnGxsbM6fPw+60iorK+/cuVNcXHzTpk1r1qwxNjZ+9+5d/22mpqYmX1/fDRs2iHbwKDU19bfffjty5MhPT1Td3d3FxcVWVlbLli3T0tLKzMxUUVGJioqqr6+vra2lUChZWVkoFIrJZMJgsOLiYigUikaj4XA4CoWiUChQKBSJRFKp1Ly8vC1btgjjYD+Yqqqqhw8fGhoaPn36VOQxRYWFhZKSkgAAXLlyBfRbaGlpCQ0NXbx48R9//GFtbf3y5cuUlJSMjAwoFArmWDo6OsrIyOzevXvjxo1ubm4DBvC/fv06rJxkPp//9OlTOzu7xMTEmJgYIQ8Hp0+fBnP4houTk9OXL186OzsPHz7c/4+ZkJCwevXqYU2p/ojMzMwdO3aMbGB/kpHBYrG2bt1669at/jfW1tbq6ur6+fkNfjwMBpOTk9PU1AQ7EY8ePVJQUBjZNEVLS0t7ezscDufxeGA4ZW9v7/i0gclksouLy8mTJ1NTU/vqDD6f39DQkJ+ff/fu3SNHjmzYsGHlypVnz55NTEwc8AHfvHljamo6DuucCHR2dlpYWPS3Zx5/0tLSAACwsrKaaJ2/ATx//nz16tURERGD72ptbUUikQEBAe/evSMSiWlpaZaWlkuWLJGWlnZ2do6IiHB2dlZSUjI0NIyMjBzrVrdAIODz+S0tLQ0NDRwOZ8S9+VGCw+FmzJixePHi69evL126dPfu3SgUatWqVWvWrLGzs5szZ46Ojg6dTp8/f/78+fMvXLgwbdo0bW3tvLw8AADmzJlz4sSJibYnMOZFcFpa2sKFC4XsOZWVlZmamgqTct7d3c3lckUeUSsMR44cUVJS4nK5MTExYOynuLj43r17jx07pqmpefDgQVVVVVVVVR0dHV1d3UOHDh06dMjc3NzV1dXX1zciIuLjx48/qu3c3NwAABj9KMMAmpubxcXFly5dOtjwoQ84HO7u7n7w4ME5c+Zs2LDB29sbg8FwuVxLS8u9e/fi8XgymYxEIsGYNLDdC4FAEAgEjUYD1REwGAyNRufk5BQXF8fGxoqJiY2gxnr//r2pqWlkZKTIcxna2tquX78O+rEHBAQMuB4oLS29cOGClJQUmMm5cOHC5cuXr169euvWrdra2rdv387MzPzul+3atWtxcXHCL+P+/fuzZs3S1NQEI0C/6388GE9Pz6NHjwr/LiAMBsPW1pbL5fJ4vGPHjvWfR0lMTFy5cuXIBuMGA+4SiOSlJvkpzc3Nu3fvHrCz39jYqKen911LmZCQkLVr17q4uPR957u7u39ULv+IxsZGLBYLhUIzMjJYLBYYyDyaTzFcmEymkZHR4ByQATAYjI8fPx48ePD3339fsWLFhQsX+nreYWFhQ8fu/Jv4+vUr6In5qxaAQCDmzp27b9++X7WAYQGBQP7+++/+V5V8Ph8Oh6ekpGAwGB6Pl5aWpqamNm3aNHl5+Xv37t2+fVtDQ0NPTy8wMFC0k04THwqFMnv2bCcnp97e3mfPni1ZsuTx48cAAIAtYTMzszlz5mRkZIiJiYE9Smtr60WLFr1582bq1Kl37tz5xav/HmNbBAsEgkOHDikpKQnZKkhKSoqJiRnTJY2e58+fg9k8EhISjx49gsFgZDK5oaGhu7u7ra2ts7OTx+O1tbWNoDsCigrGYs1gbPJgv5WmpqbU1FQFBYU5c+bMmjVLSUkpPDycQCDU1tbW1NTg8fhv376Ji4vHxMQUFxeXl5dTKJTy8nIkEkmj0ZhMZmFhIdj6xePxJSUl4PYokUh88ODBmjVrhrvl+vLlS1NTUyKRKLrP/X+Ul5erq6sDALB58+YhQrM4HA4SiSwuLi4pKYFCoXg8vrq6eghRXVtb25kzZ4a4tBhAc3Pzli1bDAwMOjs7b926NXXqVCHlaAkJCZs3bxb+jUBCQkKePXvW29vL5XINDQ37X1smJiaKiYn92kbRJCPD1tZWVVW1fw3K4/HOnz//3b2Ce/fuSUpKDv7ho9HoHTt2/FTPzeVy37596+npGR0dXVZWRiQSf0nKFJVK/fjx47BMtWAwmJOT086dO3///feDBw9GR0c7OjqKyq9GVDQ3N4NzCAQCITs7Oz4+PjU1FXTDGM3wQ3d3t6Wl5XDDREQIhULZsmXLunXrhnvI+oVgMBh1dXVTU9OWlpampqbY2FgKhVJXV5eRkXHs2LH58+fLycnZ2NjY29trampaWlr+9Hrs3woWi502bRqorrS1tRUTEwsJCQEAABySOX78+KJFizIyMv78809vb+/e3l5LS8ulS5dGRUVNmzatv03nxGFsi+D8/PxZs2YJmdXJ5/NhMNjEFxc6OjpOnTr1+vXrw5K9FxYWvnr16tOnT1gslslkFhUVjecBIjc3d9q0acrKyuDMdXV19fv3769fv7579+7p06erq6t7eHhkZWXh8fi2tjYOh5Oeng6FQkEzYE9PT1VVVRwOh0QiCwoKKBQKGCGBx+OxWCxoIoZCoYhEIgwGw+PxFArl+PHjy5cvF1LM0NPTk5+f7+zsfOvWLZE3FOvr6wMDA5ctWwYAgL29vWj1FVgs1sHBQfhtqebm5uXLl4MTohERETNnzhSyE4zD4RYtWjQsCW9DQ4OpqSnooVNbW2tsbNx/nZ8/f167du1YWEJWVFTcvXv3ypUrSUlJ4G85KSkJ/Oe/xhj/F/L8+fNt27YN+JkEBQV9twdsa2srLS39oyHjZ8+eRUVF/eiNqqqqgoODDx486Ojo+OnTp7Hbe+3q6hq64Ovp6amoqBhuHCPo502lUv39/bW0tBYtWjR16tSDBw+OxmlYJDQ3N5eUlAQEBBgaGrq6ul65csXHx+fLly9hYWHx8fFwODwyMvLx48eWlpYjbogkJSXp6OiIdtnCU1VVtWXLlrlz5w6ObZrggEOlioqKb9++bWxshEKhR48enTNnjpSUlJubm4GBwb59+xwcHES1gfYPpaSkBNws1dHRAQDA0NCQQqGsWrVq48aNZ8+e7btl3rx5oDBp6tSp+vr6+fn5AAB8+PDhVy//O4xtEWxoaKisrCzkxtkv0TYMl4qKilWrVglptdPd3V1bW0ulUsPDw7W0tLZs2aKoqBgQEIDFYqlUqjCqDxHi5OQEAICbm1tvb6+pqem8efPExMROnz6dkZFBIpGamppqampIJFJfTkR6ejoMBmOxWGQy+ciRI+bm5k1NTTgcDpQ9VFVVlZSUlJSUIJHIsrKy4uJiUBoBh8MxGMyRI0ekpKT6v7tAIKiuriaTyd++fUtJSXn79m1gYODTp09v3LhhZWXl4OCQlJQkcpePjIwMOTk5AAAUFBSys7NF++K9vb1fvnzpH8P2UwQCgb6+/sKFC319fSUkJObPny9kc6u1tXXPnj3DMmLz8/PrM8Vjs9kGBgb9v29QKPSvv/4SeSe4s7Pz5MmTU6dO3bNnz9y5cyMjI9PT02fNmrVx48Y1a9YAACDk9fAk36WsrGzDhg0DpPbJyckvX74cvPEdHBysqak5gpoPi8VevHhRR0fH3Ny8rKxsBOtks9mg10pycnJmZmZpaWl6enppaSkcDgf3jr58+UKlUtPT0+vr6/F4/ODhZi6X2ye+FwgEw91TSk1NNTQ0xGKxNBqtubmZRqPl5+dbW1vLysrq6OjIyckFBgaOc1gDHo+PiYm5efOmtbW1s7NzcHBwWloak8n80UEvNzd3iFDPIejq6rp8+XJOTs6olzwS2Gy2nJzc3LlzJ+aQQHt7OwwGG7og8fHxOXToEDgYs3nzZktLSycnJ1tb23v37o1djsw/iKKiotmzZ+vp6enp6V26dAnsKxUVFR07dkxaWvratWt1dXUEAmHmzJm6uro7d+48evQomKt1+PDh8Q8+E4YxLIIJBMKqVatAr9kxgkqlEgiE0bwCAoEwMTEJDw8X8vGXL1/W0NAQ3sOyp6enra2tsbGRw+F0d3d3dnb+Kp1WfX39rl27ZsyYkZSUBIFAHj58SKFQyGRyY2MjhUKhUCgEAgGDwZBIpKKiIhKJBGp/4XA4gUD49u3bqlWrvn79WlFRAealkUgkDAYDhUJhMBgWi83Pz8disUQikUQiJSYmbt++3c7Orre3F4fDRUdHu7i4XLhwwdjY+I8//tixY8eDBw9evHgREhKSk5NTWlpaV1cn8r8JaJ0IAMCUKVPc3d3HSIkfHBw83Ayq8vJyDQ0NeXn53bt3L168WPga5erVqxYWFkI+mE6n29nZ9U3dNTU1nTp1qv/OA5vNlpaWFrltZ1NT044dO5YsWXLt2jUjI6OMjAwwZ7u3t/fOnTsAAIxsVnKS3t5eLpcrLy8/QFSHwWB8fHwGf729vb1lZGSG23fHYDBXr14F/UGFManso6mpqbKyMi0tLTQ01MfH58CBA2ZmZm/evDExMQkJCUlMTAwPD4dAIGD+IhqNTklJIRKJxcXFjY2N4BGy/6u1trai0WhQqtHV1cVgMIZ1eQxeagYHBzc3N7NYrMrKShgMVlVVFRIScvTo0c+fP5uamk6ZMmXp0qVGRkYlJSWjEXh0dXWBEXegaAqDwfTfHuzo6CgsLLx79y6YK+nk5DQsK6GWlpakpKThRrUVFRWZmZkN6ymiAoPBSEhILFu2bGLWOr29va2trRAIZOh2G5lMfv369dy5c9esWePh4XHlypV37979qim0CQg47wgK7X4EBAIBAKDP8nWCM4ZF8N27dxcvXszlcsfo9ZlM5vnz50cjoi0rKwM3yrdu3SqMh0tGRsaKFSv+ubshEAhk7ty5CxcuBE1VGAwGlUotKirC4XAYDAYCgWAwGCQSSSKR4HA4g8Egk8nl5eU4HI7BYCQlJRUWFoJXHbm5uaWlpQwGA4lE5ubmFhYWgo3h8vLyqqqqZ8+eTZkyxcHB4dy5c0ZGRh4eHmFhYbm5uUQiEcyT9Pf3H+Wly9DExsauX78eAAAlJaU+N9+xICgoaAQip46OjqamppcvX06ZMkX4Ijg2NtbQ0FDIBz98+LB/d627u9vMzKx/ySsQCOTl5V+9eiX0qoWCz+dHREQcPXp0zZo14uLijx8/PnjwoJaWVm9vb1RU1JQpU76bAjqJMDg6Ompra/cvB7u7uz98+DDYmzw2Nnb//v3D6p5++vTJwsLi+PHjd+7codFoQj6LQCA8efLE1NQUnP318/P79OkTHA6nUChMJnMEDrUNDQ18Pr+8vLzPM6e9vR2JRA6rCGYymcrKygUFBaCCC4/HIxAIOp0eGBioq6tbUVHB5XJhMJiHh8fWrVv//PNPBQWFkJCQoWvTjo6O6upqPB6fk5Pz4cOH5OTkhIQEDofz+fNnJpPZZ/JDpVJBt8S2tra4uDg7O7vr168/f/4cBoONzDK2rq7u06dPwv8lOzo6Tp069V2jg7EmNzdXTExswYIFozdeHDvq6+s/fvz4I8klODw9e/bshIQEKBQqKyurqqo6du5j/1AqKipcXFyGvs6hUqmGhoYYDGbcVjUaxqoI7ujo2L59u7Gx8Ri9fnt7u66u7urVq0fsOcdms9+9e6egoLBjx474+Pif9gM6Ojp2795tbm4+srebIHz48GH69OmLFi369u1bS0sLOPENgUAoFAoajYZCoTgcjk6ng3YQaDSaRqOBagcCgUAmk0tLSyEQCBaLLSgoAGXBeDy+qKgItEjD4/GfP38G4zHV1dUTEhIGbzw1NzeDKepOTk7Z2dmiTfvj8/nOzs4AAMyYMePhw4djGiXY09Pj6+s74iuiL1++qKioCN/mqaioOHDggDD9OTQa7ezsPOD77OrqOqBel5KSElWkX/9FKigoODk5BQUFAQBgYGBga2v7+++/v3///ujRowAAjKer97+JtLS0PXv2DLDni4qKgsFgAx5ZVFSkoKAgvBzz8+fPR48eVVdXj4iIENLumslkxsTE2NjYaGtrnzlzJjQ0FIVCjfK3xmazc3Nzv3z5MuAXAfaJh9WsxePxEhISUCi0pqYmNzeXQqGwWKyampq3b98qKSlRqVQGg0EkEqlUKgaDSUlJMTExWbFixZYtWx49etTX8MvLy4NCod++fXvy5MmzZ88CAwOvX7/u6up67do1Jyenly9fwuHw1tbWurq6Ad0TFotVUFDg5eV1//79kYlJ+tPd3f3t2zfhbcg/ffokLy8/zsYdfD4/KChozpw5ampqw4qLGn8QCMSDBw++e1dbW5uRkREAAJ6enuAfvLa21sDAQE9Pb5SR0ZNMcMaqCE5OTl61atVoMjnb2toyMjJ+VOMWFBQAADAsi9YB9PntCVmIhIWFycnJTTSf5xEQEhIyY8aM5cuXv3nzpqqqisFgoFCogoICBAJRWlpaWFhYVlaGRqORSCTYSoFCoXA4nEgk4vF4FApFJpNra2vhcDgcDmcymaBFGoFAyMjIsLS0BABg0aJF/U8n36W5ufnr16+3b9++cOFCaGioSMIm0tLSFBUVwWjlcYgxa2lpcXR0HHGQB5/P53A4wuvgu7u75eXlX7x4MfTDenp6XF1dB6cHBQUFDTCf3rNnDyhZESFdXV0+Pj4rV67cvHmzpKRkVlYWm81WUVHZuHHj6tWrZ86cCdroTDIs2traZGRkBpy8k5OTB/cIORyOioqKkJ59VCrV2NhYSkoqLCxMGD1ST09Pdnb2tWvXNDU17ezsXr16NcoxR7CILC8vDwsL+/bt24sXL7q7uwfUu2w2+9u3b8Oalq6qqpKUlMzOzm5paSEQCDQarb6+nkKhPH78WFlZGYvFIhAICARCo9FIJBIej29tbYVCoVpaWvPmzZOXlwc/FFgr43A4LBbLZrN5PB6fzx/i19rZ2VlTUwOBQMLCwmAwmAjbh+Xl5f3NDYegra3t6NGjHz9+FNVbCwMcDpeRkQEAwMnJaXyiW0dDWlrad4vgnp6eEydOAAAwwJyqq6vr0qVLf//993/NB+0/xZgUwQKBQFtb+/Tp06N5kStXrgAA8N355ba2Ng8PjxMnToybO2ldXd369euFlw5PcFJTUxcuXDh37tzbt2/D4XA2m41AIFAoFJh8UVxcDE6/IZHI0tLS8vLygoICCAQCukDgcDiwDVxeXo5AIMDM5IcPH27YsAEAgGPHjg2rGYDBYLy8vCwtLUejH6qvr3dwcJgyZcqUKVOcnZ3Hx4ubx+Ndv35dJMlbQnL8+PGfbkSUl5fb29sP1qxHR0cPyFY4efLkGGkHwY3jvqsgPp/PYDB8fHwAABjnM/S/Ax8fn61bt/a//K6vrw8ODh6gKers7DQzMwNtiYamra3t4cOHurq6zs7OwmzTt7S0BAcH29raOjg4REZGgpYjwtDS0kKj0SAQSGpqanJy8uPHjz09Pa9cC8APDwAAIABJREFUuXLlyhU3N7fr169HR0cnJyenpqb+6DK4u7sbnKYQ8h1BjIyMbty4wefz8/LykEhkeXk5CoV68eLF5cuXmUwmiUSqrKwkk8lFRUUwGAyBQBAIBDgcnpOTs2PHDi0tLeFHPnp7e9vb2zkcTmpqak5ODovFErl4tKSkRMgZvkuXLtna2or23YcgPz/fzMxs+vTp27dvH1PVmQgBjTgG3w5mO/8oeyskJERSUvL9+/djvLpJfg1jUgRDIJDFixePZuymoaFh5cqVu3fv/q6PGJ/PT0xMHM+m7L1799TV1Sda0sloQKPRenp6AAD89ddfsbGxXC6XRCLl5+fj8fiKioqysjIEAoHFYslkMgKBKCgoAKV+YE0MFr4VFRXZ2dkeHh579uyZNm2apKTkixcvRuZwh0AgbGxsfHx8RuAQgsVi9+/fDwDArl27RD7pNQRdXV0PHz4cTxugx48f79q1a2ivKC8vr7dv3w6+PSEhYUBmrIuLi5aW1rhZssTHx8vIyPxz9fS/CiaTuW7dugENKjabPdhO28fH58SJEz99waKion379ikpKQljyM3n85OTk01MTM6fP/+j3RUOh0OlUvPz81+9euXt7X3//v179+5dvXr13Llzx48f19bWPnnypLW1tZWVlYWFhYODQ3BwcFRUFAQCqaio+OnXr62t7enTp8MdDktOTt68eTMajcZgMCgUqqGhgUgkggIJNpsNjjqAt8DhcDDTlUqltrS0wOHw3377TcjDSHd3d0tLS35+fnp6+hglN/X09JBIpObm5p8+8uvXr3v27BH++mQ0UKlU0Hh+2bJld+/enZiRyINpbm6+ePHigMZZWVmZoaEhqN8bQtLz/v377du3D3cMepJ/BGNSBJ8/f37Hjh2jGfkvKSlRVFR8+fKlCFc1Ykgk0vbt23Nzc3/1QkRMV1eXv7+/uLj41KlTDx8+/P79ewKBAFpGoFCo/Px8IpFIoVBQKBTY8UWhUBAIBBxbefv27enTp7du3QoAwO7du1+/fj3KvbDW1lZ7e3ssFjusZ3348GHFihUzZ868devWOFvOdXd3g1Ep4/aOeDxeXFx8iHesqalxcHD47qUaCoVyd3fvLxZ88uTJvHnzJk1/Jjjnzp07dOhQ/1swGAyTyRzwsFevXsnIyAxdAzU3N1+9enXLli2PHz8W5uDMZDLDw8M9PT3BsOU+QOPexMTE69ev6+vr7927V1VV9cyZMw4ODvfu3Xvy5ElERERiYiJYaDY2No5GLtzZ2VlXVzcCAwd7e/tdu3ZlZGSw2Ww2m00gECAQSFlZWWlpaUlJCRwOp9PpTCaTQCDg8XjQ2zEnJwcOh8+cOfOntU5TU1NDQ0NOTg44NDx2V5ICgSAxMXGAFnwwlZWVSkpKBQUFY7SMPmg0mp2d3bJly7Zt2xYUFDRGO7ECgYDNZos8luXVq1cDGgGBgYEaGhpiYmKzZs1CoVBDPx2NRu/bt+/s2bMTPAV6kuEi+iKYy+WuXr26z6N0uHR1dWVlZcXExHz79m2CDGYqKSmZmJj86lWMFZWVlXfv3t24cePSpUs1NDQiIyNjY2OLi4txOByomQN3D+FweEFBQV5e3p07d3bs2DFz5syZM2fKyMiI0D7mzp07wrv5CgQC0Pl43rx58fHxIlnAsOjp6Xn48OF4tjZ7enp0dXXv3r37owdERUW9fv36u3fV1NScPXu2vxlFdHQ0AACjn92ZZOwgEAhLlizpmybs6ekBjXUHZL6wWCx5efnBQvD+VFdXa2pqCuka0dnZmZmZ+eHDh/5VdUNDQ3p6upeXl56enpaWloaGhoGBwePHj1Eo1MisDzo6OvrqYw6H8yMfIRaLNYKZgZ6eHhcXFxkZGVdX17S0NDKZXFhYCIFAQLEvAoEgEoksFgu0LgYv+zMzM8vKytasWePj4zP0i4PzEg0NDWMd7cTlcltbW4cuB7u6uk6fPu3u7j6mK2GxWLdu3Zo/f/7GjRv9/PyamprAyeCx2B3t6emJiooSba3Z0tIiIyOTnJwM/rOystLR0dHR0TElJeX3338XcriooaFBR0dHV1d3WAaCk0xwRF8EJyYmiouLC++z05/Gxsa2traCgoKxyM4dGTExMevWrfvlOUPCwOPxRlyPNjc3v3jxQldXd/ny5evWrduzZ4+mpqaqqqqzs7ODg4OCgsKePXskJCS2bNmyfPlybW1tb29vKBQq2ot1d3d34V2lPT09AQBYt26dqMpQGo1WVFQ0rLNaUFDQOBvfenp6/khq39HR4e7u/iNXmpaWlmPHjpWWlvbdgsfj582bN6ywj0nGGUtLy+PHj/f9s6enJyUlZUAFLBAIzp49O/TEZGpq6p49e65evfrT40NnZyfo3wKDwcBd+NbW1szMzEuXLmlpaRkbG/v6+mZkZAyYlwfjf9Fo9JcvX0CfRDweHxkZmZKScu/ePX9//4yMjHfv3oWEhPj6+pJIpLCwsM7Oztzc3L6KnEAg/Cg98dOnTyM+/MLh8IsXL+7Zs+fOnTtfvnyBwWBtbW18Pp9Op+NwONAjAolEVlZW1tTUgPLlOXPmDBCf/EIIBMLQwaINDQ1nzpy5fv362JXjAoEgODh41apVK1eu9PPz66t6q6urFRUVRzwZPAQcDmdkl1VDcOvWrb4jZ3x8vJ6eHtg6UVFRERcXF/4qq6Ojw9XVdZyld5OMKaIvgk+ePHnq1KmRPXeiqYva2tqUlJSePHnyqxfycwoLC+Xk5LZt2zbK2SMSiZSammptba2np7dhw4alS5euX79+/fr1mpqa169fz8zMpNFoY3TABd2IhHlkZGQkAAB//vnniF2i+Xw+qN/o6z95eXn99ddfwzrdvnnzZlgpbqMHAoGoqKh8V/hRXl7u6Og4xNYzONHf908ej6eiomJvbz8W65xk9JBIpNWrVw9o1Q9O27l//76BgcEQP8mAgIDdu3cLeVjIyckJDQ0FZTN4PP7mzZu6urqGhobPnj3rP/Da3d2dlZV1//59R0fHI0eOHDp06OTJk+fPn3d1dY2Li4PD4RkZGU+fPk1ISIiJiXn37h0ej8/Pz8/Nzc3Ozq6vry8oKOjs7GxtbR1ir6+9vR38pAKBYJQX24WFhT4+Pnp6egcOHLC1tb17966Hh0d4eHheXh4KhSovL0ej0QwGg8ViWVtb//XXX+MsrPoRUCh0aCVJZWWlhoaGh4fH2K2hpKREXV199uzZN2/eHNyqt7Kyunz5ssjfNCsrS7RdsIKCAnFxcXC+0MfHR19fHxSVgeeRp0+fDvcF3759u3379h9tu03yz0LERXBFRcWaNWvGuTIYO5ydnffv3z/x85x5PJ6amhoAAAAAODo6iuplW1tbwdHssd71A4mLixMmvqGgoGDRokW///77aK7Fw8PDDx06pK+vLyMj4+XlBUbiAQBw+PBh4V02S0pK7ty5M6ZuxAPg8Xjq6up9m3r9ef78+dDtQF9f30uXLvW/xdHRUVVVVcRLnERExMfH79mzZ+hN4dTUVCUlJTqd/qMHxMTEKCgoCJOP3dLSUlxczOfzq6urS0pK3Nzc1NTULC0toVAo+IDu7m5QO2tvbx8TExMUFHTnzp23b98WFhYSCAQhbbyEhEwmv337FpyH43A4IhnMb21thcFgAQEBV69eNTU1PXDggJaWlqKiopSU1IsXL1pbW6Ojo+fPnx8WFjb69xolzc3NtbW1dDp9iAMvl8tVVVV1dXUdu2XExsZOnTp1+/btP1IbFxcX//333yJPPuJwOCI02Whra5OUlHz8+HFvb6+7u7uJiQk4W9zc3Lxhw4Zt27YJM3c4GCgUum3btps3b058Y7hJhkbERXBYWNjy5ctFvpfxSygvL1+xYsU/Iui1oaFh165da9asuXHjRlFR0T9UuZ+QkBAZGTn0YygUioSEBAAA0dHRo3kvd3d3AACMjIzMzc0BAAgODlZTU1u8eHFsbKzw1zzt7e0XLlwYsD091pw6derChQsDemM8Hs/ExGToNnZqauqAJ4aHh+/cuXNYhlCTjBswGGzu3LlDWAe2tLQoKioOEcLn7e1taGgo5PSSQCAA/WHA9t7bt2/7vthMJjMiIiImJiY/Px+BQKDR6LGb1mhsbAwJCYmOjubxeGAJ2N7eXlJSInIvoI6OjpqaGjQaXVxcjEAg7OzsVqxYMeJRFhFCo9FAhcbQD7Ozs7tx48bYLePZs2fTp0+3srIaWvX76NEjNTW1UTpGDyA3N1eEhbWxsTEohLC1tXV0dOzrcTx58gQAgNGYu1VUVBw+fPjAgQOi/fiTjDMiLoL19fX/6Zlqfdja2gofVPvLKS4uzszM/Pz5M5FIHJ/GrchJSEj4aWlra2sLAMC1a9dG+V53795dtmxZfX09lUqdOnWqm5ubn5/f1q1bh9uBuHnz5tADSSLHy8tLRkZmQPeirKzs0qVLQ+8a19bWHj58uP8FKp1O37BhQ1JS0litdZJR8PHjxz/++GPRokU/qoMDAwOHKIMQCMS1a9eEd/9Ao9EPHjzQ19fv74aOxWKfPHny+vVrPB4/ppaUPT09cDj88ePHNjY2oaGhAy7j09PTs7KyxuJ98Xh8UFCQnJyclpbWL1d5crncyspKJpP50+sWNBotLS09XOc44QkODgYA4KcDgiDq6uqSkpLPnj3Lzs4WiUdbZmamqJLnHj9+vH79ejQabW9vf+vWrb4jZHNz89q1a+Xk5Eb5+jwe79y5cyoqKuNpEzSJaBFlEYxAIJYuXZqTkyPC1/xVFBQU7Nq1S0iX8gGAVkRWVlbjluUBwmaz8/LyamtrRW4uMz7k5ub6+/sP8YC8vDxwe270I8nu7u5Lliyh0WilpaVTp069e/eun5/fxo0bf9qAGUBOTs5YqOKGoKCgYOnSpQMG4EJDQ3/qJ9jZ2Xnw4MHk5GQWi9U32CQpKTmmmsJJRgaPxzt27Jibm9vWrVtXrVplZmY2YIMiLy9v//79P5pSr6qqCgoKElKi0NPT8/jx4yNHjrx9+xZs8TY1NbW1tcHhcNAbcVgrB6/AuVxuY2MjFAolEAhJSUlJSUm3b9/W1dU1MjKytbUNDAz09/d/9epVYGDg3bt3TU1NT506de7cucePH3930AqHw4Hb2aICj8d7eHisW7du586d5ubmfZKPXwWbzQY700IWfwEBASdPnhyjxdDp9Hnz5h09evS793Z3d9Pp9Ly8PF9f39OnT2/fvl1MTAwAgOnTp2/evHnNmjVSUlJubm6FhYUjkxn09vampKRkZGSM4hP8H+Be7u3bt01NTR89etT/rpiYGAAAUlJSRv8uvb299+/fX7169T9i03iSwYiyCLaxsZGWlv4X7K52dnbKycmNrN0oEAhOnz4NWncN1/X2P05JSckQeVcCgUBNTW3mzJki6byCAWby8vI7duyYNm0aEom8e/cuAABHjhwZ1he4qanJxsZmPHPj6uvrV69ePUAl6eXlJYzu8+LFi56entnZ2YqKiu7u7k1NTRcvXvwX2//9c3nz5o2Dg4Obm1taWhoUCt2wYYOtrW3fNgWPx9PX1/+uNLy3t5fJZObk5Ag54slkMt3d3a9fvw7W0z09Pe3t7fn5+UwmU/hraTBSmMFgkMnkjIyMjIyMkpKS3Nzc6OhoHA6Xm5uLQqEyMjJSU1MzMjLevHkTFhYGSoq9vb2fP3+enJxMIBCGkCG1tLTk5eWNsr3S09ODRqMfPnx48uRJCQkJZWVlHx8fNBo9mtccDVwut7OzE4lE4vF4JBI5dAjOALy9vS9cuDBGCzMxMVm7dm1/c2KBQMBgMJ48eXL58mVtbW1JScl169YdPnzYwMDA1tY2NDT0wYMHSUlJhYWFoaGhlpaWampq4uLiSkpKlpaWWVlZw92ZLCsr+6ku7qdwudxdu3bt2LHDzMxswAZjZ2fnvn37Vq9eLUJ/t5iYGElJyX9Npux/CpEVwa2trVu2bBnnrtgY8fLly02bNg2wARKSBw8egBWwyJ0O//UUFhZ6eXn96N7i4mIAAITJxBKG+/fv/+9//zM3NzcxMQH7AUQi0cXFxcvLa7hXcZ8+fbpx48a4TU92dnbq6Oj0v1pobGwMDAz8qaN+b29vfHy8srJyR0cHHA4/c+aMvr6+rKzsgQMHxnK9kwwbLpd78uTJFy9eWFpaghLGxMREAAA2bdoE9vsfPnx4/fr17z63rq4Og8EI2VBks9nOzs79bbbB1PSuri4hK2A6nd7a2pqXl0ckEul0OgaDaWpq4nK53d3doh0YbW5uBivp4T6xvb3948ePPj4+Kioqu3bt0tXVdXNzI5PJ439w7kuVKy0tbWlpSUtLq62tbW5uHsEQWEhIyBgVwTAYbPr06SEhIeA/mUxmYGCgnp6euLj43r17tbS0/P39CwsLi4uLKyoqCAQCkUisr6+vrq5mMBg1NTUVFRXl5eUYDKasrOz58+dqampbtmxRUlJKTEwU/rja3t4eEhIyIKJlWHR2dlpYWIBBToNVvwUFBQAACOkNLDxwOFxaWtrBwWHiT9JP0h+RFcGZmZlLliwRPuxgwlJdXS0lJfXu3bsRPPfDhw8zZsyQkJD45fKyfyLFxcV37tz50b2mpqYAAPQFB4wSR0fHhQsXDjFWLzzt7e0XL14cz2++v79//xQxMpns7e0tjKkFlUrduHFjn7NyZmamkZHR2rVrQ0NDx2qtkwyfwMBAV1dXR0fHPqcCa2vrK1euREZG/u9//9PQ0FBUVPyRHjQ5OVnIbzWLxUpLS+vL/S4tLa2srOwfYDEEdDqdQCAIBIKoqCgKhdLS0jI+G4AUCuXly5fCRBWwWKyEhIQzZ85s27Zt06ZNhw4devPmzS/JR+RwOGDHMT09HZygqq2tHaWlAAaDOXjw4LCax0ICboiB3y6BQFBcXGxkZBQZGVlaWkogEBoaGng8HpPJLC8vp1AoNBoNjUaTyWQWi1VcXJybm4vBYAgEAoFAAEP1sFjsp0+fPDw8tmzZIikp+fz58x9FogwAhUIdP358ZH2o3t7eixcvAgCwY8eO71bSrq6u06ZNG4tNADqdrqqqqqurO6YC+klEi8iKYF9f3507d46nXdQYce3atf3794/sucePH1+xYsW/QxU9/pBIJAcHh+/exWAwFi9eLCsrK6ovWGJi4o0bN0Tl64RCoS5fvjxuX/7Xr1/v2LGjz1Q7LS3typUrwrTuBALB0aNH3dzc+m7h8XgRERFqamrGxsaT39uJQENDg4GBQXp6upWVFVjlpKam7tixA6we0Gj077//Li4uPjgVhcfjkUgkIZu4TCbz9evX/YvCsrKynwriBQJBU1OTQCDIzc2Ni4vrFYWJ73D5/PlzQEBAVFTUq1evioqKamtreTxed3d3R0cHhUL58uXLw4cPLS0tpaWld+7caWlp+fz581/iVsRiscD/MjgcDuaA9PT0iOpv1dHRcfbs2bEQoZqYmKxcubKurq6xsbGysrKlpaWqqqq1tbW5uZlCoYC50zQajcFg0Ol0MBWlpKSEQqGQyWQymVxVVcVisbBYLAQCqaqqolKpaDS6qakJj8dbWFj8/fffe/bs8ff3F6YUDgkJ0dPT+2ma8WCuX78+ffr0CxcufNe0oaurS0pKSkVFZYy+ty0tLSYmJkpKSiJ3jptkjBBNESwQCAwMDCaCv8woweFwS5YsGVnexLNnz3R1dX9JhO+/AywWa2dn99273r9/DwDAmzdvxnlJwhMUFHTx4sXx6Yfl5ORs2rSpbx45NjZWeL93T09PdXX1vn96eXmBg3Hv3r0zMjIyNDQsLi4W+YInEZ7AwEA3N7fnz5+DVWZjY6O8vHxqaip4b2FhoaKi4uXLl//888+AgID+T+Tz+cI4wwgEAtAxdwRt0a6urg8fPohESNDV1dXR0fHTdKTW1tbBZRCYHf3o0SMtLa0DBw7o6OiABpE7d+7ct2+fgYFBQEBAeXn5WCT6/pTq6mpwN7wv7G2MrhPS0tKkpaVHNro9BKqqqrKysqT/T0NDA5vNplAoKBSKTCaDShswIBCJRJaWllKpVBKJhMfj2Ww2jUbD4/FMJpNAIJSVlVEoFA6Hg0ajS0pKKisrKyoqSktLX7x4IS0tvX79+pCQkJ92DYKDgyUlJYdlvGBlZbVkyZIhQpTy8vIAABjrWsXX13fz5s0iGe+bZKwRTRHMYDD+/vtvYUZzJjiurq5HjhwZ2XPv378/mb81GkgkkqWl5XfP4mfOnJk/f/5wrRvGk87OTisrq8DAwHF4r+7ubmVl5b5LgsDAwD71Dp/PH7rL8vXr1507d/b1SCwtLfv89tvb2/38/OTk5G7evCkSq6NJhktdXZ2enl5cXJyZmRmYW2ZiYmJkZATeW1NTo6SkBF5mh4WFTZkypU+7KTx8Pn8E5+aamprMzMyenp7h7uO3t7fT6fTS0tKoqCg/P79r165ZWFhYW1ufOXPGzc0tKCjo/fv3Q8SD0en07OzsHxWRTU1NZDIZCoUmJyfHxcXl5eWNhULgp7S1tfVd/X758kWEQQ9D8/jx4+PHj4v2p3r48GF5eXkOh8PhcJBIJA6Ho1AoOTk5UCi0qqqqoaGBQqHQ6XQajYbFYkEJOIvFQqFQNBoNh8PBYDAymdzY2EgkEkGlRGFhYV5eHoPBoFKpUCiUy+XSaDRwhl5WVjY8PHzob1R0dLSysrKQ8VseHh7/+9//fhTtAeLp6Tl9+vQRB3ELT2hoqISExAji6CYZZ0RTBPv7+8vJyY3YEmWCQKVS169fP7IkXiqVWlZWxmQyRbKS4uLikJCQ/9pcHYfDMTc3/+63SExMTF1dXfgst1/F5cuXwdg2Pp9Pp9OZTGZ9fX1dXR2Px2traxPhwISamlpfxPSFCxfAZklnZye4iTnEE7u6uhQUFMApZj6fr6ioOKBwp1KpXl5e2trat27dEtX3eRIhef78+b1797y9vcHoxOTk5MWLF4Ob6b29vU5OTjdv3ux7MCjfPHz4sJBn9ObmZhKJJBAIRqDb4fP5Qnovtre3czicvLy8e/fumZuba2lpycvLHzhw4OLFix4eHo8ePQoJCcnLy8Pj8aARW3l5+eXLl7+rWODz+WlpacKstqOjg0gkjmaUajTQaLS+H924ebS3tra2t7ebmZmtWbMmMjLypz11ITE2NpaRkamsrGSxWEgkEoxHYTAYoLaBxWLhcLji4uLa2tq6ujoqlVpRUUGlUrOyskpKSohEItgtptPpOBwuIyOjtLQUhULhcLiqqioGg1FQUJCfn4/FYuvr6+l0upOT05YtW1RUVIYIfOnt7cVisbq6uj9VfEVFRU2dOnVo1/Oenh4lJSVZWdnx0fAUFBRs3br1ypUr/1Dn/v8IIiiCOzo6ZGVl+9oVIoHBYJibm585c0ZFRcXAwIBMJhcVFR09elRfX19aWtre3t7Y2FhcXNze3l6E3+Zr166pqKiMoFJpbW199+4dFAoVSYJid3e3lpbWrFmzJkiE/bjR2dlpa2s7eLCdw+HMmzev/+l/gtDd3c1msxEIxLdv34KCghwdHbds2QIAwNatW1euXLlw4cLFixcvX758xYoVq1evXrly5aZNm3bv3n348GFTU1NPT8+4uLj8/HywGhjuW+vp6YHTzTwez8zMDGyAgf2Ynz7X2toaTIGhUqk7d+787gYOFot1dHTU09Pz8fEZ8XjKJMOCy+WamJi8efPG0tKyvb29paVl27ZtDx48AO99//69jo5O/y1+f3//zZs3q6mpbdiwQRg9d0NDQ3FxschP/z09PUgkMjY21sPD48yZMyYmJubm5o6Ojm5ubq9fv87Pz6fT6T9qjvb09Lx79y4jI2NADScQCDIzM5OTk9vb23+6YDabXVRURKfTx3kipaurC+xTjKcwGolE+vn5WVpaWllZWVlZOTg42NjYWFtbW1lZubu7f/36dZSdgps3b86aNSs3N5dCoVRWVqJQKCwWCxa1WVlZ4DxcSUkJmUzG4XAQCAQKhZJIpLKyspKSEhwOh0Qic3JyEAgEhUIBTabxeHx5eXl2djaBQMBgMHA4vKKigkwml5SUkEgkDAbj6uq6d+9eQ0PDIabJORzO8ePHDx8+XFhY+N0H0Gi0ZcuWubi4DP3paDTajBkz+g9FjDU0Gk1TU1NTU3OyoTBhEUERTKFQRD5gjsPhZs+evW7dOhcXF9C4OyEhAQCAQ4cOGRkZAQBw/PhxPT29adOm9Y26j5KGhoaNGzdGRESM4LkIBCI3N1dUUaLt7e0bN248efLkf+3yUSAQXL16FZRC9odOp0+bNu3WrVu/ZFWDoVAo4eHhNjY2ampqW7dunTFjBgAAs2bNWr169eHDhy9fvuzk5HTq1ClDQ0NbW1tPT09/f/8bN25YW1ubm5sbGBgcOXJESkpqzpw5AAAAADB79mxpaWkLC4uXL18KP8FjYWFx6tSp3t5eJBJ59uzZnp6etra2kpISYb6E3759+/PPP9ls9pcvXxQVFYcoHeh0+qVLl6SlpV++fPkvmHmd4AQFBZ09e9bBwSEzM7O3t/fKlSvS0tJgmVVRUSEtLQ3eDpKcnLxlyxZQL+vn57dq1SqwZBy31ba2tqakpNy6devs2bOnTp2ysrK6detWREQEEon8qR6grq6OSCTW1taWlpbi8fj+FXBNTU1qampUVFRmZuZPtxa7uroyMjIKCwt/yegbFosVxqdCJHA4nODgYFBJcufOnW/fvoFWHn0PIJFIT548MTExMTExefr06Yi3+3Nzc6dOnRoREUGlUmk0GpFIzMvLQ6FQKBQKBoMRicSamhoMBgOBQOBweGlpKQwGo9FobDa7rKwsMzMT7BPDYLCqqqq6ujoSiYTD4XA4XGpqKvjfxGQyEQgEHo/HYDBFRUV1dXUNDQ0EAuHatWvbt283MjL6USnc3d399OlTDQ0NOzu7wQb8Bw4cUFRU/GkT6tOnTwAAjHPGJ58yoZYuAAAgAElEQVTPt7Ozm5QIT1hEUASnpKRs2bJFtPHZeDx+0aJFYH6YsbHxypUrg4ODZ82a9fnz56SkJAAASkpK8vLyZs6cGRsbK5J39PLykpaWHsEsBY/Hw2KxIjz9IBCI48ePC1nci6ryniBER0cPltWy2exZs2b9Wr01iUR69+6dvb3933//DdavixYtkpaWNjExcXd3T0pKSktLQ6FQPB6PwWBwudzq6moymVxfX9/d3d3c3MzhcFpbW1tbWzkcDo1GQyAQOTk5MTExDx48MDU1lZKSAgBgypQpS5cuNTMzi4yM/OkmwO3bt0GXtISEBFB2BofDhbRpa2ho+Pvvv+Pj4+/fv6+jo/PTx2dlZVlYWBgZGT158kRIh6NJhkttba2pqemdO3d8fX17e3urqqq2bt3aJ80yNjY+d+5c34NZLNb69evfvn3bd8uqVasAAFBQUOgboRs7aDRacHCwnp6ekZGRv78/Eokc4igkEAi6urr4fD6Px6utrc3KynJ3d//48WN2djZo6dD3yM7Ozri4OHNz86dPnwpjes3lcsH0jV/VLOjs7BwfxdqHDx90dXVdXV2Li4t/2ujFYDCBgYFmZmYuLi5paWnDFSjz+fydO3fu3r27urq6oaGBTCbn5uaWl5ezWCxQB4zFYlEoFBwOx+FwYCuXQCBQKBQIBFJYWEgkEkFHCDKZTKVSYTAYqJ3AYDA4HK66uhqFQuXl5VVUVHA4HBaLVV1dXVtbi8fjKyoqMBiMu7u7lJTUiRMnPnz48N3lcblc0PK5/+XH27dv58+fL4yPhIODw9q1a3/JFmtgYKC4uPikGeUERARFsI+Pz+HDh0f/Ov3B4XALFiy4e/dub2+vkZHRn3/++ejRo5kzZyYmJoKBhygUKjExccaMGUNrgISkpqZm7dq1I0vmrKurE22Ge3FxcUxMjDAar7i4OFVV1T5t6L+Ar1+/flf2oKCgICMj80s0wXl5ecbGxgsWLAAAYNq0aaAaJyQkBI1G19TU1NTUEInE6upqEolEpVKpVCqTycTj8SQSiUAgkEgkMplMp9Nra2vpdHpjYyObzcbj8aDkDofDMZnMqqoqGo1WXFz86tUrWVlZsK+8ffv2gICAIS7J7t+/b2Bg0NvbGxgYCNa+6enpQwwYDcDV1fXEiROXLl0yMzMT8imFhYUHDhyQl5fPysoS8imTCE94ePi1a9fs7e3Bs7uFhYWtrS141/v37xUVFWtqasB/8vl8NTW1/j+T6OhoGRmZzMzMBw8erFixok9BIXJYLBao9PXy8vpu1HBbWxsUCg0NDb1z505cXFxQUFBcXJyLi8vt27ddXFy8vb1fv35dVlY2oDKrra398uWLn59fVFSUkJZY7e3tLi4uv8rUr62tTSTKt5/C5/M9PDxOnz493GDnpqamjIwMX19fJycnHx+f/Px84Z8bFxc3ZcoUOzu7uro6NpvNZrNramqQSCSJRCoqKgL1DGCfGHRGA4Mz6urqKBQKBoNhMpk0Gg0Gg4G3YLHYmpoasAHMYDAYDAaBQKioqACTNYhEIofDASUTFRUVXC4XgUDcuHFDQUFBVVU1ICDguy6WDAaj7ysEgUAWLFggTFRbV1eXjo6OyGsV4fn8+fOmTZvs7OzG58sziZCMtgju6urS1NT09PQUyWr6IBKJS5YsWbJkiZmZ2cyZMy9duhQbGwsAwLt37169egUAABwOT0lJAQBgQH7syHjy5MnatWv7TjPDoqurS7Q7xUVFRULOOJuYmAAAoKysLEJFWkdHB41Go9PpFRUVTCZz3CadQdBotKen5+DGUkBAwLRp08bTvauhoeH169eqqqrTp0+fPn36/v37b9269fHjRwqFwuVy29vbCQQCaA9EpVLZbDaJRIJCoQgEAoPBlJeX43C4oqIicNePRqOxWCywNQL6B2EwGHCjEBTS9ZXCBAIhNTXVy8tLWVl5ypQpW7duDQ4O/q7vuouLi4GBQVNTk7OzM41Ga25uxuPxwsvZiUTi+vXrFyxYEBwcLPzfpKOjIyws7MiRIxYWFnA4/L8m1xk76uvrTU1NjY2NwQNpQUHBxo0bwal/JpMpKSnZv9rz9PTU0tLq60Hi8fg///yzrxcQHx8/e/bs06dPP3jwQLSb9XFxcWFhYenp6QOOCfX19bm5uc+fP798+bKVlZW1tfW5c+fu37+fk5NTUlICFj11dXWD98qamprgcHhGRkZwcHB6evqwVhsbGyukY8BYUFxcPA4Sz6qqKjMzMx8fn9H80Jqbm2NiYrS0tIyNjcPCwoQ8x509exYAgJCQkJaWFi6XW1ZWBoVCGQwGWMvW1dWxWCw0Go1EIikUSlVVFRgcSCAQiouLwVvweDyNRquvryeTyXA4HKyG4XA4l8utqqoqKSlBo9FEIhFUHldXV1dUVMBgMLAUptPpJBIpPDx8165du3btSkhI+NE6GQyGmJiYhYWFMB+qrq5u9erVv1ZWR6VS1dXVz5w5I6pBxklGz2iLYA6Hs2HDhpEZ6w4BFotdt27dgQMHTp065ezs3NjYiEajrays4HA4BoOxt7dnMplkMtnX1xeHw43+7ZSUlEC31F8OlUolEAhC7rKRSCRtbW1ZWVlRJSGVl5draGisXLlyzZo1YmJiq1ev3rdvX3h4+LiNffD5/Hv37g2OvCoqKgIAAFTBjjUCgSAmJkZCQgJU+jo6OsbHx5eXl3M4HBKJhEAgwLDQvnkR8KgNVrRgTYxGo/Py8uBwOB6PRyAQ4OYgFotlMplg2xiNRoNPhMFgGAymuro6Pz+/qKgIrIaxWCybzX737t2hQ4cAAJCUlBw8PW1jY3P8+PHs7OwTJ050dXUxGIyGhoZhfUx5eXkAAJBI5HD/Pjwez8/P78SJE/3fkc/np6SkpKamghah4xyg8E8nIiJCS0vLwsKCyWT29PQcPXr00aNHvb29PT09/4+9M4+Hqn3/+EGWZG+xpDxSSCLZskYhJZUSyhKloqRNi60Svi1osSQt6kmllKQIZR/bWGczxm6YYWxZss4w8/vjfv3m5dXisUzoeeb9V01nzrmRM9e57s/1+RgZGR09epR+5Nu3bzdu3EgfVRwcHDQwMDh37hz9gJycnPnz5wsICFhZWa1bt+7y5cvT9yQB/4dzc3PHbk309fXV1dUlJSUFBQWdPXs2ICAgPz+f7pI7PuXl5YWFhampqRkZGeXl5ZPVdFVUVFy4cGFWbIABw8PDv1sIUVpaunv3bmASMn36+/s/fPjg7e0NRnL/ceuyvb3d2NgY+OmSSCQMBlNSUtLV1UUkEmEwGBBCgHsXKHMRCASJRMLhcPn5+Xg8vrm5ubi4uKioqLKyEg6Hw+FwAoFQUVEBZuaQSGR6ejoSiWxra8NgMHA4vLi4OCcnp6ioqKGhAeyVoVCotra2mpqakJAQNTU1S0vLH8v3rq4udXX1nTt3TlCLWFBQICAg8CuhxYzR399/9OhRDQ0NRo0zMZkm0y2CExMTxcTEGO5Ng0Ag+Pn5o6Kivnv9d3y4vnv3TlJScuJbyb+V7u7uSe2V9Pb2ZmZmFhUVTbMbPTw8HBwcLCAgAEGQuLi4ubm5mpqamJgYGN7auXPn1Nrkk4VKpZ49e/bHEeDR0VFTU1M2NjYkEvlbF5CcnGxkZARB0Jo1a9zc3HJycjo6OpqamjAYTF1dXWNjY2lpaUFBARh/RqFQaDS6sbERi8XW1tb29PQgkUjQBkYgEKBQRiKRCASipKSkqakJ9EJIJBKBQABem0AfDEawkUgkCoUqKyvDYDD19fWtra2FhYWxsbHm5uZ//fXXrl27xv4XdXV13blz56lTp8LCwmg02gTTbsdy/fr1efPmTdlsv7Ozc+wV3d3dFy9erKiouHDhws2bN0/tnP9NRkZGTpw4sXfvXmD8nJiYKCUlBR4wXr9+vWTJEvojbn19vaSk5NgnovPnzxsYGNA7hbW1tZKSkpycnEAZ/PnzZz4+PhcXlym75/b09GRmZoLJJ/AKhULp6+sDu9igapm4TLytrS07O/vevXsREREFBQVTq85HR0dDQkKmkEtPoVAQCAQKhcrOzi4sLBwYGPj8+fNkP7moVOoMiLLS0tJ27949vnHY1CASie7u7qamprdv3/5xvGwsAwMDlpaWEAQdOnQIg8EAbQNw/83KyqqqqgLRGJWVlUgkMjk5ubi4uLa2Fo/HV1dX19fXFxcXv3//vrCwEGiIcThcTU1NZmZmZmYmBoPBYDCVlZU1NTWVlZXJyckwGAzcQvF4PAaDQaPRwE2ipaWFRCIVFRXp6OhoaWmNvVl1d3dbWlpqa2tP/Fno5s2bHBwcc8QB/erVq5aWlsxmwVxgukWwj4/PmjVrGF4hEYlELy+vyQqhpkBvb6+qqqqrq+vvvtDvY2RkpLy8fDq/201NTXv27OHl5b148eKTJ0+SkpLAtlRmZqaXl5eGhgYEQerq6uObkDOKsLCwn6pOEQjE/Pnz1dXVGR6SBKiurgbGI0uWLLl+/TqBQBgaGmprawN3eVAE19fXAw0caO7W1tbicDgcDgf+QCAQgNoB3PHr6+uBNKKwsDAzMxOYaIJGMoFAIJFIDQ0NbW1t5eXlMBgMCIjLysry8/OLi4sxGAyQowAnzqioKGNjY2lpaU9PT1COuLq6KigobN68GYj2prDxXVJSMm/ePIb0Rbq7u/n5+U+ePInFYqWlpWVlZf9rFtfTITs7W0tLy9bW9uvXrxQKxcjICMRZ9fT0rF27FsxF0Gi04eFhCwuLwMBA+hujo6OXL19OF9E2NjauXr0agiB6aCUOh5OQkIAgaN26dTY2NpMKM6JQKN3d3QMDA3TLQpBOjEKhent7Jz4GTSKRMjIy/P39z507d//+/ejo6Ozs7Ok8sXd2dkZHR09BVdnX16eiosLPz8/Dw8PFxaWjo8PFxcXFxTWpbUwQNfL7xkPJZPLNmzcPHDjwWz2P6+vrw8LCrK2tT506BYfDf1WKkcnkq1evsrOzCwkJ3bp1C3RnCQQCeM6vrKzMycmBw+FNTU0lJSVwOBxYNScmJsLh8IaGBiwWi8FgysvL8/Pzc3JyqqqqgAaspaWloaEBiUSCZA0sFovH41taWiorK/Py8tLS0qqqqpBIJJi3Ky8vB6kcu3btOnToELixEIlENTW1LVu2TOrpbsuWLfLy8gw0a58mLS0tzCJ4LjDdInjnzp3btm37c3+WHz58WLBgAaPkBLPF0NDQlG0isrOzdXV1Dx8+/KPF7MjISG5ubnJy8tatW1lZWbm4uBQVFU1MTHbu3Hn16tUp7KRPhLi4uF+N0N69excMjTG8bf/06VMRERFBQcEzZ87k5uZ2dXUBLWN7e3tDQ0NpaWlnZyeoaMFQCBwORyKRpaWl+fn5FRUVjY2NYHAEh8ORSKTm5mYikQiOBx8M1dXVpaWloIucm5uLx+M7OjpAe7i9vR18oqDR6LS0tIaGBiAaphsJgVkTEon07Nmz5cuXgzlIINoDKdM4HG4K886Dg4N6enoTH4wbh4qKCg4ODuBt5+jouHr16j/3hjDzODk5QRAEFK6PHz/euXMn+O65ubmZmprS+46+vr7W1tb0d+Xl5YmKitKlwAQCYdOmTRAE0ccz2tvbVVRUhIWFV6xYERwc7OrqKi4ufvLkyQnuHXd1ddG3a9FodE9PD/DAmcjbW1pakpKSrl+/fvbs2UuXLl25ciUyMhKFQjFEwNDc3DyOSHQc+vr6FBQUdu3ahcViFyxYoK+vX1xczMXFNUFFKYBKpYKHgSks4B/p6Og4c+ZMcHDwzFjd9fT0vHjx4tixYwcOHHj27Nmv9FRFRUXbt29nYWFRUFDw8vLKyclpbGyEwWAYDAaHw8Hh8NraWjDam5mZicfjUSgUuMXV19fn5+cjkcjGxsaKigpQQNfV1aFQqJaWlo6OjsrKyq9fv7a2ttbU1FRVVYF4jsLCQhKJBE4INOUlJSXV1dVAN0yj0fLz82VlZXfu3DkpQ6qenh4hISGG3O5+ByMjI6GhoQ4ODgEBAX5+fnOkXf0fYVpF8MjIiJyc3ERcluYsNjY2Z86cme1VzA7FxcVhYWEXLlxITEz81TGjo6Pfvn2Dw+Hx8fHW1tYrVqzg5uYGVgn8/PxmZmZT+0Aah6qqqiNHjvxqMcePH4cgSF5evqysjCGXAxmeEAQpKSnl5OSAmQ9QsCIQCGDuU1xcDGaZ6+rqKioq0Gh0Xl5eSUkJkP+CWRAsFltUVEQkEsHIc3NzMwaDIRAIjY2NQEkMVMKga4JEIoG4AhTNNTU1GAwGi8WCYbuGhgbQKamuriYSiUgkEo1Go1CowcHBrKwsDAZDo9EMDAyEhIQQCAT45Jha0RkaGqqqqjr9grW9vX3hwoU2NjYwGExSUlJZWXmaJ/xP4enpqaSkRKPRSCSShoYG+I+NwWBWr15N78KmpqZu27aN/qjT2dkpKyt7+fJl8NfR0dEDBw6wsrLSW2Xd3d2mpqZqamp6enoJCQngsHfv3kEQpKKikpKSMvF8ltHR0by8vJ9OZ9IZHh6mUqnNzc3x8fHe3t52dna2trZ+fn5JSUnjDwCNjIxMtivc1dXl7+9fVFQ02Wbwt2/fFBQUgH5aTk7Ow8ODRqMtXLhwjmwD9vT0nD179uXLlzN8XSqVmpSUZGtra2lpee3atXfv3tETCscSGxu7fv16FhaWpUuXuru7JycnYzCYzs5OIBVrbGxEIBBlZWV4PL61tRXcJxsaGsCYBJFIJBAI9K2t0tLShoaGr1+/trS0EAgE4DEMKmM8Hl/x/yAQiNLSUnBXBFHMbW1toaGhAgIC1tbWk/1vk5uby8bG9vjxYwZ92xiMn58fBEErVqxgYWGBIIjpKDyTTKsI7uzslJOT8/f3Z9RqZpjq6moVFZXf1NGc+7S2tlZWVk5c4kahUHJzc3V1dZ89exYcHHzp0iUNDY358+e7u7szcFXDw8P29va/2g0cGhoC9wsBAYGxPqlTA4PBKCoqQhB09erVqqqqtrY2FAoFTODLy8vBfAbwygCzHVVVVYWFhSgUqrW1FYvFlpSUFBUVZWVlgSAlUKpWVlYiEAgwBkckEsFoCJD5gmkSMBGPQqFA/QoG7IAcgkgkAgkd0E4gkUgsFltQUEAfowYivK6uLhkZmf3795NIpKSkpCl/+UQiUUVFZVK75L8iIiJiwYIFUlJS/Pz8mpqa0z/hf4eWlhYrKysUCuXl5UW3RTM1NaX3dJuampSUlOg/6MHBQRMTEycnJ/oZgoKCJCQktm/fDux1R0dHraysZGVlVVVVx1pHnTt3bt26dfLy8iwsLMrKyn5+ftPfGsbhcGCUE0jeExIScDjcP5anHR0d9fX1GAwmKiqqsrJyshft6+uLi4v79OnTpCqh7u5uWVlZNze30dFRKSmpU6dODQ0NLVq0yMfHZ7ILYDgIBMLGxoZRnvdTo7GxMSYmxt/f39XV9eTJk35+fi9evAB+OCAlLj4+3sHBAUyJsLKyamhonDlzpqioCMQgk8nk5uZmFAoFPHNwOFxLSwswlAADwYWFhXV1daAvANQOQB3R2NgIhiKAWzCYrG1ubu7t7QXhGj09PdnZ2d7e3hs3bpSRkZlaIXv79m1OTk6GjNEznG/fvq1cuVJfX39kZMTd3Z2Dg+M/W5PMCtMqgsvKypYtWzbzD6+MwsfHZ//+/bO9ij+Jjo4OQ0ND0Izs6uqqq6t79OiRkpLSsWPHfow7njJ37tx5//79OAc8ffp0/vz57OzswcHBUzZxQ6FQUlJSPDw8//vf/zo6OvB4PGi+YrFYULCi0ej8/HxQDTc0NOBwOCwWC54cQBM3Ozsbi8VWV1fn5uZWVFSAmXeQIwUGREC3GJTClZWVKBQKgUA0NDQAnRxQxWEwmNra2srKytLS0sbGxubmZqAwBlrhkpISUCtXVlaCeC0ikfj8+XNxcfGHDx+2trZOUxlibGxMbyhOk9TU1JycHBsbG2lpaYac8L/D+/fvzczMZGRkgPFWdHT0hg0b6H3f48ePj82DvXz5spqaGl3+FBMTIygoKC8vTx8n9fb2XrNmzXeON5GRkTIyMteuXdPQ0IiNjQ0KClq5cqWZmdlk5a1UKrW/v59KpdbX17e1tbW0tIBZ3ok8SxMIhI8fP2ZlZT148CAjI4NEIrW2tk55zuzJkyeTGpMF+h93d3cymbxq1SovLy8ymSwjI/P7bJUnSGpqqrW1dXJy8uwug05vb295eXlUVJSfn5+Tk9PJkyevXLly4sQJsGvq6up66dIlGxsbIDfn4eHR19f38PB4/vx5QkIC2Oyqqalpampqa2v79u1bdXV1cXExuAFisVgikUgikQoKCkD2MmgfANP0iooKEokE9uJaWlrIZHJ1dfWTJ09Onz4N3IpcXFymHA1obm6uqKg4K07z/wiJRBISEgJpOHfv3uXg4GDUPieTiTCtIjguLo6bm3tm5qUYTnd3t7q6OkNshv879Pb26urqfpdMVllZeevWLXNzc/rG6zSJjY0FuVnjAIPB1NTUpjyxl5iYKCgoKCIikpqaCjIvgJ9DU1NTbW0tmOcAil4kEllWVlZSUoJGo1tbW7u6uoASDnSIQQMjNTU1OzsbhULV1NSAuzmRSATFbkNDA5DBgS1CcAACgSguLkYikTU1NSUlJTAYrL6+HrgIA/lEXl4emMUuKysDTsPl5eXgol+/fnV0dBQXFw8PD5++EayXl5eBgQEDzdvt7e1Xr17NqLP9d2hpaXFwcPDy8kKhUFpaWnQ9bkhIiImJCf0HFBcXp6amRv+5V1dXCwgIsLKy0vvEUVFRK1euXLdu3di6+dmzZ9zc3OfPnzc2NqbvtPb09MjIyIw1XJsIVCo1Ozu7u7u7t7d3gtJVMplcXFzs7+/v7++fkJDQ3d1NJpOLioqmE9xFoVAyMjL+MVd5LFQqtaamhkAgUKlUDAbT3NxMpVLRaPTM+N78lKGhoUuXLjk6Os4Rb6JJ0dbWlpeXd/v2bQMDg8WLF8+bN4+FhUVCQkJLS2vv3r0nT568c+dOfHz8x48fMzIywFQcCoVqamrC4/FgMri/v7+xsTE3N7eoqCgjIyM5OfnTp0/v37/38PDYtGmTqqqqpKTkqlWrNDU1w8LCpjO309bWJigo+NMYprnA8PCwvr4+Ly/vw4cP169fz8PDA9pMTGaGaRXBjx49Wrx48fhysTlLUlKSnJzcrMfAlpSU3L17Nzg4+OTJk1FRUeHh4c7OzvT57rnG8PCwoaHhx48ff/ynkpISV1fXnJyc6UeH1NfXA3Po8Q/r6ekJCAiQkJDg5OQ8fPjwxG8ctbW1IiIiMjIySUlJg4ODjY2NRCIRVLcNDQ21tbUNDQ1oNBqDwSCRyM+fPxcWFoIpZnpLGIlEEgiEtra2goICFAqFQqHy8/MLCwtBIxk4BIP9PuAU0draCqx8q6qqwOh0Q0MDCoWqqqoCPmvAYBiHw6HRaHpYCWiQgLNVVFQA9zQUCqWmpqaqqtre3j79xkZycjIfH98UtqR/RXFx8RTsq5jQaDQSieTs7Kynp7du3TrwSlFRkaKiIr0tVF1draCgQFfw9/b26uvrQxBEt4z4/PmzvLz8jh07Dh06RP+/kZmZKSwsfPHiRSMjowcPHtAvl5aWJiMjo6amJisra2trO/EnWAqFMkEd+bdv35KSkkBWHD3v4/Pnz//73/8ePXo0qeL7O0AQw5TfPhfIzc09ceKEn5/f9FN8SSRSbm7uLOaQ9ff3Aw8QOzs7JSUlERERMDcCQRAfH5+wsPCyZcs0NDQ2bdqkr6+/ffv2ffv2WVpa7tmzZ/PmzWvWrFFWVl63bt2CBQuANbukpOTGjRudnZ2Dg4N/HNeeApmZmRAEzYVe+9DQUFlZ2bt37767dZeUlGhpaS1dunTVqlWCgoK/2wmUyVimXgRTqdRDhw6pqKgwcDUzia2t7Vi/odni0aNHEARJSkrOnz8fjGcJCQmJiIj8dDphOpDJ5OjoaH9/fyAcnDLnz5//1feNSCT6+PgwZCvn2rVrE7Quam5uPn/+vICAABcX17lz5/5R9dXc3KympiYjIwPMd4DAF7SIWltbS0tLq6urgWMlDocrKCjIyckBe3YYDCYvLw+4wQPnMiQSCdTDIO8NgUDk5eWBIAygjgCpGaDABa7ApaWlJSUlID40Pz8/NzcX7BvW1dXV1NTk5uaCWTcSiQT8IkCeHBBUlJWV4XC48PBwCIIePnw4/W8yjUarr6/n5eUNCAhgyNmYTJ/GxkZ7e3snJ6cvX76YmprSn4cHBgb27dt38+ZN8Fcw+gZBEF1G3NjYqKqqqq6ubmxsTK8vUSiUmJjYoUOHzMzMQAAHAAaDiYiIBAYGPnz4cM2aNaamppKSkgYGBoy67QwMDBQUFNy5c8fT05PuR1tVVeXp6enr6zv9qxCJxEm1gecUfX19t2/fPnjwIKPiEp4+fbpy5cpZbGmPZXBwsL29HYi4kpOTw8PDPT09nZycbGxszMzMNm3apKWltX79+vXr1ysqKqqrqxsYGDg7O1+7di08PDw9PR083jDWyOzo0aP8/PyMDVCcOO3t7bm5uS9evDh58qSJiYmenp6jo+OPbk6Dg4Otra1BQUEsLCylpaWzstT/JlMvgkdGRoyMjHbu3MnA1cwYGAxGWVn5x2SymefJkyfz58/Py8u7c+cOBEEpKSlv374Ff2DshcLDw8Hk6aQsgX7k/v37Fy5cYNSqfkVZWdnRo0cnfiusqKg4d+6cgIAALy+vmZnZly9fftqs6ujo0NbWFhYWzs/PB/lGdXV1YGAZmDAQCITOzk7gdwZM3RsbG8vLy7Ozs0tKSvLz80GVXFFRAYx7qqqqqqqqQAlbVlZWUVEBxukyMjLQaHRNTQ1oG5eVlZWVlaHR6Obm5qamJjAVBIfD8/LyCARCfX09HA4H2gn6dEhxcXF+fj6BQGhubq6urmWurtYAACAASURBVC4oKABmatLS0uvWrZtsPtyvGB0d3bVrl4yMDEPOxoQhdHd3W1lZCQoKysnJ0V88e/aspaUl+DOVSrWzswMpNsDnoampSVNTU0NDY+PGjXR1UHt7++rVq83Nzffu3evi4kL/jaioqBAVFX3w4EFqaqqioiIoUnE4nLm5uYiIyDheMROkpqbm06dPiYmJdE80Mpmck5MTFhZWVFQ0zZP/6cDhcGtray8vrymbWtJotJiYGAcHh/Dw8KtXr2Kx2KSkJBMTk+l3lP+VDA4OysnJ6enpzaRvY29vb0FBQWBgoJmZ2caNG7W1tR0cHB49egSDwcbfAImJiVFQUJibA3z/VqZeBFMoFENDQ8Y6A8wYfn5+27dvn+1V0Gg02uPHj5csWVJVVXXv3j0Igj5//vz69Ws2NjaGm6QcO3YMTPVaWlpOx+fy4cOHv7IwYyAUCuXo0aOTfRKoqalxdXUVFBQEacOPHz8GaZ/0A/Ly8iQlJe/evdvS0gK6uXA4vLS0FASB1tfXg4G22tpaMOOMQCBqamqABURZWRmodGEwGOgBV1VVNTQ0gPEOIpFYU1NTWloKtLz0Ibaqqqq8vDw4HF5dXQ0ykBobG2tra2tqahobG+vr60tKSoA+GJhCtLa2ZmRkAA81DAYDckSRSGR5eTmJRLp16xbD9/Xu3r3Lz8/PnEeea8DhcDU1tYCAgNHR0aioqKVLl9KVoz4+PiACAySngFsxBEErV64c2zk2NTVVUlKyt7e3tbWlb782NTUpKysfO3YsOztbSkpqbCyZm5sbGxubqKhoYGDg1KxqKRRKQ0PDmzdv6Alz4MWioqLy8vLpC6X+aLKysnx9fQ8cODDNBkdqaur8+fMlJSWFhIRAuyQ0NPSvv/5i1IPxv4zi4uJ58+b945DJ9Onr68vOzr579+65c+e2b9+uqalpY2Pzv//9Lzs7e+IPPFQqdWRk5Lt6HcQ0/oYlM6HRplMEf/v2TU5ObtZHa6fA0NDQli1bgDv9rHP//n0eHp6Kiorbt29DEJSVlRUVFQWqYcZe6OTJkxISErq6uo8ePaLnrE6BL1++HD58eAYiwdLT011cXKYgdGtsbAwJCTEwMACitLVr1x46dCg5OXloaAhIbIeGhsCocmVlJQaDAfbvOByuuLgYgUCAcArg5oNCocrLy0EIHBhnRqFQMBgMh8M1NjbC4XBgHwG83AkEAjB5AD7BKBQKqCOACybo/oKWcHNzMx6PByYSYFoOGG0iEAggpcDj8bW1tWCErrm5eWhoqLOz88aNGwsWLGC4rWlWVhYfH9+LFy8Ye1om06eoqGjlypUSEhK8vLx0Q8CnT59CECQjIwNEBVQq1dnZGYKgefPm0bMzRkdHDx06pKmp6eLioq2tTY8V6OzsXLNmjbW1NQwGW7FiRUxMDP1abm5u4uLitbW1hw4dgiBIU1Nzskrx7u5uNBpdVlY21hu4u7sbiUT29/dP557zpxMXF2dnZ+fi4pKdnT1xh+ZfYW1tvXz58vb29ri4OAiCUlNTg4ODxcXFmUXwT7l16xYLC8tvUtl2dHSAwtfMzAxIO/bt2/fgwQMUCsVAzfrAwMCUbTGY/CNTL4JbW1uFhIR+R7757waHw2lqas6RlDgw7l1dXf3ly5e1a9diMJhPnz6tW7eO4ZHRHz9+DAoKio+PJ5FI09kYampqcnJymhmvmStXrky8OLt+/XpQUBD9r2QyGYFA+Pj4yMrKgmpYUVHx2LFj6enpIPgNdGRBPBsYawP94JqaGjweD9QOINy4pqYGRLgBix/gBwyDweBwOAqFAhNsQFX89etXkIoEh8NhMBhQRNTW1oLjq6qqgF6ivLwchUIBK82mpiYwPAd81pqamoDJfElJCTi4u7u7vLz82LFjLCwsGzZsGNtjYwj9/f38/PxjfWeZzB3q6uquXbsmIiICfGwyMjJ4eXnZ2NjoogUgo4IgaKwdhIuLi4KCAhiGo/eP+/v7t23bZmJikpubKy8vP1ZWHhAQICkpicViX79+raOjk5iYePr0aTk5uZKSkokvtaWlpbm5+bsXR0dH505Q7QyDQCAePXrk4eHh4eGRmprKqO34rVu3AhUiEolkY2PLyMgICAhYsWIFUw7xUzZs2KCjo8NALQSBQEhMTPT19T148KCpqamBgYG1tXVoaGh6evqsz9kzmQJTL4JxOBw3Nzd95vcP4sGDB46OjuP3Mu/evbt79+4ZsOsjk8m9vb1gEwQ0CYaHh4ETJ2MvVF1dDYPB8vPzp9mKGBwc3L9//6RC26cMiUQ6dOgQyOP9RyIiIh4+fPjj921wcDAvL8/f39/Y2JidnZ2NjU1SUtLExMTb2zsxMREIcAsKCoAEAovFghQM0KNtaWkBwcXt7e21tbUFBQWgm5ucnIxAIGpra0tLS4H9GYFAAHpiEokEbH2Bw0N5eTm9hq6vrwdKCWAuAUpw4AoMHCFA0AYKhSorKwNZzXg8/tOnT7q6uhAEmZqa/qbZFw0NDSMjoxno7jOZGq9fv165cuXZs2fFxMR4eXnp1uxxcXFgpv7UqVP0Hx8wAw4ODlZQUCgsLKSfxMrKSllZmUAgqKqqjrUQjoiI4OHhKS4uzsjIUFZWppt7aGtri4qKMt2aJguZTE5NTT1+/LiNjU1YWBjD7c9cXFwWLFjw5s0boAtPT0+/efOmlJQUswL7ESwWy8rKOnYkdGp0dHS8f//e19d3z54969evNzIycnNze/r0aXV19cxkXDP5fUy9CIbBYPPnz8/OzmbgamaGffv23bt3b5wD+vv7ly9fDkEQfRb7T2doaKioqOjTp08MkRaZm5vTJ75/N5WVlXv27JlIR8rLy8vHx2ecXVcKhYJCoZ48eXLw4EFpaWl+fv4lS5aYmJi4uLjcvHnz2bNnBQUFYC6turoaCCQwGAwajQbWEGA6LScnB4iGQTcX+Dng8fj29nY4HA6KWiwWS/h/sFgsOCHoH2MwmMrKyvz8fGCgBqrwlpaW2tpaMFKNQCCqq6s7OjoaGxsTEhKcnJzmzZsHTAB+X/fd399fRkaG4T1mJgzky5cvPj4+FhYWmzZtAq+UlJQsXboUgiA9PT367/WjR49WrVrl6+u7cePGsVaG3t7e4uLicDjc1NTU0dGR/msSFRUlIiKSkZHx+vVrdXV1+mP/s2fPxMXFNTQ0ODk5bWxsmKXwRMjKyrp27dr58+fd3NyA/up3XKWmpkZFRUVUVFRKSoqbmzs/P//u3bvMIvinnD9/noODYwpBTlQqFYfDxcfHu7u779mzx8TExMLC4vTp0w8fPkQgENMZamQy15h6EZydnc3NzQ2DwRi4mhkAi8UqKCig0ehxjklISGBlZRUWFp7aV1dZWRkSEjJ97RcD6evrS0lJgcFgDNmadHFx+S4v47eSnJw8kWA/ExMTLS2tCWqIBwcHMzIyPDw8xMXFwW4yOzu7mpratm3bTE1NXVxc8vLygDsvkUgEkbCVlZV4PL60tLS8vByPx5eVlWVnZ9fU1AAT+IKCAgQCAXTDQM4LJuGIRGJdXR2YfgN+w42NjWVlZWBarqqqCo1Gg0CNtra2zs7OgYEBJBIZHh6+a9cuUVFRCILWr18/nWzkiRATE8PDwzMXzFKYjA+RSNy0aZODg4Ofn5+kpCQEQaqqqvQf3Js3bxYtWnT69GkdHZ2///6b/i5fX19+fn4EAuHh4aGrq0vX7MbHxwsLC799+/bt27cGBgb0u2JycjIPD8+FCxesrKwcHByOHDkiLS09u6G+c5m6urqnT5+ePn36+PHjERERIPbvt9LT04NGo1NTU7m4uOLi4qytrZcuXcosgr+DQCAsWbJEW1t7gscPDAyUl5dHRES4urpaWVkZGhpu3br14sWL0dHRDHcsZTJ3mHoRnJubO3/+fEbJIchk8o0bN6Kjo6d5nqqqqvEtSK5cubJ9+/ZxxAbDw8MvX768cOHClL36wOb1nHI5aW5urqqqYtTz65UrV6Kiohhyqgnyv//9786dO+Pv1+/atWvz5s3/WATX1dVFR0ffvn3bx8fH398/LCwsKysrOTn5+fPn9vb2cnJyYMeZm5tbSkpq165dR48eDQoKSkhI+PDhQ2FhYXt7e3NzMxD+IhCIxsZGMMpWWFiIRqPhcDgSiWxqasJgMFVVVSBbDjj+guYxKKDBgB1QYpSVlQHZ8adPn27evOng4CAjI8PKyrpw4cKtW7c+evRoBj7bkEgkPz8/077qj6C9vd3b21tdXd3b23vr1q1ubm7g9YqKCnFx8dOnT2/YsCE8PJx+/L1797i4uEpKSm7fvr1+/Xr6+NT79+9ZWVlfvHgRHBwsKytL75YhEAhBQcHAwMCzZ886ODiAF1+8eDF//vwJCpP+O3R1dfn5+VlZWd29e7e8vHyGr45AINauXRsaGiooKHjgwIH/uPnGd/T19RkbG0MQ5OvrO/6RWCz277//PnHihLq6uqqq6r59+9zd3WEwWEdHx0y6qjGZLaZeBCckJAgKCo7VnH0HhULBYrFjJ4XHoba2FoIg+k7f1Pj27ZuMjIyFhcWvqqWhoSFDQ8OxPZLvGBkZSUpK+vDhw5T7uO/fv4cgyM7Obk7FlDO2kPL19b18+TIDT/iPUCiU06dPj517+xEzMzM9Pb1ffdtHR0cLCgouXbrk4uJy/fp1BALxqx9xU1NTWlpaSEiIvb29kpISDw8PaBVzcnIqKSnt3bt33759bm5ujx49evPmzadPn7BYbF5eHlD61tbW5ufnYzCYpqamiooKkM4KDICBIBi8DsTEubm5kZGR3t7eVlZW6urq7Ozs4ELa2tqPHj2aSWv3lpaWVatWMSMz/iDAA21CQoKsrOzp06dfvny5evVqW1tbW1vbsfVQVlYWNzd3ZGRkXFycvLw83QivsLBQXFw8NDT09evXq1atys/PB6/n5eVJSEi4uLh4eXlt376d/tickpICLCnoJhVMcnJyLC0tfXx8Zmtyn0KhNDU1dXZ2otFouiXz3Kevrw+0EsD0RXp6ekJCwoMHD/z9/f38/K5du3bhwgVnZ+fz58+fOnXq3Llz169fv3r16vPnz+Pi4uBweFFREQ6H6+zs7Orq+mlbZ3h4+PPnz5qamuLi4ry8vD9K6fr6+uBwOBgNMjExMTY23r9//5UrVxITE5m7Yf9Bpl4Ev3jxQkREZBx70VevXi1ZsmSCLge1tbWsrKxWVlaTWgMcDk9ISKCXvIWFhRAE2djY/OoBDovFamhojLNdBeafpix1x+PxSkpKx48fn1MVMMPx8/M7derUDF/069ev9vb2165d+9UQ9O7du3V0dH76ncdgMJcvXz5+/Pjjx4/pdlETobe3F3gJR0RE+Pj42Nvbq6mprV69WlZWVlpaWk5Ojpube/HixcuWLZOVlV2zZo2WltaWLVsMDAz27NmjoaGhoaEB/mxsbLx27dp169Zpa2tLSkqqqKhoamquXbtWTk5u9erVqqqqlpaWd+7c+fz5MwaDmflJi87OTiUlpTNnzszwdZlMn9zcXHNzcyEhIVdX19OnT2/atIl+98PhcLKysrdu3YLBYMuXL09PTwevYzAYYWHhq1evVlVVrVy5Mi4uDrxeV1cnIiJy5MiR8PBwdXV1PB4PXgcbBTdu3Hjw4AELC4u9vT0D52JHRkZGRkYGBwd7enrq6+szMjLevXv37Nmze/fueXh4HD58+OjRo9bW1oaGhps2bTIyMjIwMNDR0TE2NgYZvNbW1nv27HFycnJycnJ3dw8NDY2IiLhz587Dhw8zMjJaWlra29t7e3v7+/uHh4cZ2NgbHh52cnJiJoSPA4VCGRgY6OnpQaFQr169un79+sGDBzdv3qyoqCgtLS0lJSUoKMjBwQHc61lYWLi4uERFRZcsWfLXX3/Jyclt3Lhx/fr1ixcvnj9/PhsbGysrK/ABZGdnFxISkpeXl5WVXbt2rZ6enomJiYmJycGDB11dXffu3auqqsrCwrJ3796goCBlZWVQHgwMDFRUVDx79szJycnQ0FBJSenAgQO+vr6fPn2a1CcCk38fUy+Co6Ojly9fPs6AVGBgIARBE4yk7+/v19DQOHv27KTWoKSkJCsrS8/PTElJsbS0HEfvGxQUNH7QwwT71j+FTCb7+vo+fvx4ymf4U3j37p29vf3MX7ezs9PW1nbnzp0//RHv2LFDT0/vxz3BiIgIGxsbBtqYjI6O1tXVFRYWFhUVxcTEBAUF3bx588SJE0ePHnV2dj5y5IiZmdnOnTt37Nhhamq6e/fuvXv3mpiY7N+//8iRIy4uLrdv346IiIiPj8/Pz6+urm5vb591WwY8Hi8mJjYDQYBMfhNA5GBgYKChoQGeA+vr66WlpQ8ePIjBYHR1delelvX19X/99deRI0dgMJiKigo9XKOurk5JScnDwyMqKmrLli10NVdJSYmwsLCrq2tPT4+BgYGHh8fmzZsNDAwmZcg1ODjY0NAAh8M/ffoUGRnp5+fn7OxsZWVlZGSkpaWlpaUlKysrICAgJCQEHilFRUUlJCTAc6OCgoKBgcGuXbt0dXU3bNigr6+vr6+vrq5uZGQEXlFRUVFXV5eRkdmwYcOKFSuWLVvGzc3NycnJysrKwcHBxcW1cOFCcXFxBQUFfX393bt3Hzhw4MiRI35+fo8ePUpJScFisVMwF8vOzj569Ohk3/VvZWRkpLa2NiEhAQRlHzx40MjICPw4BAQExMXF5eTklJSUtLW1TU1NT5w44enpeevWrZcvX8bGxiYkJBQUFNTU1LS2tn79+rWrq6u3t3dgYOD169cEAqG7u7u9vb2lpQWPx6PR6LS0tE+fPj169OjmzZunTp1ydHS0tLTU1dXV1tbevHnzpk2btm3b5uLikpGRQaPR7OzsVFRUwsPDHR0d9fT0Nm3aZGNjc/ny5YSEhJlxN2LyRzD1Ivjvv/+WlpYex203KyuLk5PzyZMnEzzho0ePJlgxA8hk8rJly1xcXMCkM4VCiYyMpHc7foqpqenTp08nfomJ09/fj8PhEhMTGasiIpPJkZGRAQEBc0rvVVRUZGhoOCsbcMPDw7GxsVZWVt8ZD7169QqCoB/D8N6+fWtnZ/ebnMV+BZVKpVKpo6Oj9OyfWS9zx6eqqkpISCg4OHi2F8JkWpSUlGhqaqqpqTk7O0tISFhYWNTW1mpqatIjjZqbm9esWWNiYlJaWiojIxMWFgZe//btm5qamrm5eWxsrK6uLr0CJhKJkpKSIK7Z0dHR0dERvK6hoWFqavorQVF3d3dVVdXnz599fX1tbGz09fWVlZVB/2/ZsmVLlixZvHixioqKubn5wYMHT506deXKleDg4Li4OBgMVlpaisPhgMNgb28vmUz+x1210dHR0dHRnp4eMpkMYm7QaHRpaWlmZubr16/DwsJCQ0M9PDxMTU0NDQ1VVFT++uuvRYsWcXFxQRDEwcHBz88vKioqKyu7ZcsWR0fHsLCwxMREEIHe3Nz8qxmDly9f2traTvLn8y9heHi4ubm5rKzs3bt3N27cMDY2XrFihZiYGB8fHw8Pz9KlS3V1dfft23f27NmQkJDY2NjS0lICgTBZhaGZmRk9ALy/v39oaKinp6exsbG4uPhXb6EfHxsbe+zYMUlJSWlpaeCGmZWVNcOfAkz+FKZeBEdGRi5fvnwc85Hh4WE/Pz/g8T4RMjMz3759O/EiEoFAWFhY0MfghoeHv3z5Ms4zPZFI1NLS+k1eP2Qy+XcMML1+/RroROeUEXpVVZW6ujrD/S8nzsuXL+3s7MZG8sBgsMuXL/+4L3H8+PFphpT+F8Bisdzc3Mzx/38Bvb290dHRbm5uvr6+AwMDXl5e4uLioI5saWlZu3atoaFhZmamjIwM3Sayr69v8+bNlpaWX758UVZWBl00Go1GIpEUFRUtLCxGR0e9vLy2bdsGztPW1qasrMzBwaGoqBgbGwsKlL6+vqysrAsXLuzevVtVVXXFihWrV6/eunXriRMnAgMDnz9/npqaWlxcXFlZ2dHRMesOU1+/fq2rq4PBYPHx8REREVevXj1w4ABwA5CXlwf94wULFkhISKiqqhoZGe3fvz84OBjk3YDdwt7e3qNHj86p6ecp09fX94+uQWQyubS0NCgoyM7OTlVVdfny5ezs7KysrIsXLzYxMbl06dKTJ09ycnIIBAKjHvhPnDixbds2EEr/5s2bz58/JyYmZmdnj/O5k5+fn5+fX1paevDgwZs3b8bHx8+pz00mc5OpF8FPnjwRFhYe32sMj8eP89z2HWg0+suXLxNfQFdX19iBXDKZPP5vclRU1NatWyd+/lmHQqHs3LkTgqAVK1bM+sfGWIhEoqam5pTdMxjC27dvjx49+o+F+LFjx35TYOa/iS9fvrCyshYUFMz2QpgwmMLCQmVlZRUVlZMnT0pJSW3btq2qqkpfX9/Pzw8cQKFQ9uzZs2HDhszMTB0dHbq1cEdHh56enrm5OY1GCwoK2rJlC7CRJpFI8vLy+vr6GAzG3d1dXl5eUFBQRERk4cKFIiIiampqtra2jx49Kisr6+rq+rOikkH/pbe3t7GxMTc399WrVzdv3rS2tlZRUVm6dKmgoCAvL++8efOWLFmyZcsWYM0hIyOTkZHxZ32ZNBrt69evYw3j8/Pzfzrb19vbC4PBwsLCbG1tV65cycrKKioqunbt2t27d9+4cSMjIwOPx/++ocDa2lo9Pb1r1661tLRM/F0hISHZ2dmNjY3Gxsa/21mSyb+DqRfBz58/FxYWHmcwjkajDQ8PTzxBm0Ag/Ji6yUCOHDly/fr133d+hoNGo/n4+MTExCb1bDADUCiUHTt2fP78eXaXkZaW5uDgMH5ci7Oz8/jPaUxoNNqVK1cWLVpEIBBmeyFMGM/Xr1+Dg4NPnDgRHBw8ODhIJBJ5eXljYmLAv1pbW//1118IBAL088CLVCpVX19fS0uLQqHExsZKS0uDlufAwIChoaGmpiZ916upqendu3ehoaFPnjz5F1vsdXR0YLHYrKys+/fv29nZycnJ8fHxgaEuCILk5OTs7OxevnxZX1//q/1AKpXa0tIyK6q2wcFBsKqmpibwJIPD4X71Ufvt2zc0Gv3y5UszMzNJSUkgrV65cuXRo0dfv35dV1c3kxU/Go02MTExMDCwtLQMDw9PT0+vra2tr68H2fINDQ2NjY1EIhH8AcQbeXp68vPzy8jI2NjYMCQZism/nqkXwW/fvuXj4xvf/GF0dHSC4QU0Gq2xsbGmpmbK6xmf3t5eAwODPyvfLi4uTkRExNvbe7YX8hNOnDgxcbX376O8vNzR0fHFixe/OsDPz2+2HiFgMNhM2pxNGTKZLCEhYWBgMKd050x+H+Hh4XJycnv27Nm2bZucnFx5ebm9vf2+ffvAv1IoFDs7Ow0Njba2tp6enrVr14L28OjoqJmZmZyc3PhG7P8FRkdH29vbi4uLExISrly5smPHDllZWQ4ODgEBgVWrVpmbm9+7dw+Hw40VBlCp1PT0dKCLBYnoNBqNQqEwfFqATCb39fV1d3fX1dUhkciysrLKysq8vDwajdbW1vZTecDIyEhpaWlISIi1tbW0tDSo7CUkJE6cOPHy5UssFju7Iw0pKSkXLlwwMTFZtmzZ4sWLFy1atHTp0sWLFy9cuBAMUIqIiIiIiKxYsUJOTm7dunW2travXr1iWvwymSBTL4KTk5MXLFhAl6JPHzweP/G28WTBYrE7d+6cLUPHqfHmzZtXr17NzcdZb29vet9odsHj8efOnbt8+fJPne+QSKSzs/OsZCn5+Pj8EaZjX758gSDI3d19thfCZObA4XDu7u5nzpwB7X9PT08REZH4+HgUCnX48GF1dXXgG9XR0aGtrW1jY5Oamnr27FlZWdnKysrZXvtcpKenp6KiIjIy0traGjRQOTg4Vq1adfz48dTU1O+aOwQCAdzVS0pKmpqaqFQqkBqD2a+JX5RCobS0tBQWFqalpcXHxyclJeXl5X348KGsrOzLly/l5eVNTU1tbW0/qgRHR0dJJFJOTs7Dhw8tLS2XL1/OycnJx8cnJSW1adMmNze3tLS0ueafMDIyQiQS0Wh0SkpKUlJSSkpKcnJycnLy58+f8/LykpKSQErRXFs2k7nP1IvgnJwcPj4+8IjJEEZGRn7fVsuLFy8OHz78m04+DkQi0dbWNjAwcFJtNrC5k5aWNmebczdv3vxHPzvgE1lXV1ddXV1UVIRGo5uamr59+8aQ6OaxDA8Ph4WFmZubv3r16kfPCi8vr/PnzzP2ihOBQCBs37597o/O7Ny5c968eXN/nUx+HwMDA3fu3FmzZo2qqqqnp+fYZkRDQ4OTk9OKFSs0NTXHMcRkQufbt29FRUVPnz7dvXu3gIAAKysrDw+Pqqrq0aNHnz9/TndfptFodPeYmpqawcFBLBYLh8Nra2s/f/5MJpNxOFx/fz8ajQahElgsFoFABAcHX7161dPTE8RZHz9+3NfX9+HDh2/evCkuLm5ubv7VKFhvb295efm9e/dsbW0VFRXFxcXnz5/PwcEhJyd3+vTpN2/eoNHomXcoZ8Jk1pl6EZyRkcHOzp6WlsbA1fw+Tp06defOnZm/bkxMDARBK1eupKeVUqnUu3fvfvjwYZx3VVVV/VZ59PT5+PHjuXPnfny9q6srLy/v+vXrVlZW2traysrKwsLCixYtYmFh4ebmFhMTU1RU1NXVtbW1DQoKAqMVjCr0CwsLL1265O3t7e3tHRMTU1xcDNoq/f39wJ2XIVeZFFevXnVycprUW0ZHR4Et1MjIyNDQ0NevX0GLaHh4GFhBMXabLzo6GoIgMzOzrKysOTV8yWTm6ejo+JUuvL+//48b/5oLdHd3x8fHOzs7b968WUxMDIIgNja2nTt33rx5MzU19ac7k11dXQQCobe3F/xKIhCI8vLyd+/e5ebmYrHYhISE+Pj43Nzc/Px8AoEwGfLTSAAAIABJREFUjrF9b28vEol89uyZt7e3mZmZtLQ0BwcHyGPfuHGjt7d3bGwsHo9n/liZ/MeZehEM4tn+iBTN0dFRKyurWRnkunXrFgRBjo6O9HsNEolkZWVVVVX9o+8+cDjczs6O3tMdGRlJTk62s7MTFRWF/h9RUdF169bt27fPwcHB2dn58OHDxsbGa9as4efnpx/DwcGxcuVKBweHp0+flpWVTV/70djYWFhYGBER4eTkZGJi8uTJEyBoO3jw4IMHD6b7ZU+S5uZmRUXFH5XoLS0tdXV1JSUlGRkZSUlJz549CwgI8PX1NTY21tbWlpKSEhYWXrdunbCwsKCgoJCQkJCQ0PLlyzds2LBhwwZdXV1jY+MjR47cvHnz9evXHz9+nLLh/4sXL7i4uFauXPn3339raWn9PjESEyZMWltb8/Lyrl27pqCgwM/Pv2DBAl5eXnl5eW9v7+Tk5KKioimMEAwPD/f29jY0NJSUlKSlpT19+tTFxWXLli0aGhoLFy4Edw9xcXFwHw4NDUUgEM3NzUy9LBMmdKZeBBOJRDY2tj8iZaqurk5fX39STisMgUqlXrx4UUxMbKxLV1xcHARBmzdv/qOLYAKBsGvXrpGRke7u7rCwMD09PVDU8vPz79y509/fPyMj46fNbDKZXFlZmZqa+vz5cx8fnwMHDqxbt46dnR2CIC4uLgUFBWtr66CgoLS0tOlbTqJQqBs3bnh5ed2+ffvNmzd6enohISHTOeEU8PLyAul6SUlJt2/fdnFx2b59u7S09JIlS6Cfwc3NvWzZsr/++mvp0qXi4uIgY1lHR0dTU1NDQ0NTU3PFihWioqJiYmJiYmILFiwA7xIREVm/fv2mTZusra3d3d3DwsI+ffqEw+F+Gmjy7du3goICV1dXCILExMQKCwujoqLWrl3L9NRkwmQGGBkZqampSUpKCgwM3LJli7CwMB8fHz8//+LFixUVFTU0NDZv3mxiYmJhYeHo6Oju7u7i4nLq1ClXV9d9+/bt3bvX3Nzc2NhYV1dXVVV11apVy5cvX7hwIVAhCwkJrVq1asuWLadOnbp+/XpcXBwCgWDKZJkwGYepF8GDg4MqKir0meK5zNu3b62srGb+ugUFBREREd+5yJWVlTk7O9+9e3fm18NYHBwc0tPTVVVVIQji5eXdt29fampqa2vrZIv7vr6+5ubm9PR0Nzc3VVVVSUlJAQEB4MS+bt26u3fvfvnypbKycsqb9Q0NDR8/fvT29lZTU+Pl5Q0PD5/aecYHqJ+Li4tTU1NfvnwZHh7u5ua2detWXl5eLi6u0tJSExMTeqU7f/78VatWbdq0affu3S4uLuDjqqCgAIVCkUikzs7Or1+/dnZ2gj/09fWRSKSBgYGBgYHBwcGurq6Ojg7wryQSCY/HZ2ZmhoaGnj171tDQUFpaWlxcnJ+fn52dnYWFRVBQ0NDQ0N7e/uDBg76+vh4eHhYWFhISEqysrMDaCWj6XV1dt2/fPsdj7Zgw+VfS399PIpE+fPjg5eV18OBBCwsLIyMjbW1tBQUFWVnZv/76CySfgV9tYICwYcMGHR0dc3NzBweHw4cPX7p06eHDh8XFxR0dHf8YsMeECZOxTL0IptFou3btkpeXn/sdTU9Pz6tXr878dZFI5I9JDXV1dXFxcX+6/jIhIUFVVdXb21tLS8vPz4+BEzPd3d1wODw6OvratWtGRkagXBMQEFi/fr2tre2HDx+mbPVAIpE+f/5samrq5eU15YKPSqWSyWQSiVRcXJyRkREcHHzw4MHt27crKSktWbKEbh0KerqLFy/W1dVVV1ffs2dPUVFRZGRkampqQUFBcXExMOycCJmZmRM34hgeHsbj8fn5+e/evbt9+/bp06d37dq1bt06RUVFTk5OsDA2NjYVFZXAwEDgAECj0eTl5f+zGbBMmMxNBgcHe3p6Wltb29vbv379+vXr1/b29r6+vqGhIaaegQkTRjGtIvjatWscHBxz3GOfSqU6OTlNPL35d0MgEP5om6Hs7Gxra2tQTj1+/Li3t/f3XYtCodTW1gYFBZmbm9MNLAUEBCwtLQMDA+/du5eRkVFeXj6pIcKRkRFfX9+LFy/+mPhN/9QhEAgoFCorKystLS0hISEyMvLGjRsuLi579uzR09OTlpbm5ORkZ2fn4+NbsGAB2ILcsGHDtm3bzp49GxIS8urVq5ycHBKJ1N7ePjg42NbWpq+vHxsbO7VvgpOT0xTc6CgUChBYU6nUvr6+vr6+lpYWOByekpJSXFw8Vnvd0dEhJCQUEBAwteUxYcKECRMmfyjTKoJjY2PZ2NhSUlIYtZrfQWtrq4WFxT/m6zIZHyqVmpKSsmvXLlCJ2tnZmZiYzOSoWV9fHwwGu337Nr09DODl5V25cqWRkZGdnd2ZM2euXr0aGhoaExMTGxv75cuXjx8/3r59OzQ09O3bt7GxsU+fPg0JCXn69KmcnJyYmJiLi8vp06etrKwsLS23b9+uqamppKQkJSUlJibGxcX1nVqXnZ1dVFTUyMjIysrKy8srMjLy48eP2dnZ9fX148xoA9LT07dt2zYFB6Ly8vJJydnB1uq3b99IJNIE3/L69evly5fX1tZOdm1MmDBhwoTJH820imAEAsHJyXnkyBFGreZ3gEKh7O3tJ2VCzoROX18fBoOJjIzcs2fPvHnzIAjasWNHVlYWjUYLCwvz8/Ob+SWRyeS6urrw8HALC4v169cvW7ZMUFDwp0Nmk4Wbm1tQUFBWVlZPT8/GxubUqVPnzp27detWXFxceXl5S0tLZ2fnlE2ObWxsIiIiJvWWkZGR48eP37p16x+/IaDfjEQi+/v7J7UzMzo6unfvXiMjo0ktjAkTJkyYMPkXMK0ieHh42NDQkI2N7fnz54xaEMOJjY318PCY7VX8GVAoFJDGnpmZefnyZQsLC0VFRR4eHroOITExkX7ws2fP9u/fP4urpdFofX19DQ0NWCw2Pz//w4cPkZGRkZGRf//997NnzyIiIgICAu7cuePr6+vu7n7u3LmTJ0+ePHny7Nmz/v7+ISEhUVFRr169evv27Zs3b96+fZudnY1CoSorK3+TwCM9PV1NTY0uw50ICQkJGhoavzJtGB4ebmpqqqur+/btW319fW9vb319/U+PHB0dTU5O/mlvuLS0lI+PLz09feKrYsKECRMmTP4dTKsIptFoKBRKWFgYgqAbN27MzTyhoKAgf3//2V7FnKO/v7+mpiYtLe3jx48RERFXrlyxs7PT0NDg4eFhZ2dnY2OD/t+zbP/+/ceOHePi4jp58uTYM6Slpeno6MzNVOe5yf79+69duzbBg0dGRiwsLOzs7OivdHR0VFdXV1VVgaZvQUEBDAYDhe/4/WkqlXrq1CldXd07d+4QicSx/7Rjxw5NTU2GZ/gxYcKECZPxaWhoSEtLQ6PRsbGxQLFZWVmZm5uLRqNLS0tpNBoKhUpISPjups2EsUy3CKbRaGVlZVu2bIEgaMmSJSC6dsrz+78Df3//6Ojo2V7F1AGb3a2trVlZWc+fPw8JCQkJCXnw4AHwVy8pKWloaOjv76dQKL+y6aBSqQMDA6Bp+uLFCw8Pj61btwIhAQsLCy8vLwRBrKys5ubmysrKNjY2YWFhsbGxubm5paWllZWVycnJ+/btY2VlBb+WdDAYjImJycS1p0xKS0u3bt06QdvO9vb2FStWiImJ2dvbe3p6ent7nzx58vbt21FRUXg8vrKy8qcewOOQkZHh5OSkoaHh7+8PbPmBZfWbN2+m8sUwYcKECZNpcOfOHVZWVklJSXZ29mXLltXW1gYEBHBxcfHx8e3Zs8fT01NISGjx4sVSUlIfP36c7cX+a2FAEUyj0chkcnx8/OrVq8G+uZiY2PHjx+Pi4mY+n+JH9uzZk5ycPNuroJHJZAQCkZiY+PDhw+vXr9+7d8/f3z8sLCwmJub9+/cwGKygoAD09uLj4//+++/AwMCLFy/a2tpqampKSEgA21cuLi5ubu758+eDuARRUVEhISF2dnZBQUFtbW1DQ8Ndu3ZZWFi4urq6uroeP37c2dl53759BgYGUlJS8+fP5+HhERAQWLp0qby8vIWFha+vb2JiYk5OjqCg4KFDh2g02rlz5wICAjo6Orq6urBYbF1dXUJCAhwO37Fjx9q1a7+zFRsaGiopKZlsKfYfx93d3cvLayJHEggEQUHByMhINBqdlpZWXl5OIBDA0850FlBUVOTm5rZ9+3ZHR8cVK1aAIA8mTJgwYTLDBAQEQBAUHh6enp7OwsJy7dq1mzdvQhB0/vz5zMzMffv2nTlz5uXLlxAEbd++fbYX+6+FMUUw4OLFiyoqKnfu3Nm0aRPIAFu5cqWhoaGPj095efnAwACFQqFSqVQqdXR0tL+/H4vF1tbWgjiA0dFR8Prg4GBDQ0N8fPz9+/dDQkICAwPv37//4cOHlpaWgYGByfoj4nC4NWvWgESAKQOsYYeHh4eGhshkMniRQqEMDAyAOaSGhoaqqioYDPb+/fv79++HhoZeunTJzc3t3Llz586dc3Fx2bVrl5qaGt2oFQDmzOjOA5ycnMByi/7i8uXLly9fDkHQ0qVLPTw8DAwMPDw8srOzs7KyEAhEbm5uWlpaYmLikydPnJycgGZ36dKlK1as4OTkXLRokbS0tKKi4vbt21VUVDg4OAIDA62srDw9Pevr60E5S6FQMjMzz58/z8HBcf78eSqVeuLEiZCQkNTUVDgcnpaW1tnZSaPRmpub2djYgoKCpvM9pNFoJBLp5cuXeDx+muf5o6msrDQwMJiIFUNzc7OgoODE5ROToqGhwcvLS1BQ0NLSsrCw8HdcggkTJkyYjMPFixfnzZvX1tZGo9EUFBRcXV19fHx4eXnBXvrNmzdNTU0tLS05OTkPHDgwy2v998LIIjggIMDa2ppGo4E0gZiYmIMHDyorK4uKivLx8UlISKxfv15fX19fX19XV3fx4sUQBLGwsIBGprGx8datW42NjaWkpEAJyMrKysbGxsPDw8XFtWDBAg4OjhUrVmzbtu3IkSNXrlwJDw9/+/ZtSEjI5cuXjxw5sm3btm3btm3fvv3EiRPBwcExMTGJiYmvX7/W0tKCIGjbtm2hoaF37ty5d+/erVu3goKC/Pz8/P39wex/aGjo/fv3P378WFxc3NnZOTIy0tDQkJKS8vTpU39/f1dXVyMjI0VFRRkZGVlZWU1NTSsrq/379+vq6i5btkxMTIyNjY2FhQUUr9zc3AsWLFi0aJGIiAj4KkRFRefPn6+kpGRmZnb48GE/P7/o6Og3b94UFxd3d3fHxsYuWLDg9OnT2traFy9ejImJ+fTpExwOz8nJwePx/f39Hz9+hCAoODiYRqNdvHjx06dPP/3OR0dHL1u2zMHB4eXLl4ODg+3t7d++fRseHgYl+7t378TFxWk02suXL0+cOIFEIgkEQllZ2Zs3bxISEtBo9NKlS0+ePFlfX+/t7f3jyT09PUVFRZuamqbzf4NEIq1du1ZcXLygoGA65/kXEBgY6O7u/o+HDQ0N6ejoiImJMVxclJube+zYsby8vJaWluDgYFNTUwsLi7i4OMZehQkTJkyYjMPFixdZWFjAduu8efMCAgIuXLjAx8fX3t7e2to6b948GxubjIwMTk7OU6dOzfZi/7Uwsgh+/fr1zp07fzRDrays9PPzW7t27cmTJ8+fP29vb29paenm5ubh4eHp6enl5WVrawv6nYKCgjo6OhEREY8fP05OTv7y5UteXl5GRkZycvKjR48WLVq0aNEiZWVlAQEBertURERk7dq1O3bsMDQ0XLNmjaio6NhuKxsbG9ArTwQwB7ZhwwZ6CQtB0LJly/bt2+fg4GBjY6OsrAyq80WLFvHz8+/evdvPz+/BgwePHz+OiYmJiopKTk6GwWDl5eXFxcXz5s27evVqTEzM2NkmAIVCaW1txWAwV69eFRcXr66u3rFjx3fV4eDgYH19vZ2d3fLly5uamshk8v79+8+fP4/BYIaGhvr6+jo6Ojo6Or5+/drQ0LBx40YbGxs7O7uLFy/m5uaSyWQkEpmfn19aWhoVFWVqasrJyZmSkhIbG/v3339XVVURicSxA23S0tIuLi7Pnj27ffv2d0ttbm5euHChj4/P2BdxOBwMBktJSbl79y4IhR4eHo6Li7t+/fq7d++Gh4dpNBoejw8ICLh48SIcDqfRaO7u7hAE6enptbW1lZaWnjlz5tKlS/9N8+bKykpNTc3y8vJ/PPL+/fsQBJ09e5ZRl+7s7Lxz5w4PDw8HBwfd3ru1tfV///vf+vXrd+/eHR0dPQUzYyZMmDBhMlkuXrwIQRAfHx8HB4ewsDAej/fy8uLh4Wltbe3u7paQkFi8eLGOjg4HB4eDg8NsL/ZfCyOL4Pj4eAkJCT8/v4KCgo6Ojv7+/pGRESBhzMvLu3Pnzq/eWFVVtXDhwps3b9rY2CQkJPzqsFWrVnl5eQ0MDDx//vx///sfDoerrq7u6enp7++nUqkjIyN9fX09PT3Nzc1paWkbN24UEhLKysoaHh4+duyYmZnZu3fvcnNz4XB4UVERFoutrq5uamqqr69va2u7cuXKvHnzLC0txcXFV69ebWVldePGjZSUlNra2rF9OBcXF01NTRKJ1NnZ6ejoCMq7HyEQCH5+fkuWLMHj8VFRUTt27CCRSCgUqrCwsKOjA41G37t379q1a4GBgUJCQqdOnSosLHR2dv7w4UNBQQGBQKipqYHD4a9evcrIyNi0aZOWlhaNRsvPz79y5UpjYyPIM8vJyXnw4EFkZOTz58+trKzY2NgCAgKuXLnS2tpKJBJ7enqQSGRRUREajc7Pz8/KypKSkrp+/XpCQsL79++/Wy2FQlm5cuWhQ4d8fHy+E0/X19fr6Ohoamp+N50aGBjIzc0tLy8vJSW1fPnywsLC06dP8/Ly6ujoCAoK+vj41NfXKygorFmzRlVVVVBQ8NWrV/b29uzs7Jqamv/H3llGRbW+bXwf9dioqIAiKiDhMQAJQZCQki7pboYOQZDuEEGlMUA6FKWku0NCaUVCGumGGdjvh73eWfyJsRBQ5/fhrOOeZ2aegWHve99xXb6+vri4uAwMDFRUVMTExFAM/bcRGxtbU1Pz1WXz8/NKSkoAAJiamkKtKT9GT0/Pq1evNDU1cXFxAQAQFhZe/e6Dg4NPnjxRUFDg5ub28PDYDt38aNCgQfMHo6ysjIGBER0d/fz586amJhAEW1tbCwsLoaiprq7O29u7oKCgrKysqqpqqzf7x7KRQXB4eLiwsHBjY2NhYWFvb+/Hjx/r6+uzsrJqa2vv3bvHzc0N9QDA4XAEAjExMTExMTE6OjoyMuLr63vgwIEXL17cvn2blZXV39//3bt3XV1dvb29ULJzcHAwLy/v1KlTT548AUEwICCAkZGxra1tdnZ2tSTCwsLC3NwcDAYjJiaGjujq6oaHhyMnipADXgsLC52dnUlJSXR0dISEhKWlpVZWVqttNRAIxOjoaFNT0/nz59XU1EAQ7OjokJKSMjc3z8rK+vLly9u3b5OTk1NSUhISEvz9/b28vC5cuEBJSTkxMaGqqhoXF9fT01NbW9vQ0DAyMjI0NAQNk/X39x8/fjwuLi4yMhLS30UgEPPz89PT08i3NjAwuHHjBgiCpqamQUFBa/7YTU1Nz507Z25uHhERsd6vhoODQ09PLy0tbXXVe2xsDB8fX0FB4e7du1++fEEef//+PQEBAScn52p9FhcXFwAAMjIympqadu/eraysbGtrq6io6OjouHfvXgUFBRcXlx07dnz8+HFqaurkyZPc3NxVVVUYGBiRkZH29vYAALi6ut6+fRsAgEePHq2357+KxcXFNSfeZmdn5eXlAQAgJSU1Nzd/9+4d9BcEguDq/vilpaW5ubn+/v63b98WFRVFRkZaWloKCwvj4eFBZY3Lly+HhYWtpyICkZSUJCgoSEdH9+jRo5+JvNGgQYMGDRI4HJ6YmBgQEIA8oq2tjY2NjT7Nbi0bGQQHBweLiooi/wmNjk1MTExOThoZGRkZGUHeBG1tbZ2dnVDUGBERERYWZmBggImJmZeX9/z5c0dHx7y8vIqKiq6uroaGhqSkpNjYWB8fHzk5ucOHD0N5Ynd3dyMjo5qamlevXtXU1EANNKWlpU1NTa9fvw4ICHBzc7tw4QI9PT0IgtPT07KysgoKClD6rbW1NT4+vr29/fPnz7m5uUlJSRkZGZSUlIqKillZWXR0dMHBwaWlpRUVFSUlJR0dHb29vcnJyVCrAAkJydOnT0EQhLwYvnz5MjQ0ND8/Pzw83Nvb29/fPzAw0NvbOzw8TE9Pr6WlVVpaamZmtt6PKykpCRsb+/Xr13fu3Fnvz0BKSkpCQmJoaEhGRqa3t3f1gsXFxStXrggICBgZGVVWVq73XiIiIjAYLDU1NSEhYcVDlZWVeHh4tra22traUCcDCIKzs7OUlJTi4uLIQcDl3L9/HwCAtrY2EATx8PAEBQW1tLQoKCg0NDSOHDmipaVlZmZ27NgxKEpjYGBgYGDIycnZt29feHi4np4eAABqampWVlbS0tKJiYnr7fnvYXJyUkxMzNraes1HIcNqcXHxK1eunDp16siRI1RUVFxcXBwcHFJSUhoaGhoaGioqKqKiouzs7MTExJDGM9Tec+zYMUJCQhERkQcPHmRnZ3+jb+LS0lJmZqaiouL169fNzc2hFAUaNGjQoPkB5ufnQ0JCODk5WVlZX758iTz+6dOnkpKSubm5Ldwbmo0MgqOioiQkJNZ8yNLSsqioaL0npqenHz9+PDs728bGBtmquIKcnJwzZ85AOg9eXl51dXXIhyYnJ8fGxlpbW3t7eyFv26GhIQ4ODhMTExAEq6qq7t+/D4IgAoGYnp6enZ2dm5uDlCiQr0BEROTu7p6YmOjs7FxYWFhUVFRdXV1SUtLZ2Qm9JgiC7e3tREREkGOwk5NTc3Pzeh+no6ODlJQ0Pj7ewMAAhReXtbU1FRWVlZWVvb39emtu376trKwcFha2niffx48fz5w5Y2xsrKmpieKGUlVVVUND482bN6uDYCkpKWFh4YqKCj09PWTI++DBg//++2+9F/Tw8AAAwMLCwtvbe9euXXfv3sXBwbl69eqzZ8/27dsnLCwcHx8PAICDg4OPj8/u3bttbW2zsrIAAHj+/HlYWBgAAO7u7r6+vqKiot/SFfDnsbi4CNleQIWOiYkJBQUFaPwRBVNTU7m5uSEhIVZWVoqKirKystLS0vz8/ExMTIKCgtCdnrq6urW1ta2t7bNnzzIyMurq6n5mrq68vFxXV5ednV1XV7ekpOR7tVnQoEGD5m9mdnY2OjqanZ39ypUrvr6+aG+pbchGBsGRkZFrtm8vLCy4ubm9e/duvSemp6cTExM3NTWJioqu12ibmJiIh4dXU1OztLRkZma2PAheTVdXFy4ubkxMDAiCMTExqCffW1pa8PHxX758aW5uDmU316SgoAAbG3twcPD9+/cwGAxFQPD+/XtaWloLCwtZWVkUX3pBQUF8fHxxcXEUmTY3NzdycnJ5efn1vHMTEhKwsLDCw8M1NTVR+P0qKCjo6uqmpKSsyLw6ODgcPHiwvb29sbFRSEgIqrO/ffv24MGDkZGR672ap6cnJHyBiYkpKCjY399vaGh45MgRZmZmenp6cXFxOBwOJYNxcHBkZWUnJiaqq6sZGBiSk5OXlpYsLCzOnTt38uRJdXX15b0ffw+Wlpa7d+/et2/fmTNnaGlpBwcHKSkpf2z0AdLv2/AdLqerq8vCwoKcnJyXl3e1uEdvb+/09PTU1BQ6n4EGDRo0EHA4PDw8nImJiYeHJyoqCh3+bls2MggODAxcs/o/Njbm4eEBmVStSUZGxsWLF4uKimAw2HqJq4iIiKNHj1ZXVw8NDWlqanZ3d6PYSVNTEyYmZm5u7vz8vIqKCurF/v7+ZGRkkZGRqIWr3rx5Q0lJCYKgk5NTWFgYipXJyclQzRq1jzQ3NzdS/mw9LCwsoLzpegv8/PxOnjyZn59vZWU1MzOz3jIBAQE7O7vc3NzAwEDkwczMzL1790ItSr29vdevX6+oqOjr66OkpKSmpkYR07i5uQEAEB0dXVxcDPU3LywsFBUV9fX1jY+PI3/alZWVy03moDQ89P8fP378FnkE1CAQiLn/Z/5/gY6scPfYJnR0dGBjYzMzM4eFhWFjY58+fbq/v//UqVPi4uJbvTVUNDc3W1hY+Pv7Lz/o4+Nz8eJFaHrSz89vq/aGBg0aNNuE+fn5mJgYVlZWZmZmX1/f7XkZQoNkI4NgZ2fnNS0VxsbGnJ2dUSRZ8/PzaWlpfXx8LCws1lvz+PFjTEzMjx8/trS02NjYoK7MtrS0YGFhdXR05OXlOTg4oN62ra0tERGRoKAgioYNEATv3bsnIyPT2tpqYGCAusQcEREBAADUg7Eeo6Ojly5d2rt3L+pAmZWVFQ8Pb2hoaL0FGhoaQkJCubm5zs7O6/1M+vr6iIiIgoODMzMzlZWVoYNzc3M0NDQaGhrIZdra2vv27Tt8+PCVK1dQNHuAIOjl5YWHh7cJtheQX3RLS0t+fn50dHRkZKS3t7elpaWqqqqQkBATE9OlS5cuXbp08eLFS5cuXf5fyMnJWVlZZWVldXR0ICPowsLClpaWLff0jouLAwAgJCQEBEEVFZXTp09/+fIFHx9fUFBwazf2LSxvIqqoqAAAQFxc/M6dOwAA6OnpbeHG0KBBg2ZrGR0dffr0KScnJzMzc2hoKDr7+1uwkUGwk5PTmkHw6Oioo6NjR0fHek/Mzc2lpaWFwWCxsbHrrQkPDz937tz4+HhBQQGKJlqIsrIyLCys6upqExOTjx8/ol6soaEBAICRkRFqQ1pRUVEbG5uIiIivCho4OTnh4eENDAygWNPY2IiBgYFaAbu7u/vUqVM6OjrrLUAgENzc3PrivAEhAAAgAElEQVT6+gkJCRoaGutN/dva2h49enR0dLStre3mzZuQP01+fv6JEyeWK/X29/e7uLhYW1v39/ej/oB9fX1NTU0b2CG6uLg4Pj4OzUH6+flZW1urqakJCgqysbExMDBQU1OTkpISEhKeOnWKjIxMWFhYXl5eQkJCUVFRSUlJS0vL0tJST09PRUVFRUVFVVVVVVVVWlr65s2b165du3z5MtKEb//+/Tg4OCQkJLdu3bKysgoICMjLy+vp6UGOA24OpaWl//zzj4GBwdTU1M2bNwkICIaGhggICLi4uDZzGz/Pw4cPAQCAGpMICQnRQTAaNH88kBQpUtxpTYGmv5DZ2VlPT89r167x8vK+fPnyJ83t0WwmGxkE37t3z9PTc/XxkZERS0tLFFax7969w8XFpaOjW1MAASItLY2MjGx4eDgsLAx1khUEwbCwMBISEg8PDwsLC9Sx2tTUFBUV1eXLl9drukUiKysrJyenpKTU3t6OeqWDg4ONjQ3qNfHx8aSkpKht2CIiIjAxMVtbW9dbAIfD2djYjIyMkpKSWFhY1mxgyMzMBAAAiqThcDgXFxfUXBEXF8fIyIiijXgTaG1tjYuLMzU1ZWdn379//+HDh4mIiKioqPj4+KSlpU1NTZ8+fZqRkdHR0TEwMDA5OTkxMfHtVg6Q3tzMzMzIyMiXL18qKyufP39uZmbGz89PQkKC9EPZu3cvFRWVpqbm06dPc3JympqaNkGwho+PD3KHAQCAjIysv7//9OnT3Nzcv/p9NxbIy+Pt27cgCOLh4Wlqam71jtCg+f2Aw+H9/f0fPnx4//49ZA6VlZWVl5eXkpISExMTGxsbHBzs7+/v8788evTIy8sL+n9fX1/kcV9fXz8/P19f34iIiISEhIyMjJaWls+fP3/v5MDMzEx7e3t6enp4eLiPj4+9vb2amhoPDw8jIyMeHt7Zs2f/+++/s2fPXrhwgYWFBQaD+fv7l5SU/Or5hG3I9PT0kydPIOWHmJgYdPj727GRQbCLi8uaWdL29nZLS0sUI1Dv37/ft28fZLm8HtHR0aSkpIODgwEBARUVFah3Ym5uTkhIyMfHhyKChPjw4cPJkyfj4uJQLwNBUFRUdM+ePas91VawsLDg6en5VQ8IWVlZZ2dn1GuYmZnl5ORQLEAgEMzMzA4ODvX19UxMTKvjeE9PTxwcHCUlJaQAcFZWFjU1dVtbm6urKycn5yYnQSEWFhZevHjBx8dHTEx8/PhxGhqa27dvh4SEpKSk1NfXL9cq/kVMTk62tLSkpaUFBAQYGxtLSkpeuXLl2LFjhw8fhtxSWFlZ5eXlnZyckpKSOjs7UTRb/xidnZ2urq7Ozs6srKxERETd3d24uLhCQkIb+y6/msbGxlOnThETE0Pd7ZaWllu9IzRotgszMzN9fX2dnZ3v37/Py8tLTU2Nj4/38vK6d++evr6+srIyNze3kJDQ1atXr169SkNDc+nSJWpq6uvXr9PR0TEwMLCysvLy8goJCQkKCvLy8rKzs7Ozs/Px8amrq8NgMCUlJRgMpq6ufvfu3bt377q7u9vY2BgYGOjq6qqoqKipqWloaMjKynJxcdHT09+4cYOampqenp6NjU1CQsLOzi4uLq66urqurq69vX1oaGh4eLi7u7u9vb2ioiI0NNTMzIyenv706dPExMQnT54kJSVlYGAQExMzMzN7+PChl5dXbGxsZmZmVlZWVlZWSkrKs2fPtLS0Lly4cOLEibNnz2ppaS0fBfmDGRoacnFxoaOjExISysjIQPf+/qZsZBBsbm6+5mBcU1PTmm0SSBoaGvDw8CAJ3vUIDg4mJCSEBtW/amelpaUFAADqCBLi+fPnN27c+GosCIfDiYmJqampoTkwFIyPj1tZWaF+wYGBgatXr9bW1qJYExsbu2vXLhQKayAIdnd3nzx5MiYmZmho6PLlyykpKcsfTU5OXtN0986dO6SkpIcOHfL29kb9WX4Fr169unbtGjk5ubCw8LNnzz5//rwlgfgK5ubmBgYG8vPzHzx4oKamduPGjWvXrhETE2NhYe3bt+/cuXNiYmKOjo7h4eHJycnFxcWQ6WBLS8v79+/r6ura2tp+LHZXUFDAxsaGUqrr6QRvZ0pKSkRFRfX09E6cOLGB9s5o0GxzoKncwcHBjo6O2tra1NTUwMBAd3f327dv6+joyMjIsLKy0tLSQq1cFy9evHLlCiMjo4CAgJiYmIaGho6Ojp2d3aNHj9zd3cPCwjIyMvLy8pqbmycmJmZmZhAIxEZFVIuLi52dnQUFBVAjn6mpqaSkJAUFxenTp0+dOvXff/9dvXqVnp7+v//+IyYmvnTpEjMzs5iYmI6OjoODw+vXr6urq7+9+JaVlXXnzp1r165hYmIKCws/efLkG4XJfzsgq3laWlp+fn7U2lNotj8bGQT7+vpKS0uvPl5fX+/q6oriib29vdTU1CgMk0EQDA0NPX36dEJCgru7+1e7UaFyMyQqjBpnZ2fUUg8QkLHzq1evvroyNzfXysoK9Zr79++LiIigOM1lZWVhYGBwc3OjPhWmpqYePHgQqkfz8vKam5sjH/r48SMuLq6qqurqZ83OzgYGBvr6+m5y9NnQ0CAgIHD69GlHR8dNGKr7ebq6ukpKSl68eGFvby8hIXHhwoXDhw/j4+OfPn36zJkzFy5cICMjO3/+PCkpKfRfdnb2wMBAFL3vq3n79m1KSkpdXV1UVBTUq/2bgo+Pj+4JRvNbMzk5OTQ01N7e/u7du+bm5rq6uvfv3+fm5kZFRQUFBTk7O8vKykpISEhISIiIiJCTk+Ph4eHg4BASElJSUrKxsdHT00MVpDt37nh7e0dERFRVVbW3t/f09EBa4LOzs9tEaXtsbKy3t7erq6uxsTE7O7u0tLS4uLilpWVwcPDnhQ7n5+cLCwvFxcWxsbGPHj2qoqLyJ1n+jo2NOTk5nTt3TlpaGi2d/mewkUFwRESEsLDw6uPv3793cnJC8cSFhQUeHh7UMWtSUtKlS5eMjY2/2hA8Ojp66tQpZmbmr/49z8/Pq6qqolZCgMjJyREWFv6Wsriuru7yYHQ1HR0dREREvr6+6y1ISkrCwsICAOCrrRfq6upXrlyB+nrv3LkjIiKCfOjevXsAAHzLR9sEFhcXAwMDsbCwrly58vueEGdmZsbGxoaHh+vr60tLS0tLS0tKSiorK0tLS0NDQzU0NMjJyY8cObJ37159ff2MjIy/qjnM09NzPZsbNGi2FePj4+/evUtISID0iHR1dRUUFAQFBdnZ2bm5ua9fvw51IzAwMJCSkp46dYqamvry5cs0NDSCgoJqamrm5uYeHh7Pnz+Pjo5OTU0tLi7++PEjlMFFh0TLaWpq8vLyYmJiwsXFhRyUvj2pvA3p6+uzsLBgY2OTl5dPSkra6u2g2TA2Mgiuq6uTk5NbLQvS2NiIOp6bn58XFxdH3b+bnJxMQUEhLy+PQjQXoqCgAAAAFH7FSEZGRszMzL7lzPXkyZPlCrvrkZmZefDgwSdPnqBYIyoqCgDAmtN1jY2N4uLiAADAYDBVVdXo6GgUr5OWlnbgwAHIEAQEwcrKSkJCQqgZa35+noaGRlZW9qsb3gQmJiZUVFQAAODn599yebJfytzcXHl5ube3Nykp6f79+6moqJycnFBrVG857e3tDQ0N6Is3mj+bmZmZ9PR0V1dXaWlpVlZWOjo6bm5uOTk5KysrLy+vJ0+exMXF5eTk1NXVQWMJg4ODAwMDGhoaUVFRW733356UlBQNDQ0SEhJGRkYPD49tfkpcTUdHh52dHQsLi4qKSkZGxlZvB80Gs5FB8ODgID8//2ovt6amJlVVVdR3gTo6OqgddJOSksjJyRUVFSFzBxRYWlp+1YQCIi8v7+HDh19dBoKgg4PDVw1+4XA4Ozs76reGDIdPnTq1ulnq9evXODg4x48f9/HxAUHQysoKRffFixcvdu7cucJjjJ+fX1RUFATB3Nzc/fv3l5aWfvVz/Wra29uFhYUBABAREdkE1YVtAnTFlZCQOHv27L///quiorIdfherSUtLw8TEVFFRQY90oPkjgcPhWVlZJiYmV65coaenh7QRy8vL+/v7v9oM9uXLFyEhoU2Y0/1LGBwcfPDgAQUFBSkpqaqqakpKyvavlXV2duro6NDQ0GhpaX112B3Nb8pGBsFwOBwGg60w5gVBsKurS0FBAbUcmJGRUUJCAooFSUlJlJSUysrKqMe5RkdHiYiIAAD4FsEHNTW1b2nz7enpMTY2Rq37C4LggwcPsLGxxcTE1mt1ePLkyT///CMoKMjNzb1CDC4yMnLHjh1CQkItLS3QESMjI2SWdwWQYZu0tPQKwY20tLRjx47x8/Pj4OBoa2tvuVrNmzdvzp49CwDA9evXt1aLbatobW11dnbGxsbet28fHx9famrqpuVcJycn3759W1dXFxwcnJSUBGl5dnZ2+vj4xMfHw+HwsbExRkZGAACeP3++OVtCg2bTqKioMDEx4ebmvnHjhq2tbUpKyvf23NvY2BgZGf2i7f21zMzMZGVlKSkpkZKSsrKy6urqZmVlbVWFcHR09NOnT8nJyYGBgc+ePYOmayAaGxt1dXVZWVlv3769OS18s7OzJSUlZWVlUEpicHCwt7cXqkhswrv/zWxkEAyCYGBg4Or5mJmZGRkZmcLCQhRP9PHxiYiIQLEgOTn54sWLpqamqNshoqKiMDExz549+9VL+4cPH8jIyL7FvLempsbCwgJ15iA7O3vPnj2Ojo4xMTHrSWRgYmJKSEh8+fJFSkqqoKAA+dDAwAAhIeHNmzeXB7Xa2tpr6s1ZWVnt2LHDxMRkzf0kJCTQ0dGJiYlt+V9Obm7u6dOnT5w4wcjIiMIs8G+gt7fX1dX10qVLu3fv5ufnT09P34TM64cPHwgICA4cOEBISLhz504TE5Pe3l5I8gIXF1dQUDAhIeHo0aNQ4xC6HQLNH0NGRgYvL+/x48cFBQUTExN/bNIrLy/v+vXrnz9/3vDtoYGYmJgICwuTlpbGx8c/f/68l5fXpoXCc3NzISEh0tLSly9fxsfHJycnv3bt2vXr18nIyFRUVNLS0rS1tS9fvqyrq/st4cGG0NzcTEVFtXPnzr179yopKU1PT+vp6R09ehQXF/erlrdofpINDoLfvn1LT0+/ooS0tLQkLS39+PFjFE/09fV1dHREsSA+Pp6EhCQ0NPTRo0frWdTMzc2dP39eUlJSUVHRzs4O9VZ1dHQICQlHRkZQLwNB8Pbt24qKiigWtLS0kJCQ6OnpIRAIPz+/NcfkpaSk8PHxIYU1GAxma2uLfMjKyurIkSMrMuVqampubm4rXiQwMBAAAH9//6/ueWspLCw8fvz4tWvXpKSkNu08ss2ZnJxMSkqip6ffs2cPDQ3Ny5cvf2ko3NLSsnfvXi4urpaWFigm8Pb2BgCAjY0NGgaamJhQVlbGwMBAFh/QoPl9KS0tvXv3LjU19YEDByQlJcvLy3/4pRoaGujo6FJTU1Eva29vz8nJefnyZUhISFRUVGJiYmNj4w+/6V9LR0cHND+Hj4+POkj4eQYHB319fVlZWW/cuGFpaZmRkfHx48fh4WEEArG0tPTkyRMAAGhoaAwNDb9qNLuxpKWlsbCweHh48PHx7dy5s6amRlJScseOHQYGBqv7S9FsLBscBM/PzwsLC0dGRq44rqmpqaCggOKJDx48EBERQZGRCgoKIiEh6enpsbCwWK/Qn5qaumfPnrS0NDs7O9TWyoWFhfv372djY/tqnqC6uhoAAAEBgfUi77S0NGJiYhMTE+ifz58/X11Ey8zMxMDAQLZeJCcn09HRQQFxTk7Ov//+u3qWLiwsTFRUdHkjdXl5+a5du9YUodtW1NfXX7x4kZ2d3dDQ8GcuRX8kcDj89evXTExMO3bs4OTkzM3N/UVv1NDQsHv3bkia8NGjR/v37y8oKDAyMqKhocHFxaWmpp6YmLh9+/axY8f+VC1PNH8D8/PzGRkZEhIS169fJyIiOnjw4E8GUtAlLCgoaL0Fw8PDFRUVdnZ2TExMfHx8Ojo6jIyMWFhY3NzcFy9efPny5c+8+1/L7Oysvb39nj17hISENtacaHFxcWRkJC8vDzIBYWRkXCGoD4JgfX29lpYWFRWVg4PDljh9dHR06Onp8fHx4eLiHj9+vKqqipOTk4qKavN38heywUEwCIIRERHKysorDvr4+BAQEKD4cvv7+1+6dKm/v3+9BTo6OnR0dAsLC1paWut1d1lYWFBTUyMQiNDQUAMDg/Veampq6urVqwAAiImJfdX3XFRU9NixYyIiImvGCsnJyXv27BEXF0fG5XV1dbq6uiuWycrKLv9Cw+Fwenp6Nze3z58/nz17loaGZnUs3tbWduXKlXfv3iGPyMvLHzt2bJsr7DY0NBASEgoICJiYmCxvsUKznKWlpaioKAoKir179+rp6f2KdpGWlpZDhw6xsbHV19dzcnJiY2P7+PhISEikp6draGgAAFBeXq6jo4OBgYEOgtH8joyMjAQEBDAxMbGysvr5+RkYGCgpKaF2IPoqi4uLRkZGGhoa6y0oKChIT09PS0urr68fGBiATvsZGRne3t4lJSXGxsZycnLbf95r21JYWEhAQCAqKvqNAy3d3d1xcXHe3t6Ojo53797V0dFRUVFRUFBQUVHR1NTU0NCQlJTk4+Pj5eWVlpY2NDTMzs5efcV3d3enpqZ2cHCAhJPFxMRWe69uCDMzMzU1NeHh4SYmJvb29st1tBQVFQEAiI+PV1RUPHjw4Lt3727evElNTf0rtoFmBRsfBPf397Oysi7veQVBsLKy8tixYyhur6FC/3o3YYuLi7y8vFB7gK2tbWZm5uo109PTLCwskNpDXl6esLDwmkbNcDhcSkrqwoULbm5u4uLiqE9YlpaWWFhYubm5Ghoanz59WvFoeXn5wYMHjY2Nlx/8/Pnzir+iuro6TEzM8PDw5cuysrKwsLAwMDCoqKjWrLwgEAguLi5kU0dHRwceHt63SF5sIV1dXdTU1Ldu3XJ1df2WwcS/nNnZWX9/f2xs7EOHDpmamm5sA2JjYyM2NjYODs7Zs2dxcHCeP3/e2trKwMBw9uzZkydPcnNzDw8P29nZUVBQ/J0zi2h+X4aHhx8/fszOzs7Pzx8WFvb582dbW1sXF5ev2nmiZm5uTk9PT1NTc80LB8Sa0pY9PT1eXl53796VkZExNTXd8onk35r29nZ8fPzlbq/T09PLL9MjIyNlZWUODg5sbGw8PDy8vLy3bt1SUVHR09Ozt7e3t7e3s7Oztra2tLR0c3MLCQnJyspC3abS0NCAdDi6d++eoqLiRjWqzc7O1tTUxMTE3L17V0hIiJ2dHbIMNDY2TkhIWP49cXV1BQCAiIjo8uXLmJiYxcXF7OzsHBwcG7INNKjZ+CAYBEE9PT1qaurlt1yLi4sXLly4evXqeu0Hz549AwBgPcGykZERcnJyqNIUEBBgY2Ozek1NTc2ZM2c+fPgAgmB3d7e0tPTqBNvS0pKSktKBAweqqqoKCgo4OTnXS05/+vRJVVUV6VhhZmb25s2bFS/FwcHBxsa24s5yYmLi5s2bFRUVyCNOTk5kZGSru/4LCgqePHmCYmY5MDAQaqIYHR3V1NQ8f/78dnAYXo/m5mZiYmJxcfHw8HAnJyf0rNU30tTUdOvWLQAAzpw5k5aW9r1PHxkZiYyMdHBwWNGIX1tbCwCArq5uRUUFUtxndHS0sLAwNzcXCnwHBwdbW1vRvyk0eXl5lpaWhoaGlZWVW70XVMzOzgYFBdHS0rKzsyMt5c3NzdecIf5etLW1ZWVlfyyPGx4eTkBAEBYWts0rdb8FBQUF//zzDzIYcHZ2FhISEhERkZGRERISYmZmJiEhgS40G/vTXlpa0tHR+RZDgPVYXFz88uVLVVWVr6+vlpYWHx8fKSkpFxfXnTt3nj59Wlpaul78Mzc3Fxsb+/Tp07q6urS0tIGBgaqqKrQo2+bwS4Lg5ubm1U3uLCwsAAA8ffp0zadAOdebN2+ueTff3NxMQkICfSeqqqrExMRW36y/fPmSnp4eeVxLS2v1ZIOJicnRo0ezsrJAEKytrRUUFFwdg/b29qqpqR04cODatWvI3YaEhKzI+EZGRmJhYa2+xYSmAJE6boODg+Tk5D+WwYXD4dra2gAAHDt2bMeOHai9M7aWyspKcnJySBDX2NgYRVsLmjVJSEiAWnTU1dW/cRIiPz/f2NiYh4dHQkLi+fPnK06vnz9/pqKi2ualAzRbQlZWVkhISF9fH/TP8vJyCgoKW1tbKyury5cvo5bx2Sp6e3vd3NwYGBiEhYVjY2OhO7dPnz75+/tviMafu7s7NJX/Y0+HxOmRP1I0P0lISAgGBkZ2djYIgl1dXSkpKY8fP/b29g4ODs7OzkYtt/rDjI2NcXFxlZWVfdezoMyCj4+PgYGBkJAQPz+/nJyclpaWn59fVlZWd3c3OsuwzfklQTAIgn5+ftAcG/KImJjYgQMHqKmp11TvUlFRERQUFBAQWNORpba2lpqaGnq12dlZSUlJZBoAib6+/vLZO3t7e2dn5+ULXrx4AQAAcjqtvb2diYlpxWj81NTUtWvXduzY8ejRo+VDaW1tbdzc3Mhk29zcHAsLi6qq6prfbwsLC0lJSej/jY2N8fDwfrjtcn5+3tfXV1tbOyws7MdeYRNISUk5fvy4lJQUCIJubm5FRUVbvaPfkqmpKX19fQAADh486O/vv163+sjISExMjKKiIg0Nze3bt1Gcsvv6+v4egxI0q6mtrfX09Hzw4AHy/DM0NASDwZiZmSHzCMi7y8XFhZGREVrg6Oj433//rVAx31ra29sdHBxISUnJycmXj1zn5eXp6Oj8ZBMwhJ+fHyMj4w/7Ynh7e/Pw8PDw8Cy/3qH5ScTExGhoaDbTx+fz58+MjIzNzc2ol01MTNTX1yckJNja2kpLS3NxcbGwsPDw8NjZ2WVkZHz69Akd9f5e/KogeGFhgZubm5eXF1ldsrS0lJKSEhYW5ufnX53uZWVlVVZWvn//vpqa2upXe/v2LTMzMzJ69vLyMjQ0XLGGgYHByckJ+c/k5GRBQUHk13F2dpaamlpcXBy5YGxsjIaGZrkhBRwOl5OT279//5q2HWpqasg2jKSkJGJi4vXuR9+8eXPhwoWOjo5Xr15hYGB81eLutyYgIODIkSNIFQLUViZovkpxcTFknc3Pz7/idFxUVGRmZsbNzS0vLx8cHLytIhU0W0tVVZWHh4elpSVS2D8sLIySktLFxQUGg3FwcEBKhQ8ePGBlZZ2bm5ubm7t16xYU+3769ImQkBBKKywtLcnLy4uJiW3hZ4EYGBgICAgQFBS8fPmyvLz8ixcvkINEi4uL6enpDg4OG6LuFxUVRUtL+2NKjuPj425ublZWVp8/f5aXl0f3QmwgfX19pKSkKioqm/aOdXV1VFRUq2czEAjEwMBAYmKivb29rKwsFxcXPz+/rKyss7NzZGRkbW3txspZoNlkflUQDIJgc3MzAQEBZAIMgmBkZOSNGzcKCgqOHj2qqam5YjEDA4OysvKnT5+YmZlXDx9kZmb+999/yKCzt7dXSEhoeYiAQCBoaWmfPXuGPDI1NbVcDCUvL+/AgQPLW3UXFxelpaWX78TX1xcAgBUTbEiqqqrOnTuXkJDQ0tJCSkpqbW293gefm5sTERG5ePEiFhaWhYXFest+d8bHx1VVVQ8fPgz1vcTHx1taWv7kbMoW8vbtWzMzMy0treLiYhAEBwcHPTw81NXVAwICftGwMArCw8NJSEgICAju37/f0tLy6NEjWVlZAQEBc3PzkpKSTd4Mmu3G3Nzc8jpVenr6jRs39PX1tbW1r127BsXBVlZWlpaW0AJLS0sqKqqhoaHKysqrV69C1bbu7m5KSkqo89LNzY2NjQ16za6ursuXL2+J1Fdvb29+fn5gYKCqqioZGRktLa2Ojs6KNuWZmZno6Gh/f/8NyRG+f//+8uXL31sBB0Fwfn6+rq7u0aNHmZmZS0tLPT09azbX/e40NDRkZGRERUV5eHjcv3//4cOHwcHBJSUly79+v47MzEwAAFCrnW4gDQ0NvLy8UAnuy5cvJSUl4eHhxsbGIiIi7OzsgoKCMBjs3r171dXV32IvgOZ34RcGwSAIZmVlYWBgQOfZtLS0vXv3fvjwAdLoXeGDwsjICIPBQBCUlZVdHV/W1tZeuXIFOcIJgqCNjY2MjAzynxMTExQUFLGxscufZWdnhxwylZGR4eTkXDFYFh0dffr06fz8/NnZ2dDQUAAAkHK/a2JnZ4eJiQkAAAsLC+raWU9Pz9OnT1fM0v1JIBCIW7du7dmzB3LJDg4OVlVVHRoa2up9/SCfPn0iICC4dOkSHR3dsWPHKioqVFRU9u7dy8LCsm/fPlNT01/31ouLi2tezsfGxigoKAAAICQkVFZWzsjIWC6pg+bvBIFABAUFcXFx8fDw6OvrQ3kBZWVlpIGOr68vISFhd3d3R0cHOzs7UqZQRUWFm5sbBMGysjJOTk7oXFpfX09KSgqJeTMxMSFlJV+9enXmzJnlvek9PT3FxcU5OTkVFRU9PT2Tk5PT09M/MKe7sLAwPT09OTnZ3t7+/v37nJwcHx8fOzs7PT09ISGhmzdv3rp1S0xMzMnJqbS0dPUd9eDgYGJi4rt37zYkAobD4SoqKj8wCNXV1VVaWpqXl4csThYVFQkJCW3nweXvYmFhIS8vT0VFhY+PT1NTMzw8/MWLFzExMV5eXm5uburq6lJSUl5eXssVPL8LOBz+jemSsLCw3bt36+jo/Golx7GxsRcvXlBQUGhrawsKCnJwcDAyMkpISPj6+ubk5LS3t29mYwaazeTXBsEgCOrr6+/du1dVVdXKygoAAOi23t/ff8+ePfb29lC7AhwOp6Wl9fX1BUEwPj6ehoZmRb63JHcAACAASURBVN9wTU0NPT398vpvR0fHpUuXkINrFRUVV69eXZFC/vTpEy0tbW5ubnFxMR4e3urR+9nZWTExsRMnTpCRkR07dkxeXh51XQOBQJSVlb18+fKHu8f+DOrr69nZ2YmIiCAhvJCQEBgMBvUX/qa8e/fu0KFDJCQkOjo6urq63d3dz549ExQUlJWV3blzJ2qflx9gYGAgJyenubm5trY2MDCwpqYmPz8feQvx5cuXoKAgVVXVW7duubm55ebmBgQEbLKDEZrtQ3p6urm5ORSr5eTk3Lx5s7CwsLi42NTUlJeXd2JiIicnR11dHUrOzc/Pi4uLQ+JK8fHxqqqqUGQ2Nzd348aNO3fugCD48OFDbm5uSKHJz8+PgoJidHS0tbWVhIQEORWnrKxMSUm5sLAwMjIiLS2Nh4fHy8vLx8dHR0cnJCQkICDAzs4ODWXKysoqKytraWlpaWnp6ekZGRm5uLjcvXvX3d3dwsLCwMDAzMxMV1dXSUlJSUlJREREQkJCRUVFRERESUnJxMQE0naIiorKyspqaWlZL9RYXFxMTExMTExsamraqB9sa2urgIDAdxWvhoaGysvLh4aGVvTCPX78WFZWdqM2tlUsLi62trZ6e3tLSEioq6tHRUWtaWW8uLj48ePHZ8+eKSsra2hopKamflVufwU9PT0iIiKrVUfXJCsr6+LFixcvXvTz80NxgV5cXBweHq6vr09KSnr8+LGLi4upqamxsbG1tbWurq6hoaGdnV16ejpy/cLCQmtra3R0tJmZmYyMDDMzMy8vr4aGhqura2RkZE1NzeZku9FsOb88CAZBMC4ujoSE5MCBAwoKCkhR0tDQ0AMHDggICPT29paXlx84cCAkJAQEwbm5OXp6+rt37y5/hZSUFC4urhVfyqqqKnJycijb6uPjc+XKldU34s+ePcPExNyxY8d6Kd75+fnXr1/r6uou//NAg4KamhpcXFxSUlJI1DkjI8PQ0PB3T1JOTk7a2dkJCgoSEhISEBCkpKRISkpSUFAYGBhgY2OvNn/5SSYmJmpqavT19QUEBDAwME6fPo2FhcXJyRkTE2NsbMzGxiYgIBAWFgZdnvv6+igpKbGwsNacGd1w0JW+bcLU1FROTo6uri4nJ6eJiQkFBYW5uXlhYeFyC3c1NTXIn1JfX9/T0xM62NfXh4+PD/VC2NvbIxvSmpubL168mJycDIIgJydnaGgoCIKLi4s3btyABnktLS0ZGRmhsygkuy4rK8vPzy8qKmpjY5OUlDQ6Ovrly5fe3t7GxsaMjIzXr1/HxcX5+Pjcu3fP0dHRxsYGBoMZGhrq6uqqqamZm5vDYDADAwMHBwcfH58XL15kZWVVVFQ0NjZ+/Pixr6/v24OMgYGBuLg4T0/PjdW0zs/PFxUV/a4ADrorWH3c0dFRR0dn47a22fT29gYHBysoKIiIiGhra0MCSl9ldnb21atXUlJSCgoKr1+//vZE+MLCgry8/OrBnvUYGRnR1dUlJSUlJSV1dXWF7pegX9zAwADUHvPo0SMDAwN9fX0LC4uHDx/Gxsbm5+dDQmPV1dXv378PDAykpKTU0dEJDw/X1tYWFhbm4eHh5uaWlpb28PCoqKhITU2F/ijQ/FVsRhAMgmBfX19xcfGKe+6EhITLly/T0NDg4+MTEBAg87iZmZnnz59fbpzx4sWLmzdvrj5pBgUFkZKScnBw4OHhIQuCy0EgEP7+/n5+fui7ug2hoKAAFxeXn58fEkHr7e3V1dXdkPGUraWiouL8+fOWlpY2NjYAABgYGBw6dOj69esBAQG7d++GhC82nKysLA0NjX379gHL+Pfff1+9erVCrLSrq0tFRQUPDw8Z6PwKUlNT2dnZycjIxMTEenp6SkpK5OXlb926hcJAC80vYmpqSkxMjJeXl5iY+N69eyAIdnR0UFBQREVF3blzx9HREVo2Ojp6/vz58PDw2dlZERERpLBoQ0PDxYsXU1JSpqamWFlZkUWw5ORkPDy8urq6np4eVlZWKO/b1dV19uzZuLg4OBz+33//QZq7o6Oj4uLihw4dQjocDQ8Pp6SklJaWbmbXU3d398jIyMePH3+FZmpDQ8P169c3pONfX18fyrL/XkxNTeXn55uamkpLS9va2mZlZa2Z+kXN0tJSbm6ulpaWhITECpMsFDQ1NV26dOm75hEHBgaeP3/OwsJy5swZLCys8+fPy8jIWFhYGBsbe3p6lpaWopBlcHNzu3XrFjMzMyEhoaqq6u3bt2/evLli/ufp06cSEhLfvh80fwabFASvx8LCQnx8vKmpaU1NzfLj5ubmdHR0SNVGPT29GzdurOnEk5ycLCIi4uLishnb3QoiIiIMDQ2/3YCtpaUlNjb2V8wpFxQUHDp0iIuLCzpRwuFwW1vbqKioDX+jzWdychIGgxEQEJCSkgoKCra0tFhbW+Pg4DAwMNy4cWO1D/aGsLi42NPTEx0dfe3aNWJi4kOHDu3evZuUlPTZs2dr/vo8PDwAANDU1PwVw8gzMzM0NDSUlJRmZmYAAJiZmUVFRUEWHmZmZhv+dmhQMDo6qqSkxMvLC4JgS0sLOzs71MKbmppKQECQnJzMy8uL1IhMSUk5d+5cR0dHVVWViooKUhQPWtzW1lZbWysgIIAcqHB3d4fSvTExMQwMDFAIGB0dTUBA0NraGhkZuW/fPiUlJVZWViUlpdbW1uUbm5ub+/z5c0FBQUVFRUtLy/j4+K/ogl1cXFxcXGxqavry5cuHDx9+3bTZzMwMFxcXCh/Tb0dSUnLNLMz2ZGhoKDEx0cHBQU1NTVVV9fHjxxui7J6WlsbLy2ttbf2N7YI6Ojo/1mnW2dnp6+uroaFx7ty5/fv3k5KSEhMTMzExqaioWFpaenl5vXz5srm5GRkwIBCI+/fv+/n5LRdyDgsLU1dXt7GxQaqmNjc3/xmXMzTfxRYHwesxODh49epVQUHB7u7ugoKCPXv2GBkZ/YXyew4ODpSUlAoKChgYGN+SkKuvr4ecdZiZmdfLTCAQiO9t4QJBMDk5GQcHR1tbG9n5kJWVZWtru4G/lPb29vT0dA8PDxcXl6dPnyYkJJSXl29mq3FbW1t9fT0yxKyrqxseHobD4b/U+2Nqaqq7uzs7Ozs7O/vZs2fp6emJiYl5eXlrDoK8ePHizJkzzMzMG94ivLCw8OTJE1lZWRERkd27d1tZWUVEROzfvx+pr4Jm04iKijp06NDVq1eh0TRXV1ctLS3oIWNjYyEhoaKiIh4eHmQKMyAggIeHB4FABAYGLr9jcXd3v379OgKByMzMFBYWRhbibt26BU0Me3l5qaqqQgfv3r1LRUV148YNDg6OmJgY1I4tg4ODo6OjJSUlX758qayshMPhU1NTP3lvBofDoaxHWlpaVVVVV1fXD2Qlv5fa2lomJqY1zZC/naWlJSEhodXeTNuNgYGBhIQEGAzGxcVlbm6ekpLyVU3c72VsbMzV1VVaWjowMPCrFYP+/n4KCorc3Nwffru3b98yMTFVVFQUFBS4ubkpKSkxMTGRkZGRkZGRkpLi4+MTERGxs7OrqKgYGxu7uro+ePDgyZMnL168iIuLy8zMDAsLs7Kycnd3Ly8vr66ubmpqamtr+/z5c29vL9rv6e9hmwbBIAi2tbVduHABqhHT0dH95Hlq2zI2NpaXl7dmTPPu3Tt2dnYoGZORkYGFhYXUPEJSXl7+5MmT9PR0qICuqqr64sULBAJRUFBAQUFhamq6IkgdHByUk5MTFhZ++fLlN8avcDhcX1//8OHDUFkWuW1TU9MN+aUsLCwkJCQoKCjs3bt3586dyMaAf/75599//z1z5oyJiUl+fv7Pv9HvwsjISGNj43oRQEtLCxsbGwYGxnpafj/G0NAQOTk5IyOjp6cnJiamnZ1deHj4vn37vrE7EM0GUl9fLyQkZGJioqSkBILgxMQEFxcX9CcwPT0tJibm5eXl4+OjpqYGJWKXlpZkZWUhEXQPDw9owhhCXl4eyii7uLgg8wj9/f00NDRQ9UxERARyXMvLywMAQEFB4bv6+xcXF6urq+Fw+KdPn/r6+np7ez98+IBAIJC5wImJCSi0XVhYGB4ehjbw8eNHqD9taWnp48ePUHQ+NjYGqQ0MDAxspihhQEAACwvL8+fPf7gbfm5ujoeHZ3s67fX09BQVFT179szOzk5dXd3Q0PDly5cfPnz4pW/a3Nzs5OQEg8FsbGwqKyvXLOFC3Lt3j5OT82eEF/z8/CQkJCBxX2Q7e29vb2Vl5cuXL4OCgu7du6erq6uqqsrLy8vKynrlyhVycnJycvILFy5QUlLS0dGRkZFRUFBcuHDh0qVLNDQ09PT0VFRUFBQUXFxckpKS0NUHxUdA87uzfYNgEAT7+voSExPfvHnz+2pvoaaqqoqampqQkPDMmTNubm4rHnV2dl5u/5GRkbFz504rKyvkkZCQEGpqaiEhobNnz3JycpaVlXl5eSG7n3t7ezk5OW/evFlRUYGMd/38/G7evBkYGHju3Dk2Nrav5lkHBgY4ODhISUnz8vKWH6+rq5ORkSkrK/tho1GI6upqfn5+HBwcACW4uLhv3rz5U2+Evpe5ubnbt2/v3LlzAxU0W1tb9+3bd/r0aVFR0V27dt2+fTsyMhIAAHR9cEuwt7e3sLDQ0NB48eIFCIIFBQXS0tJQsNja2nr16tXs7GxjY2M/Pz9o/fj4ODMz84MHD0AQVFVVRYozjo+P09HRaWtrgyCorKzs7u4OHX/79i0ODk58fHxSUhIWFpaIiAgREdHP9L1AxaXZ2dm5ubmZmRlkH0VxcTHU9zk5OVlQUACFO9nZ2VDEubS0NDIyAkUYS0tLK1rhN42MjAw5OTkeHh4rK6v4+Pg1PU1R0N/fz8LCslyEfguBRIsTExPd3Nzu3LmjrKysp6fn5eVVXl6+yTOvX758CQ0NVVNT09PT8/PzS0lJKS4uLi0tbW9vn52dRX5hrl+/vtwI8AeIjo6GmvTGx8fhcHh1dfX09DSKMsLi4uLS0tLi4iJUfIDKGp2dnTU1NVVVVTU1NUlJSTExMUFBQfr6+oyMjLi4uIyMjFFRUT9QQUWz/dnWQfCfTVtbGysrq5mZWXNzs729/f79+5enWhcXF5WUlF6/fr38KbGxsefOnZOUlExLS1taWlJTU4Oq1fX19WJiYidPnvT29p6bm0Ou7+npgcFgTExMCgoKmZmZIAjq6OhAyhvV1dVERETXrl1bbZCDpKSkhJyc/Nq1a6vHFxAIxLNnzzQ0NB48ePBjp4bBwcGQkJBr165dvHhRUFBQTExMWFiYiIiIkJDw2LFj//zzDwAAkLLHv//+e/z48cePH+fm5vb3929CkfS3wNfXd9euXerq6j/WkdLd3b18UHVpaSkyMlJcXNzQ0PDBgweRkZFVVVWGhoZIoVk0m0lvby8HB4eLi4uoqCgkDWlqaurh4QE9mp6eTk1NXV1draysjDR6aG5uvnDhQkVFxcDAgICAALKfYXBwkJSU9P79+/Pz88LCwshYLSAgAAAAampqPT298PDwxsbGX/FB4HD47yKwWldXZ29vLyQkxMrKqqioaGNjEx4e/u7du/b29pGREcigZM2Wj66uLjY2ti10cEQgEG1tbdnZ2W5ubjo6OrKysjY2NrGxsZWVld8b0P8K3r17FxAQYGhoaGRkJCMjo6ioKCQkJCwsLCcnZ2JiQklJSUZG1tXV5ejoqK+vr66ubmxsbGpqamJiYmdn5+Hh8ezZs5CQkNDQ0IiIiBcvXuTn5zc2NjY0NDQ0NPT09EA28hwcHMslJmdmZgoLC6urq/Py8jo7O8vLy9+9e9fb2zs+Pg7F39/+tYTD4a2trYaGhmfOnOHk5PzL1VH/SNBB8K+ipqZGQkKClZU1Ozt7zQU6OjpILw8QBIODgwEAQFaf5+fnRUREICuK5bS3t4uJiR05coSFhQXZ0Q/x+PHj06dPk5GRQSpISLq6uvz9/c+dO2drayshIYEs23V3d+Ph4QkKCq453eLk5ISFhWVubr48ql5Bbm7uj+kVhIaGSkpKcnFx2dnZQYO9CQkJNTU1ERERwsLCVlZW4eHhQUFB9vb20dHRgYGBGRkZ09PTIyMjfX196CAYSWho6MGDB1VUVBITEw0NDT09PSsqKr6qe4pAIB4+fMjHx9fW1rY5+0TzAyQmJsrIyJibm0N3raOjo7KyskiVXG1tbQUFhcrKSi0tLeRd6NOnT2loaCYmJuLi4nh4eJB/Ka9fv96/f39lZWVWVhYkMmVubs7IyEhPT789i/hbS11dXXh4uKOjo5KSkrS0tISEhJiYmIyMjLS0tJSUFAwGs7CwcHZ29vDwCAsLy8zMDA0N5eTkHB8f31gFNxTMzMx0dHQUFBQ8f/7c1NTU3NzcxMTk7t27/v7+lZWVm7aNH2NpaamlpaWwsDA+Pj4kJOTp06fMzMzW1taxsbFBQUHe3t6Q3pmrq6urq6u9vb22traOjg4MBtPQ0IDBYOrq6rq6uhISErdu3VJQUDAyMpKUlFyzsXhpaQkqL4yPj1dWVtbU1HR2dn78+PHz5881NTX19fXI7vP6+vqysrLu7u7GxsaJiYmxsbGJiQmoTNrf3w/pGbe2tpKSkiJ76NH8MaCD4F9Ceno6Pj6+iIgIVOsPCAhYsQCS4VxRa9bS0sLGxkYGvlJSUivCXCRpaWni4uJERETL+yVAEGxvb5eXl9+7dy/U57ecmJiYf//9FyqYIgkKCsLBwVkRDLW3tysqKp44cQLpRbImnZ2dbGxs4eHh35UC6evr8/Dw4OHhefjwYUhISG1tbWVlZVNTE1QJnZ6elpKSgiys0HwLWVlZhw8fJicn9/HxsbW1ha4Q3t7ekHfuat6/fy8lJcXOzp6dnY2u7m1zjIyMnJycjIyMoCbO4OBgqLEBBMHJyUk2NrYnT57Y2tout9g0MTFRUVEBQdDKykpTUxNZJXB0dITOSLS0tKKioqKiog8ePEALR36Vqamp4eHhnp6ezs7Oz58/Q/FTbm5ucnLyvXv3bt++raKiwsrKqqGhERUVRUVFpa2t/ejRo+Dg4MLCwg3UtZienq6trX316tWDBw+0tLTExcWlpaXl5OQg0dze3t7f168eBMHc3FxqaupvXLy0tDQ9PT0+Pj42NjY0NDQ0NPRdEiWQQ+f8/PzCwsLk5OTo6Gh3d/fAwEB9fX1/f39ra2tHR0dJSUl/fz9UBJufn0em/4uKivDw8H6FWh+aLQQdBP8SpKWlkbpajo6OAACsMOesrKykpaVd0ZKLQCC0tLSOHz8uJCRUVlZmbGyMevjpzZs3R48eRRZJkbi4uBw8eHD1MBkHB8fylmIQBLu6ui5fvrxckrm4uJiUlJSenv6rCo7v379XVFQ0MDDQ09NTVlZ+9erVV+vyfX19MBjMyMgoNjZ2+ezL8sqUtbX1ik2iQc3bt2/JyMiIiYnr6+tBEKypqQkODobBYPLy8klJSch66MLCgp+f39WrV+/du4eOfn4LGhsbOTg4DAwMrK2tl5aWFhYWYDBYfHw89GhdXR0ZGVlaWpqYmFhJSQl0cHZ2VkBAwMvLCwRBOTk5fX39lpaW4uJiAwMDAADs7Ox+hb7eX05SUpKmpmZ/f39RUVFoaKi1tbW+vr6UlBRkOamrq/v69etvLKNPT093dHQUFxdHR0f7+fl5e3vfvXvX1NQUSoVaWVndv3//9evXlZWVf1JBDIFASEpK2tnZbfVGvsL09DQ9PX1YWNhWbwTNRvIXBcELCwvR0dGenp7R0dE/HwS0trauN1XW2dnJycm53EJCW1t7165dDx8+RA6ZRkREcHBwrHkLm5+fr6KiIicnZ2NjY25ujnobL1++xMDAKCoqWnGciYmJiYlpRVTq4eFBS0u7fJRtenqajo4OSkgvLS0FBgZiYWHp6emhaIFYDnRTPjY2lpycrKCggDrzUVhYKCEhcffu3bGxMRQ5yMTERCEhIXSU9l10dHTQ0tJiY2Mje2+mp6dTU1Pv3r2rrKwcGxsLOY0JCAisEORGs80JDw/n4ODg4uKCfnG1tbXc3NzIAMjJyUlWVrauru7WrVvIu52enp4LFy64ubmpqakBAEBCQkJKSsrFxZWQkLBlH+OPJioqCpmhX057e/urV68cHR2vXbvGxMR0586d3Nzc1ZPEk5OTlZWVwcHBlpaW/Pz8IiIi4uLicnJyLi4uQUFB6enpDQ0Nf/ytS2lpKTExMYoBlQ3kh+cv5+fnWVlZIWtbNH8Mf1EQ7ObmRk1Nra2tTU1NLSwsjFSPX5PCwkJ5eXkbG5vl8tpIHj9+zMDAwM7OLiMjs7qxsqysTFBQcIXOa3Bw8KVLl9jY2CA7XE1NTTExMRSp09nZ2dzcXBERka/WeiQlJenp6VecW728vHbu3LlC7PPdu3e7d++GskRI5OXlxcTE2traBAQEzp49+2NqAN3d3fr6+iiC4NDQUAMDg/r6+unpadSfaGpqioWFBekFgOYbmZyc1NXVPXTokLq6+vK0U3l5+eXLlyHjsRXeB2i2P4uLixoaGhYWFnZ2dtCdoY+Pj7KyMnQhn5+f5+Licnd3f/z4sZqaGlRRqampISYmJiEhsbOzKyoq+vDhw9DQ0F8osr5peHp6rtb2Wc709PTbt2+dnJykpaXZ2NhsbW1LSkpqamqCgoJkZWXl5eXl5eVNTExCQ0Ohuca/U5BLWVn5F9kSrcDFxQXpufhdzMzMCAsLl5aWbviW0Gwhf0sQ3N/fT0dHV1xcDILg2NiYvLw8PT39esprlZWVioqKT58+1dPTIycnz8jIWP5oWloaPz9/XV3dp0+fYDAYPj4+JLyApLy8XEREZLUezdDQkJeXl729fUdHh4yMjIyMDOor0/z8vLi4+FeFWuvq6s6cOYMcEodIT0/fv3//Cp+5L1++HD9+fP/+/dA0TE9PT3V1tZ6eHgAA2NjYcnJyP2yAXFhYKCMjs+ZDc3NzT58+ffTo0be3DltbW3+7rTya5Tx58oSIiIiEhCQuLg76dkEazFAyycbGZkVbDprtT1lZmYiIiIGBAdT4tLS0JCEhgbyVbW1tJSMjMzU1PXbsGBsbGzc3NxMTk4uLy5p372h+BYqKit8u8pWTk6OoqEhOTr5nzx4hIaH09PQNN775TWlubqalpf0uI+Ufo7a2louLS0JC4nulV6empiQkJNC/rz+MPyEIXlpaamhoQF1JKSgoEBYWRvaezs3N0dDQqKmprbn4zp07yMDX09Pz5MmTy2/+tLW1l8vRq6urHzp0aLlIZGZmJhMT05qOX0hkZGTY2Ni+OpkEue+gXgOCIB8f34oJuczMzMOHD682W2ZjYzt8+PD169eTk5Ozs7Pv3btHQ0Nz9erV4ODgr74LCt6+faupqbladGZxcfH+/fuOjo7fNYP19u1bPj6+7xLtR4Okp6eHm5v7n3/+YWNjKygoWN573d3dDYPBtLW1/6SGwr8BCwsLc3NzNTU16JZ4eHiYmZk5Pz9/cnLy1atXZ8+eFRcX9/PzCwoKSkpK+lNV1bctWlpa6enp3/WU9vZ2Y2NjTk5Od3f3zTTF3Oa4urpKSUltwhtNTk5KS0vT0dF9lzJgWVkZMzPzT0rjo9lu/PZBMBwOt7e3FxcXZ2dnh8Fg64XCgYGBt2/fXn4kNTV1165dq0sbhYWFd+7cWV6yV1JSOn/+PJTZhWZTlv/lwOFwXV3dEydOREdHQ1FgXFwcFRUV6q5WDw+PS5cufbU5qaur69SpU1815PTx8WFkZFweaA4MDBATE9+/fx95ZHp6uqCggIGBQUBAQFlZmYWFhZ2d/eLFi87Ozj8fEnV3dzs7Ow8PD6847uvr+wOpx8nJSTk5uRX2HGi+HQQCYWNjs2vXrl27dikoKCQkJCyvOUB3Vlsoa4rme/n8+bOIiMijR48kJCTy8/MLCgqoqKiOHz/Oysp68+ZNf3//rd7g3wsCgRATE/sxY8W2tjZra2tRUVFTU9OYmJjKysrfWuQBYnp6empqanJycmRkZGJioq2trbm5GVL2raqqKisry8nJyc/PLyoqysrKys3NLSoqysvLKysrS0lJuX//PgYGRkFBwezs7Js3b1JTU7Ozs+Pi4uLj4+Pj41+9epWYmJienp6SkvLq1avQ0NCAgIDExMSUlJT8/HxI9ayxsbGxsbGtra27uxuy8p6amlovn+Lj40NNTb06VbQevr6+IiIiG/ejQrMt+D2CYBTBYkVFhZyc3MzMTGNjo6CgIC0tLaTqtwJlZeUVFSsEAsHOzi4vL79ipZWVVVJS0vIj09PTV69ehTR9IbXOzs7OFc9ydHQkJSVlZGQ0MjKKioq6ceMG6kRmbm7ugQMHvqW7yMzMjIuLC7Wyd2FhIQ0NzYoMkJycnKio6MLCwocPH+rq6l6/fp2VlRUQEEBCQnLlypW9e/dKSkpuVGVnbGzMxcVlxY8lOTnZ09Pzx6Ty7e3tUbfZofkqqampBAQEAADg4OAICws7ODhAl4qwsDAbGxspKSl0rv03IjExUVZWlp+fHxcXFx8fX1BQsLy8vLKyEvWN9NzcHFoI75cyMzPDz89fWVn5w6/Q19cXFBRkaGgoJiYmKysLg8EcHBySkpLq6+uHh4e3ykVvBZCm2Pj4eHd396dPn1pbW9+/f5+amhoQEGBtba2srCwjIyMuLn7lypWzZ8+ePn367Nmzp06dwsPDO3ToEBYW1uHDh48fP3748OEjR47s2bNn3759hw4d2rNnz969ezEwMA4ePIiBgbFjx449e/bs2bNHUlKyo6Pj1KlT//77LyYm5oEDBw4cOHDw4EHIOAnyUUKya9cuAAAwMDCwsLCOHDmCiYl59OhRHBycEydOXLhw4dy5c6f/j707j4dy+x8A/lwVxb2pKCoVLdcSSYslpFAqEiGyRVJZWmRrUZasiaRFKCq5WbKUEsoa0diy7/uSnbHPs89RgAAAIABJREFUmJnn98fz+nr5qRjMmKHz/it65jyHe5v5POd8zuezbh0bGxsXF5eQkJCoqKiioqKqqqq2tvaVK1d8fHwUFBQgCEKq3WMwmAnOq/T09Bw6dMjDw2MWf+vAbJgDQbCHh8fBgwcvX778y/p8Dg4Ozs7Oo1+amZnx8fH9HNupq6u/efNm3DeTk5NZWFjGVqXNzs42Nzf/eRG3uLh4zZo1169fLyoqkpaW/jkIhmH4x48fT548cXR0fPfunbKy8tht6J91d3dv3rz5xIkTE1yD6O3tlZaWtra2nuCazs5OUVFRpHvcqKKioi1btiAPyt3d3TgcLjExUVtbG+mPSvJih97e3kiJLkRMTExsbOy0P4Dj4uKUlJTA5/cMVVdXnz9//sCBA5aWlqdOnZKRkdm9ezdSVtbGxkZXV3fipB2AqggLC4uJicXHx9fU1Hh5eRGzapiUlASyI8iqvLz88OHDJGkkhsFg2traEhMTkZrfampqampqKioqFy5csLOzCw8Pn53dGwKBgMFgqqurnz59am1tra6ufuDAAVFR0f3792/fvn3t2rXLly9fuXLl4sWLGRgYeHh4tm3bJigoeODAAUVFRWVlZX19faR8sqGh4dWrV2/duuXj4/PgwQM/P7+XL1+Gh4dHRESEhYW9ffv23bt3ERERERERHz58CA4Ojo6O/vr1a2pqqpiY2OPHj0tKSmJjY1NSUgoKCnJycvLy8lJTU1NSUpCF4U+fPqWlpeXk5CQkJCAjhIaGPnnyxMvL68mTJw8fPrx7966bm9utW7csLCwsLCwuXbqk9j+Kiory8vJHjx4VEREREBBYvXo1BEF6enoJCQmmpqa6urrGxsZI76HHjx97eHiYmJjo6Ohs375dVFQUdIybfygcBA8PD08cLHp4eEhISFy/fp2bm5uJiWm0HOYoAwODcRvu586d4+LiGvdojnTV+nl8dXV1cXHx0X18Nze33x1xSElJ4eHhcXBw0NbWnjj/OD09XVpaetIcA1NTUwiCftfUYKyMjIyVK1fevn17gmuUlZVHj9a2trY2NDT4+fkhHYn7+/vfvXsnLi7OwcGhpaVVWlo66R2nqrGx0dbWtqWlBYZhAoFQXl7+4cOHmRxI7+vr27NnT0xMDOnm+Oe6efOmjo5OZWUlFottaWkZ/e+ip6cHSjLPIQcPHhztrO7t7W1mZjbpU2JfX9/g4CCIg8knNzf3+PHj5ChhNjAwUFVVlZmZGRIScvPmTSUlJWlpaU1NzeDg4Cm1h5hUR0dHTk7O+/fvXV1dtbS0uLi41qxZs2zZMiYmpk2bNm3btu3QoUOGhoY3b9708PAICwtLT08vKyurqKiorq5Gch6GhoZIWH7k5cuXmzdvJrJM50wMDAx0dHS0tLQUFxcrKyvLy8v7+/sfO3Zsx44dnJycPDw8XFxcgoKCfHx8srKyXl5eE8cqwBxFySA4NTVVQUHh4MGDt2/f/uWmz/v37w8fPoycG+jp6Tly5Ag/P/+4qgu6urrjqjfAMGxvb8/BwWFraztaB01VVfWXxb/6+vpUVVV37NgREREBw7Ctre24MgtjFRcXZ2dn6+jo5OXlTfBzNTY2ioiITNr2rLGxUUBAgJeXl5jutfHx8dzc3Gpqar9M9oBhODExkZubOzMzE0muysnJaWpq8vb2pqGhWbdu3datW69cuTKuYhoJvX371s7ODobhoaEh5Ol85mOam5tfunRp5uMAMAx/+PDBwsLC1dV17GISGo1WVVUF5WPnClVVVTk5OeTPg4ODmpqaDx8+HHsBFov9OXRAo9HBwcHg9NXEMjIyxp0tJlJaWhoxhSxJorq6Ojw8XE1NzcbGZiZBZ39/f0NDw8ePH69cuSIuLr5x48YVK1b8/fffbGxsUlJSp0+fvn//fmRkZEFBAUXCPjwer6qqOvGiDzk4ODgICwt///4dhmECgYBGo9vb26kkHQUgH7IHwQQCobq6+ud/S93d3aqqqiEhIcnJyQICAmOPcCHweLyRkdHY5dv6+vply5aNW7vS1NQcl8KL+Pz5s5ycnLS0tK2tbUNDg6am5u8avQwMDNy/f19OTi41NdXCwmLSEi2ampoPHjyY+BpFRUUDA4OJr4FhuLq6mpOTc+XKlYGBgZMu6lRXVx8+fHjDhg3jinUPDw83Nja+e/eOgYFBV1cXeeeKjIw8evQoJyennJzcq1evampqJp3MTHz69An5CEGj0QUFBST5SEhPT5eTk+vt7Z35UAAMw11dXV5eXkZGRo8fPx7995iQkCAiIkLC/q4A+cTGxtLR0Y0+YTY1NR07dmzs5lhdXV1aWtq48IhAIJSUlHh5eYE4eAIuLi6WlpbTeGFERISuri7J5zOBwcFBNTW1qZYSq62tDQ8Pv3r1qry8vICAwLJlyxgZGYWFhY2NjR0cHIKDg/Py8mZh8ZVI+fn53Nzcs1AubZyIiIjdu3f/3IQVmMfIGwT39fUZGxuvX7+em5t7XBGZN2/emJubI38OCwvj4OAY9x5dXV1tbW09bpvJ1tZ26dKlY1NyVVVVnzx58rsJ1NTUODo6fv78+dSpU+OaRIyDxWI7Ojq0tbUnrZly69YtNTW1ia+5ffv2ihUrJu7HgaioqDh8+DAEQQoKCmNzan/p4cOHEAStXr3a2Ni4p6fny5cvCQkJDQ0NUVFRfn5+pqamdHR0ly9f5ufn37hxo7q6+mj/MHJLS0szNTWtra0lYY7p8PDw0aNHExMTSTUgMXp6eiorK9PT08PCwvz8/F68ePHw4UNbW1tLS8sLFy48e/YMOY2UlZVVXFxcWFhYUlLS3t7e2tra0tLS1dXV19dXVlZWWVnZ19c3NDQ0NDSEx+Opqk8BGo1GqkOMxlKKiorgDOKcQCAQlJSUBAQERos0xcfH6+jojGZzYbHY+vr6X+5BFRYWfvjw4Y9txDAxDAajpKQ0tswl8by9vWe/qLmurm5JScmklw0ODmZlZbm6uoqLiyNH0zZs2LB///7bt29HR0eXl5dTc2NOfX19PT292b9vZmamgIDAjRs35n2XPgBB3iD46dOnpqamKBTKxMRk48aNYxtWubi4jC7NDg0NcXFxjaa7IRISEhwdHccN2NXVxcvLOzYG1dTUnLS3MAzDt27dGlci7Zdu3LgxaSRaVFS0Z8+e36UlIGpra1euXHnw4EFiFjJxOJy7u/v69etZWFg8PT0neByvrq7es2ePs7OzlJQU8htDeqW2t7cHBQXt37+fjo5u37597u7u0257MT3//fefh4cHGo0m7bagtbU1+ZJWe3p6GhsbU1NTX7169ezZs1u3bl25cuX69evXr183MzO7du3akydPwsLCAgICHj9+7Ovr6+vr6+Li4ubm5ujo6OTkdO3aNWNjYwMDAzMzM3Nzc1NT04sXL5qYmOjr6587d87S0vLGjRuXL182MjI6f/781atX7e3tvb29AwMDQ0JCYmNjMzIy8vLyamtrKbL6kpWVhfykLS0twcHBvLy8P/d2AajQwMDA9u3bNTU1R7/j5+enqKg49uGzsLAwMTHx58fRoaGhuLi4pqam6RVsmceQ+q/TqxRpbW199epVkk/pd3A4nKmp6bVr1373HxGHw9XX1/v6+qqpqe3cuZONjY2Pj09bWzswMDAzM5Oao95xGhsbeXl5p/dkMkMdHR0aGhqSkpLk3kEFqAF5g+DTp0+PPrCKiYmdPXsW+fPIyIiJicnYRb7z588fOnRobEpAYGBgYGDgz2MmJCTQ09OHhoYiX6qrqxPzHhQRESEtLT1pfs+NGzfG1Vj4JUVFxXEh+89ev34NQdDBgwd/rp77s8LCwtu3b1tbWzMxMe3fvx8Jbcdpb2+PiooSFRUVERGprKzk5uY2MDBISEg4ffo0GxsbNze3vr5+UlISRSoq3Lp1a4Jc6mlLT08/evQoScLErq6ujIyMuLi4p0+furm5WVhYXL58+dKlS+bm5ra2thERESgUqra2tqenZ3BwcILVMjwej8PhRkZGhoeHBwcHBwYGent7+/r6+vr60Gh0T08PUpYS+XN3d3dnZ2dnZ2dXV1d1dfXnz5+joqJevnzp7u5uZ2d3/vz5ixcvmpub29vbW1paPnjwICYm5peFR8gBj8e/efNGTU3Nw8Nj3bp1wcHBs3NfYIaSkpL++uuvsf16kCP8o48xBAKhoKDAxsbm58MGGAymt7cXVOAex87ObtoNe+3t7ZECW7OgqKhIR0fnzJkzvzzpWFVV5e7ujiz6rlmzZv/+/ba2tt+/f5+dfGVy8PDwmHTTlUywWKyZmZmgoCAxJ9eBOY2MQXB7e7uWltZo986YmBh6enokg62jo+PWrVsNDQ2jF+fm5nJwcIzd4nFxcfldcQA3Nzd2dvbk5GQYhi9dunTt2rVJJ1NWVsbPz19eXj7xZX5+fkZGRpOOFhUVJSAgMGmO3e3btyEI2r9//9gl8F9qaWlRVFS8cuVKWlra1q1bhYSERkPnHz9+tLS0fPz4MSIiIj4+Pjc3FylaLCkpSUNDIywsrKenFxkZOfaXOZuGh4e7urqMjY3JUeZ9eHhYXl4+NTV1Gq+tqalJSkry9/d3cnK6fv26vb29q6vr48eP/f39o6KikpOTCwsLKd5atqOjIzMz8+vXr3FxcVFRUU+ePHFxcbG3t7e1tX3y5Mnbt29zcnLIulRcUlKip6dHQ0Mzm6tZwAzduXMHgqDRA8EEAsHR0fHo0aNjc7ubmpq8vLzc3d3HVYPG4XAdHR2dnZ25ubmzOmlqNTw8fOjQoV8eLCGGubn5LATBtbW1Dg4OR44c+fl4d0FBgbOzM9I8ZfXq1erq6pGRkfNjCbO7u1tISGiq3fhIKCgoiIODA7San9/IGATn5+dfunRp9CMci8UKCgoii8E1NTUmJiZjUwWwWKykpKShoeHod6ysrCZow2Ntbc3Ozu7l5XXhwgVjY+NJJzM8PLx//36kgsEEKioq+Pj4Jq2hi8ViDxw4cODAgUnThlxdXSEI4uTk/PLly8RXVlVVsbKy3r59G41G//vvv2pqatXV1f7+/p8+fWptbUWyAIuKijw9Pbm4uJYsWaKgoBAUFETZDkMEAqGwsPDjx4/jTqmTkJWVlaurK/HXNzc3e3p6njx5UkdHx9TU9P79+x8/fmxpaenv758TVYeHh4fRaHRtbW1SUtKdO3c0NDS0tLQePHhAvob1TU1NzMzMGhoaZBofIDkCgaCurs7ExDS2EKSfn5+uri6yNIAYGBgICAiIiooKDg4et3aIwWBA62xETk6OrKzstN9IDQwMRrclySErK+vmzZunTp2ytrYeu4jT2dnp5+cnKSnJxMTEzs6uqqrq6+vb1NREvplQhL+//8GDBymYnvvp0ydhYWFzc3PQLXm+ImMQnJqaamVlNTYDISgoaMuWLQMDA4WFhWpqauM2nSMiIhYtWjTaw/DixYsTPwJmZGTcvXvXyMiImJYTMAzb2tru2LFj4r0hPB5vbm6urKw86WgZGRnLli07f/78pFf6+/uzsrLS09Pb2tpOXLDz/fv3S5cu9fHxqaqq+ueff44dO4Ycj62rq/P29paRkeHl5RUVFXVxccnLy6N4SPfjxw88Hj84OOjs7Hzv3r2SkhJ/f/8rV648f/78l+kc05OUlCQvLz9ppZ729vbw8PCbN2+eOXPGxsYmMDBwfrQFHhkZSUpKevz4saOj482bNx8/fjylZvdEkpSUJPIfEUAlBgYG9u7du379+rFbQPHx8Xp6enFxcWN3D/r7+11dXa9evTpxYcc/louLy6SLI78zODh4/PjxSTcYpyc6OvrWrVsaGhp37twZe/YxLi5OX1+flZWVnZ1dSUnp3bt386DZ8u9gMBgJCQknJycKzqG5uVlJSUlKSopM/6EByiJjEJyenu7o6Dg2f39kZOTAgQMmJiafP38+ffr0zy+xsrJiZ2dHDszdunXr06dPk94lOTl59+7dxEQ8dXV1a9as+WXLjLG6u7v37t17/vz5SVOpIiIiVqxYcebMmUlLIlRUVGhrazMwMOzYsWPsUs3PTp48CUFQcXHxjRs3eHl5379/r66uzsHBISIiYmlpSY6822kYHBxsbGysqalBAvGIiIhTp04ZGBhcvXr106dPCgoKv6tGNw09PT379u37uRQ0Ao/Ho1AoNzc3JLv37du3xGRgz0XDw8OVlZWurq6Wlpaenp6BgYEk7PknISFBTBYQQFVaWlo4ODiEhITGvlNhMJiYmJi0tLRxb4k1NTV2dnZfvnyhVN4UdSIQCIcOHSLmg+aXWlpaFBQUJu6dNA0JCQlIC+WxCYGVlZV2dnbs7OwMDAxCQkJPnz4lpvrQPBAfH8/Ly0vZRQ0CgeDi4sLDwzPttBmAapExCI6JibGyshpXHyozM5OZmdnQ0PB3JR0iIyPXr19vZWUVEBAQGRk56V0GBgb4+Ph8fHyImZKCgoKiouKklxUVFbGzs585c2bSK1NSUpiZmXl4eCbI3EC8f/9eXFxcUlKSmZl5XLE2DAZTVVWVkJBw9+7d06dP79ixQ0xMzNLSEoIgNja2CxcufP36lXp61SBlR8eF452dnci5497eXmVlZdJmpCFVF8Z9s66u7s6dO0i7Tnt7+y9fvvwh27tDQ0Nfv3598+YNUnoiODh44kIlk+rr62NlZSUmsR6gNllZWQwMDNra2uOe2AsKCgIDAxsaGsZuxA0NDdXU1MTHx6NQqOrq6rl7XoqEcnJyZGRkpl2MvKmpSUVFhYRJCPHx8ZaWlgYGBkjzJhiG0Wh0ZGSktrY2MzPzunXr9PT0iDm6Pc+cPXvW2tqa0rOAX79+vX37di8vL0pPBCAlMgbB//333y+zdf38/K5cuTJBZfLs7GwfH5+nT5/+XCLtl06ePGlmZkbMlYWFhevWrSMmhaukpISfn19dXX3Sdm45OTkKCgrLly8/d+7cBMFfTU0NPz//qVOnvLy86Ojonj17BsNwdHR0ZmZmZWVlaGhofHz88PDwjx8/dHR0IAjas2ePubk5McUgZ9Pw8HBJSUlBQcEvkzHS0tJOnTr1y5oeMxEfH6+oqDi6w5udnX316tWDBw+Ki4uLi4traWmdP3/eyMjo9OnTZmZmVlZWTk5O3t7eISEh379/b2hooJ7nB9IaHh5OSEiwt7c3Nzd3cnIKDQ0lpvXgz0pLS9euXfvmzRuSzxCYBVFRURAE/dxea2hoqLa29pf7TjU1Nd++fYuNjcViseOOzf1p7t27N5M9kJKSEllZWZJ0pW5qajp9+vTJkydHa3dER0fr6+szMjIuWbJEUlIyICBgvr6VTaqoqIibm7u0tJTSE4GLi4u3b9+up6dHPY1FgBkiYxAcHR39c+IvIiwsTEVFZeKs1pSUFGIq+8IwHBgYuG3bNiLzokxNTTk4OIhZNSwrK9u8eTMrK+vvilSMlZaWtmvXLnZ29t9t3MMwnJKSsnTp0tDQ0JcvX65fv/7EiRN37twZXUXo7e199OjRzp07paSkwsPDqfD9DslP/V3JmM+fPx89enR0AYOEhoaG5OTkvnz5gkajL126dPjw4WfPnpWWliKFydrb26urq8vKykpKSlAoVFxc3LNnz+zt7S9evKivr6+goCAjI6Ourm5ra/vs2bOsrKyWlhaSz5Cyent7v3379urVq5s3b164cOHOnTsoFIr492gfHx8eHh7QNG7uCgoKWrJkyc+7YSMjI8jbSEJCQmtr69isLRwO19PTU15ejjTXyMnJIUkkN7fg8fgTJ04Q8/b+O9++fVNRUZlhPEQgEB49enTs2LGAgAA0Gv39+/ebN29ycnJCEMTBwXH16tW0tLSZjD8/XLp0aZY78/1OU1PTiRMn5OXl50cJDoCMQfC3b99kZGR+eaYyLCxMUVFx4iC4pqZGX1+fmM/m1tZWHh6e9+/fEzOrjo4OYWFhIlswIFXeFi1adOPGjUnjZn9/fwiCmJmZR8/2/UxbW5uRkbGnp8fd3Z2enh5JJissLLxx4wY7O7ugoKCfnx/VNitPT0///PnzL/ufVVVVnThxgoRZquOYmpo+ePAgMzPT2NiY+Ay84eHh3t7enJyciIgIGxubM2fOyMnJnThx4tKlS+7u7h8/fiwqKqLa3/Y0DA8PFxYWenh4XLx40cXFxcvL6/379xM/TXV2dgoJCV25cmXWJgmQw927dyEI+l3nv7a2tsbGxsePH3///n3s95F34JaWltTU1JSUlBnm1UwVHo/v7e1taWkpLCwsLCz88uXLixcvXr9+7ePjc//+/Xv37nl6erq7u3t5eT18+NDDwwNpWOPn5/fs2bOgoKCUlJS0tLT6+vqWlpa+vr5pHBT+/v27uLj4TJYbnj9/rq2tPe2XwzD848cPfX19ZWXlz58/BwYGCgoKQhBES0srLS0dEREB2vuNam1tFRUVJd9HzFQZGhpu3rw5PT2d0hMBZoqMQXBFRYWEhMQvi+m+fftWSkpq4pojWCxWT0+PyBqxLi4uBw4cIPItIycnZ8OGDUTWtSEQCL6+vv/888/OnTsnfvJra2vbv3+/hITE1q1bkV3IsrKyHz9+1NbWNjU1+fn5mZiY6OrqCggInD17FovF7ty5c+fOnfLy8kjNh6CgIGru2tXV1fX169ffhYwmJiZ+fn7kuG9dXd2DBw9ERETU1NRmnsXY29tbWFgYGxvr5eV1/fr1o0ePKigonD9//s2bN6WlpRQvuDEKhUKdPXt2Ju2dCgsLo6Ki7t69e+XKlXPnzllbW798+TIjI6OsrKytra2urq68vPzLly979uzZsGHD/Kus9AcKDQ1lYWFRUFDIycn55QWtra3Pnj1zdnb+ZcGpoaEh8m0343C4xsbGhISEV69eOTs7a2lpiYiI8PDwrFixgoGBYcWKFatWrVq8ePGiRYvWrVvHz8/Pw8PDzMy8ceNGVlbWf/75h5GRkZ6enpWV9a+//oIgiI6ODoKghQsXIn+mp6dHDmaIiYmpqamdPn3awsLC1tb2xYsXHz58QDZ/fvkjW1lZ6evrz+Tn8vLyunjx4rRfnpCQsGnTpo0bNyorK69atWrlypVycnK+vr6z1jFnbnF1dZWTk6OeZYunT59u27bNw8OD0hMBZoSMQXBbW9vevXt/uZVTWlq6fv36SZ/qzM3NJ23MhqiurmZkZCS+kEpoaCgHBwfxe/eZmZl8fHyioqLt7e0TXJaSkrJnz55z586JioreuHHD3t4+Nze3qampp6envr4eCfqRpiFqamqsrKwsLCza2toT14tob29PSkqi4CZ+T0/PxAHiwMCAhoYGaWeIw+ESEhKQQrlWVlZpaWny8vJjq6KSxMDAQEZGBlJXWEVF5cyZMy4uLqmpqRRfgOno6FBWVibJCYy+vr7y8vKIiAhHR8fLly/b2dn5+fn5+/srKioikcTLly9nfheAGiApqkuWLDl9+vQv16iwWGxqaipZy04jMBhMXV1dTEyMtbW1vLw8Jyfn+vXrmZmZGRkZN23atH//fl1dXWdn5//++y84OPjjx4+JiYlxcXFfv34tLS3t6urq7OysqKhobm6urq7Oy8srLCzMy8srKytLS0uLj49HEpqjo6PfvHnj4+Pj4eFhaWlpZGSkoqIiISGxefNmZmbmNWvWINm0TExMnJycvLy8+/btU1dXNzIyunfvXkBAQHh4uKCg4Nu3b2fyY9rZ2V26dGmqr0IqvXh5edHS0kIQxMjIuGfPHldXV6QgJvA7fX19goKCJD9zMhMoFEpMTMzAwGDaZysBiiNjEIzD4SQlJcdVQkBgMBgpKalJSzrcv39/3759v9x//5mTk9Py5cuJf4YOCQlZu3Yt8cW8CgoKuLm5JSQkxq7XjoyMIP1yGxsbk5KS/Pz8Nm7caGFhYWRkJCQkNHpZS0sLCoWysbFRUVERFBRcu3atnJycv7//pCeZ6uvr+fn5//7770OHDuXk5Mx+5/e2trb29vaJ6/5mZ2eTcD+9sLDQ09NTXV390qVLISEho2WAzMzMfj79Q0JtbW2xsbG2trbKysqHDh1ycnKi7NZbY2OjtLQ0OdIBy8vL/fz82NnZWVhYgoKCSD4+QEF4PN7Z2XnRokUQBKmqqgYEBPz8lohCofz9/ckRB6PR6LCwMH19fSEhob///puOjo6Xl/fw4cNIAhIKhRocHBxbNJMcCATCyMgIsvacnp4eEhLi7e3t5OSkq6srKSm5e/fu9evXQxAEQRAfH9+HDx8kJSVNTEy8vb1TUlKmWuBcX1+fyGWakZGR4uJiHx8fIyMjEREROjq6RYsWiYmJ3b9/nxrOe80VERERIiIis/85OIGuri41NTUKtrUDZoiMQTAMw0jt2F/+1b1793bv3j3xG2JlZeWuXbuIfD4eGho6cODAyZMniZ9eaGjoypUrbW1tiWlIk5SUdOzYMSEhISUlpaGhoYKCgvz8/Lq6usrKyrq6uuzs7NTU1L6+vqqqKmlpaS8vr+3bt9++fdvBwUFOTm7dunVcXFxKSkrOzs7v3r2btN/yqMzMTAiCNm3a9OLFi0ePHpWVlRH/05EECoWauEDj4OCggYHBhw8fZnij8vJyDw+P8+fPq6mpubq65ubmjlt7/vr166FDh2ahbU9/f390dLSdnZ26uvqZM2dIvvyMGPdo98snvfDw8N8lFE0VFotNSUl58OCBoaEhDw8PEiGRezkQoJT4+Hgk1Fu4cOHWrVuRh7qxKb9oNDonJ4ckVQUxGEx8fPy9e/eOHDnCxMTEwcEhICCgrq7u7++fnZ1NVYULCQTC4OBgS0tLUVHR0aNHb926lZ+fLyMjw83Nzc7Ovnr1akZGxi1btggJCWlra9+8efPBgwcBAQHv3r1LSkoqLCysra2tr68fewxOVVU1ODh43F3weHxVVVVBQUFcXNz9+/fPnTsnJyfHwcHByMi4bt06ERGRy5cvv379uqSkBFQYmKqRkRFVVVW7Uuu5AAAgAElEQVQ3NzdKT+T/QZpGjX45MjIy/45fz2PkDYIdHBzU1NR++QHf2dnJw8Nja2s78QgaGhrE59yUlJQwMzMj1ceI5Orqun79emVl5UmbLGRmZrKwsDg6Om7duvXIkSP29vZjy87j8fjW1ta8vDwfHx8WFpZ169atW7eOnZ1dTk7OxcUlNjZ2emleg4ODT58+ffPmDRaL7ejomM03zcrKSmKy/pFGFdPO0yotLY2IiDAwMJCRkTEyMvr06dPvEqOHh4fl5eVn86B0R0eHsbExFxfXlOJgNBrd0dHR2NhYVlaG/P9gZmZ27dq1U6dOycrKHjx4cNeuXVxcXNzc3Lt37xYREREREeHj4+Pk5OTj49u2bZuAgICQkJCWltaFCxfKy8ttbGxkZGSCg4Pj4uKKiopqamqampoaGxvb2tp6enp6enoGBgZwONzAwEB3d3dPT8/Q0FB/f393d3dLS0t5eXleXp6bm5uCggIvLy+y+vXXX3/JycklJiaS7dcGUIXCwkI2NjYIgszNzT09PWVkZP7999/nz5+PXoDFYmeY9tPS0uLl5cXPz79gwQIGBoZDhw49efJk9h/Up0dWVnZscffGxsa0tLRXr17duXNHU1Nz165drKysCxYsGP1Xs2zZMhYWltWrV3NxcQkICEhJSZ04cWLr1q1hYWEGBgYaGhry8vLCwsKHDx/esWPHypUrV6xYsXDhQlpa2s2bNx8/ftzS0jI8PPwPaW9BVsnJyVu3bqXaajahoaE7d+7ctGnT2bNnSbJ+AZAbeYPgb9++sbOz/267Jygo6K+//nrx4sUEI3z48GHv3r2TtmQb9fTp03///Zf4XS1LS0s1NbXDhw+LiIiMOx7U29vb2tra3Nz8+fPnp0+f3r59m4+PT15e/u7du6ysrOXl5Vgs9uPHj25ubsbGxhISEtzc3GJiYioqKnZ2diEhIXl5eZPu2uBwOHJvDk5PV1cXCoWa9LxURkaGoaHhVDenGhoakKVWQ0NDAwMDa2vr4OBgYhoC3bt3j8jNRxJ69eoVLy/vLz/aBwYGiouLo6KiHj58eO3aNWNjY0VFRX5+/i1btjAzMyOHeBYsWLBixQomJqZly5ZxcHBwc3OzsbEh8S4vLy8vL+/WrVu5ubk5OTm3bNny77///vPPP0uWLEE+enl4eOrq6uTl5aH/oaWlRYbasGHDtm3b+Pn5RUVFZWVlxcTEkAB6//79e/bs4ePjW716NfT/SUpKOjk55ebmzvIvEKCUpKSktWvXsrGxIdFeZGSkrKzshQsXZlgbGIPBREdHKyoqrlixgpub+/z589HR0VRY0nECSUlJYmJiE8wZj8f39fWVlZWlp6fHxMQEBwc/evTIwcHh9u3bp0+f1tDQOH78uIiIyNatW6Ojo48fPy4lJSUvL6+ioqKmpnbhwgVnZ2c/P7+EhIT6+nqKHzCYf3R0dKbd6ZqshoaGduzYIS0tffXqVQiCiGx0AFAWeYPgrq6uVatWPXz48HcXXLx4cenSpRMsHgwMDGzfvt3e3p74m2poaGhpaRGZSRwTE7N8+fLY2FgVFRUNDQ2kGURTU1Nqaur379+/fftWUVGRlpZWXl7e3t7+5s2bJUuWmJiYMDIyrlmzZteuXVu2bNm0aZOCgoKvr29WVtbEx+bGwuPxL168EBAQ0NPTo7Z3SQwGExISMmniwcjIiJWV1aTti3A4XFdXV1lZWVJSkqur67lz55BPYjc3t6SkJOIfb2AYTk9P19LSmv1f16VLl86cOdPV1VVbW1tcXBwcHOzm5iYvL8/Ozo4cVEfQ0NAwMjJycHAoKCiYmpq6ubnFx8fn5OSUl5dXVFRUVFT8+PGjo6MDOSjZ09PT3d3d3d2NHAPq6Ohob29vb2+vrKwsKyvLycnJzMx8//59f39/fn4+CwuLhISEqqqqrKzs3r17N27ciOzeLlu2bPHixTQ0NLS0tHR0dLS0tAsXLkTCbnZ2di4uroMHD2pqaoaGhubm5oIOYX+giIiIRYsWMTIyInFwf3+/jo6OlpbW9BbSmpqaHj16tGXLFgYGhn///dfFxYVqF+QmduXKFT09vRkO0traKisrW1ZWRuRnDUAqubm5/Pz81NZJCobhkZGRwMBAU1NTLS0tCIKIrMQKUBZ5g2CkGvmePXt+dwEGgzl48OCWLVsmeCj38fFZuXIl8RtJNTU1bGxsxJ9409LSEhUVbW5uPnDggLKysru7e1VV1djS8W1tbUFBQWZmZiIiIgsWLODi4jp16pSpqemzZ8+mnVXZ3d29bds2JHgabRFEDdLT0wsLC4kJmEpLSw8ePPjixYsnT568ffs2MzPz9evXoaGhHz58ePTokYeHx5UrV86cOXP69OlTp07p6+tfvHjR3d09KSmptbV1eh8b/f39R44cmbiYBgmh0ejU1NTnz58fPXp00aJF3Nzc9PT0oyHvypUrd+/eraWlZW9vHxQUlJycXFBQ0NLSQo46ax4eHlpaWuM2Dfr7+2tra/Pz8zMyMpCgOTMzE4VCpaenI9tw1LnJAMyy//77j4aGZunSpaNFDF1cXJSUlCorK4kfpLa21sLCgo2NbeHChZqamnFxcXM38sNiscePH5/5MYbS0lJFRUXqqdj1RzE0NDxz5gylZzEesmChra3t5+dHQ0MDguA5gbxBMAzDERERjIyME6z1VlVVMTMz6+rq/u4ze2RkREpKSkNDg/ib2tvbCwsLE5lB29bWRk9Pb2trGxcXt3btWmQ1F4vFFhcX29vbi4uLb9++fe3atTw8PA4ODsnJySQpqorFYqWkpJDlw48fP858QJJAoVBv374lstpLX1+fs7Oztrb2uXPndHR09PX1kVYUFhYWFhYWJiYmtra27969S0lJycvLI1UJ5Fu3bpmbm5NkqJ8NDAz8+PEjLy8vMDBQQ0ODnZ19NCOQiYlpw4YNEhISpqamb9++/fLlS21t7ay1nMVgMAoKCvfv35+d2wHzjIODg5CQ0LZt265du4Z85+PHj2fOnPn69eukr21sbLx69eqqVauYmJiuXr1KPd0Kpq20tFRZWXnmNa2SkpJ0dHRIMiVgqpqamvbt20dtyV0pKSkQBElISCgoKEAQ9LuqAABVIXsQjCwGGxgYTHBNeno6HR2dpaXl7y6oqKhgY2MbfQefFBqN3r1798RlgAkEwtDQ0KdPn9zc3MTFxRkZGVNSUvT09JSUlBwdHffv379+/XoJCQkrK6uIiAjiu5QRLygoSFxc/MaNGzPc1sHhcB8+fJj5cnJMTIy3t/dUlw+RBSGkLBGBQCD3+lBCQsL+/ftJmIBYU1MTHR19584dXV1dERER5CwRBEFLliwRFha+dOmSt7d3cnJyUVHRrIW8v1RbW3vixInf9awGgAngcLgLFy5oa2uvX7/+7NmzyDdzcnL09fUnOBA8PDwcEBCwdu1aCIK0tbWntHJMze7fv3/9+vWZjxMXF0cljXz/TK6urtLS0lSVTIjD4dzd3QUEBKysrC5fvgxKsM8JZA+CYRguLCxkZWWduEX7hw8fmJiYJujiFh4ezsDAMPEpurGePXt26NChcYvBBAJheHi4paUlKysrJycnMTHx/fv3ubm5NTU1YmJiTExMmzdvXrly5YEDB9zc3LKysshakAuDwQQGBn769GnSwhQTs7OzQzotzaR64pcvX9zc3IjPaaYULBarqKg4k6KMWCy2pqYmLCzMxsbm0KFDS5cuRaJeenp6Li6u48ePOzg4xMTElJaWzkI5timJjo7et2/fjx8/KD0RYO5pbGw8cuTItWvXdu7caWhoiHyzpKQkKyvrl4+USUlJu3btgiBIRUVlXLPlOY1AICgrK8+wRwbizZs3Fy5cmPk4wPSg0WgBAYHXr19TeiLA3DYbQTAMwzdv3ty2bdsEUUVRURE/P/+mTZsmSDZ49OjRsmXLiFwMGxwc3Lt3b0hICPJlV1dXVlZWQUFBSUlJfn7+aIYxFouNjIw8fvw4HR2duLj4gwcPZrPCX0dHx4cPH2YSbGGx2B07diCF36d38gmLxYaFhX38+JGqHqknYGtr6+DgMNVXodHokJAQc3NzKSkpBgYGJPDl4OBQVla2tbWNioqaE61Kzc3Nid8PAYCxUCiUgoLCq1evJCQkLl++jCSvt7e3p6enj3vT8/f3X7hw4aZNm969e0ehyZJLenr6jh07SPK07+7uPmmJT4CsgoKCjhw5QkyZfwD4nVkKgoeGhqSkpLS1tX93bMjLy0tMTGz16tUTf8Zrampu27aNyN3wgICAU6dOJSUlPX36NDExMTc3d3QVra+vLzk5+cKFCxs3bly7du2pU6eioqIo8m+pu7t7JtEncsBOTEysuLh4Gi8fGBgICQkJCgqaQ4eoUCiUmpoaMf8P9Pb25uTkPHr0SF5eno2N7a+//lq4cOHGjRsVFBQePXqUkZEx51ZVsVistrY2aPMGTE9iYiIfH5+Hh4ecnNxo0Z7Ozs7RzSgMBnPmzJlFixZdunSJVHn8VMXa2lpLS4skQ5mamhK/MwmQw+Dg4JMnT+ZWeT6A2sxSEAzDcHZ29pIlS373+Z2QkCAtLW1qarpnz54JVkb7+vpERUWVlZWR3FM8Ho/BYPB4PBaL7erqqqurKysr+/bt23///efl5dXe3q6rq3vkyJGx2WwFBQWOjo58fHwQBG3fvt3MzIxUXSt7enpmv08MgUB49uzZBEXoJjAwMPDmzRt/f/+5ddAbg8EoKipOcLi7t7f39evXFy9e3LlzJ7Liu3z5cjU1tZcvX+bl5c31Lk2FhYViYmLzaYcamE3R0dEbN250dHTU1NQMDw8f+1dlZWUSEhKbNm0KCwuj1PTICo/HKyoqRkVFkWS0y5cvU8+ZZgAApmf2gmAYhq9duyYqKvrLv2pvb9+zZ8/r169lZGSQrmClpaXl5eXNzc2dnZ0DAwODg4NdXV1dXV2RkZG0tLR37twJCAgIDQ39/v17Z2dnW1tbdXV1fn5+bm7ut2/fvnz5kpKSAsNwUFDQtWvXcDgcCoWysLAQFhbetWvX7t27LSws0tLSJl3qqK+vz8zMJGaVND8/f/fu3RwcHIGBgVP/xcxId3f3VAvuwjDc09Pz8OHDvLw8Ms2KrBwdHX/OiGhsbAwNDdXR0UEaxtLS0kpISNy9e/fr16/z5kwP4tmzZxNsqgDAxMLDw9nY2LS1taWlpUeb0r98+XL58uWysrLUfzBg2nJzc2VlZUmycEggEAwNDT99+jTzoQAAoKBZDYLb2tp27NiBlG3H4/HjPsWvXr2qqan56NGj48ePX7t2zd3dPTY2Ni8vr6ysDIVC1dXVhYWFBQcHZ2ZmmpmZ0dHR/ffff4ODgzgc7ndFCTAYTGxsLCcn5969e1esWCEpKXn37l3iS/wQCAQhISEIgtzc3CZdK7158yay6LhgwYLU1FQib0ESAwMDUy3Y3t/f7+DgMMExRCqHQqFGi0T29PSEhoZqaWmtWrUKKWcmKip669ataZdwnhOuXLliZ2c3t5bwAeqRmJgoLCyMlECxs7PbvXv30qVLLSws5ndHFWdnZwsLC5IMNTQ0pKqqmpWVRZLRgJloaGgICgr6+PEjsoeMwWA+ffoUGhra0NBA6akBc8CsBsEwDF+7dk1XVzciIsLT0/Pdu3cJCQmNjY2NjY25ublubm5Lly59/vz5pk2bDA0Nx37ADw4O4vH43t5eJG23pqZm8+bNP+9q4fH45ubmr1+/uri46Onp7dy5U0hI6MiRI1ZWVl+/fp1q8QQCgRAYGMjPz799+/ZJawNHR0dv3rzZzMxMWVn53bt3s7lKh8FgprR4093dfeXKlbl+qFZDQyMnJ8fe3n7NmjUQBC1atAiJfbOysv6EcxJlZWX6+vrEtwcHgHHa2trc3d2PHj0qKSmpp6eHbJ3NY1gs9tixY6TKhWhrazty5EhVVRVJRgOmLSMjY/PmzatWrVqwYIGIiEhRUdGxY8cgCPr777/Z2dkzMzMpPUGA2s12EPz9+/eVK1dqa2s3NTX19/fn5OQUFBSgUKhnz565ublt2bLl9OnTd+/etba2nngcHR2dgwcPlpaWZmdnJyYm+vj4WFlZycvLCwoK8vPzI2/rT548Gd3smzYsFotCoSZNNsDj8bW1tdnZ2cHBwU1NTVSbeNrf3+/k5DT7ORsklJGR4erqysbGZmtra2pqKiEh4ejoWFBQQOl5zTYCgTCHjjMCVGuulIWZoZKSEikpKVIdoqqoqDhw4MAMq1sCM2dlZQVB0K1bt2xsbJSUlGJiYpSVld3c3FxdXSEIcnFxofQEAWo320EwHo+XlJT83fG4nJwcLi6u2NjYS5cuNTc3wzCMRqMrKyvT09PDwsIcHR2NjIyMjY21tbU3b95MS0vLzs6+cePGHTt2SElJHTt2zMXFBWldO5OKub9EZG9MLBbb09NDtcmaaDT64sWLc3QNuLOz88WLF3v37qWhoYEgiIWFRVJSsq2tbX5v4AIAQBIPHjyYoB/TVGVmZh45cqSvr49UAwLT8/37dzExsVWrVvHz89+4caO2ttbKykpZWXn79u00NDQ+Pj6UniBA7WY7CIZh+PLlyx4eHj9/H4PBtLW1SUlJ8fPz79y5U1pa2tDQUExMTEhISERERFxcXEpKSkFBQV1dXUtL6+bNm4GBgUFBQdHR0aNFf2EYbmhoAJlAv9Tf3+/m5vbff/9ReiJT1tDQ4OnpycPDg2xyycrKPn36tLa2VklJiZi+r/NeeHi4iYmJmZlZSEgI1T6AAQAFjYyMyMnJkbCYQ2xsrKqqKkjKp7hXr16pqKgkJycrKipCEGRgYABB0JMnT6Kjo2loaLy9vSk9QYDaUSAIDg8PNzY2bmxs/PLly927d83MzLS1tSUlJfn4+Hbu3MnLy7tx48bjx48bGBg8ffo0JSWlqKjox48faDR60vXd58+fs7Kyrl279vXr1zU1NbPy08wNw8PDxsbGb968Qb7E4/FNTU3Uv5ne3NxsaWnJxMQEQRAnJ6evr29VVdXotB89egSK1WdnZzMyMkpISOzfv3/BggXTKxcNAPPbt2/f9u7d29bWRqoB/f39z507R6rRgGl78+YNBEFbtmxZvny5oKDg69evFy9evHr1agEBAQiC7O3tKT1BgNrNahDc3NwcFhamoaHBzMwsKCi4fft2WVnZs2fPmpub37hxw9fXNzo6urCwcNqrWVpaWkiJBkNDw+TkZNJOfk7z8fG5f//+6Jc4HK6mpoaag+C8vDw7O7sNGzZAECQiInLv3r2fj7vl5+draWn19/dTZIZUoqqq6uTJk+fPn5eXl4cgKD09ndIzAgCq8+TJk/Pnz5NwwMuXLxsYGJBwQGDa0tPTnZycPD09kTr9cXFxt2/fTk1NjYyMJLK/LPAnm6UgOCQkhJ+fn5ubm5eXV0lJKSoqKicnp7GxkchcWyIVFxdbW1s7OTmRqv/F/BAWFnb37t3Rnbuuri5q3jQvKCjQ0NCgpaWFIEhcXPzdu3cThLna2tp/eKnOr1+/btq0SUVFRUNDA4KgjIwMSs8IAKjO0NAQac//mZmZTXp6GwAA6kf2ILioqEhDQ4OLi+v8+fMhISFzrlEtAofDzdFyVLm5uXfu3BlbQw2FQlFn8Yr8/Hxzc3Ok3K+8vHxoaOikKXcODg6kKvw5R/n5+SFbHydOnIAgCCRJA8AsOHv27M/9egAAmHPIGwQPDQ2JiIjs2rVrri/NYrHYuZht2dzcfOPGjdG2ET9+/Kivr6fCLIiSkhJ9ff2FCxfS0NCcPHny27dvRJ44+fbt26FDhybt/DePtbW1qaiocHFx3bp1S0NDA7RTBoBZcPLkyfnaXBoA/ijkDYKDg4N5eHhIeBwBIB4Gg3FwcEhKShr9TlVVVXV1NQWn9LOSkpIzZ84wMjIuWbJES0srMTFxSi/HYDCKiorg04gKH2wAgBo0Njba2trm5OSQdtj3799P2kEJAADqR94g+Nq1a1evXiXrLWZTbm5uT08PWW/R3d39/PlzknRv8vX19fT0RP6Mx+O/ffuWl5c382FJpa+v79GjR0uXLoUgiJ+ff2ywPiXu7u7z6f8xAABIBYvFfv78GYIgLy8vSs8FAABqRN4g2MbGxsTEhKy3mE1lZWW1tbVk7RJUVVW1dOnSmR9k/vDhg729fW9vL/JlWVnZp0+fqKc1VHR0tKioKARBfHx8jx49mknN+erqahUVFXI/nAAADMM4HA6Uhp0T2traDA0NhYWFkfeZWeiRicFgwP8bADDnkDcIjo6OFhERIVWnSmrQ0NCQnp5Ojt3n4OBgERERBQWFv//+++LFizMZqqGhwdnZeWyw/vnzZ6R8DMV1d3ffvn0bqWRnamo683RePB5//PhxEpbBB4Df6evrI21BG4BMbty4AUHQmTNnuLm5IQgia8ZUf3+/tra2kJAQlbzHAgBAPPIGwWg0mpOT886dO2S9yyzLy8tDoVCk/SxMT09nYGA4evSouro6BEEzWT7v7e318vIaPQwHw3Bqaurbt2+poSzaly9fdu3ahSwAR0REkGpYe3t7Y2NjUo0GAMBct23btsOHD8Mw/OLFCwiCYmJiZjJaa2trbm5uSUnJ6Nt+VVVVYWEh8gzv7+8PQZCUlNTAwMDMZw4AwGwie4k0e3t7JiamedZjPTExcWyUOXPW1tYMDAwNDQ1dXV1MTEwzWQn++PFjamrq6JfDw8PZ2dkYDIYU05y+3t7ex48fI9V/9fX1SbtkgkKhBAUF52gNOwAASI6Li+vEiRMwDHt4eEAQlJCQMO2hUlJSWFlZV69ezczMrKGhgcFg7ty5s3bt2uXLl3NycoaGhh44cACCIFFR0fm05wkAfwiyB8FdXV3S0tJmZmbkvtFs6u/vDwoKIuFbno2NDQMDQ01NTXNz8z///GNoaDi9cTIzMx8+fDi2v3RCQgJp4/VpyM3NFRERgSBo27ZtcXFxJB9/cHBQRUWFhEvLAADMaRcuXIAgSF1dHek6GR0dPe2hPnz4ICsrGxISoqCgsGjRoqqqKhYWlp07dwYEBIiIiDx8+DAgIACCIH9/f1CkBQDmnNnoGFdYWMjCwuLj4zML95pAR0fHz613p+3ly5d+fn6kGi03N3fx4sUyMjJHjhyBIOjChQvTGKSurs7U1LSxsRH5cmRk5MuXL5QtHNve3m5ra0tPTw9BkJGRUW1tLZlu5Ofn94d3zQAAYBQajb527dq+ffucnZ3NzMxqamqmPVR+fv7Ro0dlZWX5+fmXL1/e2dl5//79DRs2bNq0affu3VlZWbGxsRAEkePxHgAAcpultsleXl5r1qyhbE/X0tJSEhZ2aGhouHHjRllZGakGfP369YEDB4yMjExMTIKDg6f6cgwGc/369bGroe3t7REREZQ6sDwyMuLl5YWcSuHj4yN3c+OysrLDhw93dHSQ9S4AAPxpdHR0IAiKjY09e/YsPT19UVGRmZmZp6ent7f3woULT5w4ERIS8tdffyUnJ1N6pgAATNksBcEwDLu7u69evfrp06fTe/nIyEh2dnZSUtIMW/729vaOzRaYibKyslevXpGw7thMMnffvn37+vXr0S+zsrKCg4NnuT1ya2treXl5SEjIrVu3du7cCUEQExPTzZs3ZyE2xePxERERIC0YAADSunv3Lh0dHRcXFy8v76ZNm5qamg4fPrxw4UJeXl56evoHDx4EBwdDEJSVlUXpmQIAMGWzFwTDMPz06dM1a9a4urpO9YWDg4NXr16lp6dftWrVDIthffz4MS4ujlSlEnJzcwsKCkgy1Ex0dXV5e3v39/cjX7a2tlpbW+fm5pLvjgMDA42NjcnJyZ6enk5OTjo6OseOHdu8eTPS/AKCIB4enrt371ZVVZFvDgAAAOQ2PDyckpKSlJTU2NiYm5uLxWL7+/vfvHnj6en5+fNnGIZbWlqioqLAqTgAmItmNQiGYTg2Nnbt2rWWlpZT2qZ///49ElotW7YsMjJyJhNAoVBhYWGkqmUzPDyckJBA2fMQvb29ISEhoz08R0ZGfHx8MjMzSTV+e3t7bm5udHT0nTt3Ll26dOzYMUFBQRYWlqVLlzIwMEAQtGLFihUrVnBwcEhISBgZGbm6un758mXmBYABAAAAAPhzzH40NdtBMAzD2dnZW7duPXny5Gg/MxiG8Xh8bm5uaGjozykBPT091tbWOjo6Li4unz59QqPRM58DFoslVbJsR0dHYmIiBavwJiQk1NfXj35ZUlIyw9zrvr6+goICPz+/q1evysnJcXJyQv+zfPlyQUHBgwcPnjhxwsrK6vnz5+/fvy8tLW1ubqbObklDQ0O5ubljfz8AAAAAAFCPoaGhwsJCGIYrKipmubUtBYJgGIbr6ur4+flPnDgxGjuampquWLGChobm9u3bo5fh8fji4uKXL18GBASQtsrBly9fSFU4bGRkpLm5ubKykiSjTVV+fn5KSgry54GBgYqKChQKNdWIHI/Hl5WVvX379ubNm0pKShs2bFi4cCEEQf/88w8HB8eRI0csLS29vb3T0tLq6+vnVtMsDw+PFStWODk5UXoiAAAAAACMh0ajz507p6CgQJFNdcoEwTAMNzY28vPz6+joIIe3kEZiEARxcnKGh4ej0ei2tra0tLTExMTKysqOjo7q6moS3h2HwxUXF5Pq3NjIyMj379+7urpmuSdFXFxcbGwsEvISCISampr4+HjiV2SRXA4nJyc5ObnFixcjv39GRkYJCYkzZ848f/68vLycyuNdNBodEhLi7OwcHByMpETHx8ffvn3b09OzoaGhoKCAnZ0dgiBfX19KzxQAAAAAgPG6u7vLy8t7enoosp9MsSAYhuFv374tWbLEwcEBhuHAwEAhISE+Pj4bG5uwsLDo6OiPHz/m5+ej0eju7u6xiROkUllZSdqiNsnJye3t7SQccGI/fvxwdXUdLbwwMDCQnp5OZMxaVDTChU0AAAxtSURBVFRkZ2eH1C8bPcempaUVGRlZX18/yzUlpo1AIOjp6S1YsODff/9dsmSJr69vamrqsmXLduzYsXLlyr179wYHB69YsWLJkiVeXl6UniwAAAAAANSFkkEwDMOhoaEcHBx5eXkwDFdXV8fExMTGxvb395eVlTU1NbW1tZHvfFV/f39FRUVRURHxL8nKyqKGWhAwDI+MjKSnp489j5yQkDBpCN7U1OTn56epqblo0SIIghgYGFRUVOzt7d++fUvxvsrTQCAQrKys5OTkTExMFi1apKur6+vrC0HQqVOnzp49a2trC8Pw8ePHOTk5qXw9GwAAAACA2UfhIBiGYRsbGy4urtEVTSReGRoamp3A5du3b0gIPqmkpKTly5evWrVKV1e3uLiY3BObWE1NzbiauE1NTROkAhcVFV25cmX16tXIuq+MjExkZGRdXR35Z0pGBALh4sWLIiIi2tray5cvP3ToUGtr66lTp7Zt27Zu3Tp1dXUsFnvy5ElOTs65srYNAAAAAMCsoXwQ3NvbKywsrKqqSqoeFlNSW1tLZDMzRUVFZPWUmZlZQUGhr6/vl5fh8fi8vDzyLWDj8Xg0Gp2cnDz662psbJzgNCUKhbp8+fKSJUsgCGJhYTl79iy5m7fNGhwOx8rKun///mfPntHS0iorK0dGRgoLCz969Gj79u0QBNXV1R05coSdnX2WT5sCAAAAAED9KB8EwzBcUlKyfPlyIyMjSk2gubl54gsKCwuRmrj09PRSUlIRERGjnSnGIRAIHR0dZF16LCgoGBuCx8fH/zIiz8jI0NTUpKOjgyBoy5Yt3t7ek/6YcwuBQDA1NWVhYREXF9+zZ4+BgUFFRYWgoODatWs3bNhgYWGBxWKNjY1lZGRAOgQAAAAAAONQRRAMw/Dr168ZGBji4+Nn/9YjIyMJCQmlpaUTXJOWloYspgoKCsbHx3d2dra1tVEkj7a6unrsfb9///5zKnB8fLyenh5S8GHjxo3Ozs7ztZ8wFovNyMhobm4eGBhoa2uDYbi/vz85OTk7Oxu5oKenB/k+AAAAAADAWNQSBMMwbGFhsXz58mmcPOvr65vhfjcGg2lra6uvr/9dGQocDhcZGXnlypWkpCTkO1gsduJyvF1dXSQPPYeHhwsLC0cTIWpra+vr68euSX///l1bWxtJ/N28ebO/v/9sFqwAAAAAAACYK6goCO7q6uLh4dmzZ89UI1pSpR9kZGSQ8MRbe3t7Y2MjqUaDYRiLxRYUFIz+pNXV1WlpaaN/m5qaqqSkhIS/u3btev78OVgBBQAAAAAA+B0qCoJhGC4uLubg4PD09KTUBD59+pSVlUWpu08AjUY3NDQMDg4i1aR7enpqamqQv6qtrT1//jwNDQ0EQdzc3Pfv3ydJZ2kAAAAAAIB5jLqCYBiG3717R0tLGxgYSJG7o9Fo0vZnJgksFou00Bv9DtJDpLS01MjIiJWVFUlWfvHiBTm6igAAAAAAAMw/VBcEwzB84sQJVlbW2traKb2KQCBUVlaO7R8xbS0tLYODgzMfhyRGRkYyMzMrKirGfrO9vd3d3X3ZsmUQBK1fv/727dtg9RcAAGBStbW18fHx3759I18hSwAA5gpqDIK7urpERET4+Piqqqqm9MKKioo7d+7MPH5tamoaGBiY4SAkMTg4mJGRMS6y9/X13bRpEwRBa9euffjw4TwrfAYAAEA+3d3dVVVVSHYZpecCAACFUWMQDMPw169fFy5cKCsr+7ueFL+Ex+NLS0sbGxsnrtswhxQXF7e2to7+OCgUSkVFBQl/9fX1y8rKKDs9AAAAAACAOYpKg2AYhmNiYmhpaZWUlKb6woqKitzcXOQA2Qzl5+dPNSuDVJqbm0dGRnA4HPJlTU2Njo4OLS0tAwODg4NDU1MTRWYFAAAAAAAwP1BvEAzDcFhYGA0NzdmzZ6dUAW1kZOTHjx8kmUBpaWl9fT1JhiIeHo9vbm7OzMxEmmL09vba2Ngg6b+ampooFGqW5wMAAAAAADD/UHUQDMNwQEAABEEnT56caufb9vZ2Eub14vH479+/d3R0kGrA38HhcJ2dnRkZGciXMTExO3bsgCCIl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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1.</b> Comparison of the skulls of <i>Camarasaurus</i> (left) and <i>Diplodocus</i> (right), each from Wilson & Sereno (1998). They're different! To be fair, these two represent two of the extremes in sauropod skull morphology (<i>Camarasaurus</i> showing the most robust skull amongst sauropods) but the differences between the more plesiomorphic deep jaws lined with a long toothrow of broad-crowned teeth of <i>Camarasaurus</i> and the dainty skull of <i>Diplodocus</i> are obvious. What is even more exciting is that these taxa were sympatric- both from the Morrison Formation- so these deviances in skull form strongly hint at some kind of niche partitioning amongst sauropod taxa.</span> </div>
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This bizarre and delicate skull, armed with similarly not-particularly-robust dentition has long attracted the attention of those trying to infer just how it functioned in feeding. Any degree of oral processing was clearly out of the question. Indeed, this "delicate skull and feeble teeth" was once spoken of as to make it sound downright maladaptive- with Hatcher (1901) saying of <i>Diplodocus</i> “they were remarkably ill adapted for maintaining themselves amidst varying conditions. Not only was an almost inexhaustible food supply necessary to their existence but they were also equally dependent upon the nature of the food… tender, succulent aquatic and semi-aquatic plants”. More recently, it has become clear that the skull of <i>Diplodocus</i> was finely adapted for some highly specialised cropping behaviour, but what that was has remained more ambiguous. </div>
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Calvo (1994) suggested a rather unique "horizontal slicing" function where forward sliding of the lower jaw, coupled with precise tooth-tooth contact would cut food. This is problematic in a couple of ways. First, the nature of tooth-tooth correspondance and rather heterogenous toothwear observed in <i>Diplodocus</i> indicates that precise tooth-tooth occlusion was absent (Barrett & Upchurch, 1994; Christiansen, 2000; Upchurch & Barrett, 2000). Anyway, the abbreviated toothrow would gain little from any kind of anteriorly directed power stroke. Still, a more simple slicing action powered by vertical occlusion (as the standard action of sauropods) remains plausible.</div>
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However, the procumbent orientation of the teeth would have prevented them from being brought into vertical occlusion effectively (Barrett & Upchurch, 1994; Christiansen, 2000; Upchurch & Barrett, 2000), as corroborated by toothwear. The teeth of <i>Diplodocus</i> tend to show an absence of tooth-tooth wear, indicating the lack of occlusion, but show heavy tooth-food wear as low-angle apical wear facets. These are highly atypical in that they are observed on the labial (outside) surface of both the lower and upper teeth (Barrett & Upchurch, 1994; Upchurch & Barrett, 2000), which clearly cannot be the result of any kind of occlusion between shearing teeth.</div>
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Barrett & Upchuch (1994; see also Christiansen, 2000; Upchurch & Barrett, 2000) explained the generation of these wear facets as the result of a branch stripping behaviour. Here the procumbent teeth were used like rakes, stripping the leaves off a branch as the head was retracted (as I’m sure you’ll remember the puppets doing on Walking with Dinosaurs), a bit like the leaf stripping action performed by modern Gorilla. A similar behaviour, using the procumbent teeth to gain the leverage to strip bark, had also been forwarded earlier by Bakker (1986).</div>
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However, in opposition it has been argued that the slender teeth would be liable to break when stripping (especially of bark). An alternative explanation of the labial facets, based on teltale transverse microwear scratches lying outside them on the teeth, is that they were consequence of tooth-food contact during close cropping of low-growing, sward-like vegetation (Sereno <i>et al</i>., 2007; Whitlock, 2011), inflicted as the head was moved across laterally to take the next bite (picture a horse cropping grass).</div>
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The two main hypotheses- simple static biting and more specialized stripping, have hence been argued back and forth based on morphology and toothwear data and feeding style in diplodocids remains somewhat ambiguous. What was required to test this further was a new approach- through which Young <i>et al</i>. (2012) brought through the application of a biomechanical modelling technique, Finite Element Analysis (FEA).</div>
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FEA is a modelling approach which is widely used in palaeontology (see Rayfield, 2007 for a review). It allows the computation of stress and strain distributions in a complicated structure when subjected to loading by breaking it down into a large number of discrete, easily solvable elements. So, for example, if we wanted to see how a skull was strained in response to feeding, we could generate a finite-element model pertaining to the geometry of a skull from CT scan data of said skull, ascribe it appopriate physical properties, and then load it with forces equivalent to those produced by the jaw musculature during biting (there are a couple of ways of doing this, but the intention is the same). In this way, differences in the response to loading the skull in ways representing different feeding behaviours, particularly inspecting for the generation of dangerously high strains, can be used to investigate the plausibility of each. As well as providing a rigourous approach for testing the feasibility of different behaviours FEA can also provide an avenue for testing the degree to which a a structure is optimized for a particular function, and the extent to which observed evlutionary trends in shape may be corroborated with pressures associated with functional shifts. As such, it provides an effective method for unravelling the fundamental associations of form and function, and the contribution of other factors like phylogeny. Function function function. Sorry about that, there are few other words of equal utility.</div>
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However, the above steps each bring their difficulties to such modelling in extinct taxa. The first step can be dealt with through reconstructing missing and deformed features, which can be done accurately in well-known taxa such as <i>Diplodocus</i>. The other two are more awkward. We have no way of telling what the material properties of fresh sauropod bone would have been; instead we must rely on analogue. Histological sections of sauropod bone show great similarity with the haversian bone of mammals, so Young <i>et al</i>. (2012) utilised bovine haversian bone properties as a proxy in their <i>Diplodocus</i> model (as indeed is standard in dinosaur studies). Now, it is more complicated than this, as in reality bone is highly anisotropic, that is, it's material properties vary with direction. However, to introduce anisotropic properties here would have massively inflated the number of assumptions and would have been mind-shreddingly complex, so in general isotropic properties have to be assumed in modelling extinct taxa. Finally, reconstructing the bite force of an extinct taon is also uncertain. Whilst in dinosaurs, where the muscle mass would be entirely contained within the adductor chamber, musculature can be reconstructed fairly accurately based on adductor chamber size and muscle scars (see Holliday, 2009), the degree of muscle contraction and the muscle specific tension remain unknown and must be estimated from modern taxa, and the degree of muscle fibre pennation remains unknown. In the end when dealing with FEA one has to just do one's best to minimise assumptions and errors. It is for these reasons that whenever one is looking at FEA results from extinct taxon the actual numbers themselves should not be given too much heed, it is the comparison of patterns between analyses run under the same boundary conditions (so under only systematic, not random, error), and so of relative magnitudes, which is important in distinguishing the differences resulting from contrasting behaviours.</div>
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So, to test between the hypotheses of <i>Diplodocus</i> feeding in Young <i>et al</i>. (2012)'s study itself three different loading regimes were compared: one representing static, muscle driven biting and then two where the teeth were subjected to an anteriorly directed force representing stripping behaviour, with this force set as equal to the resistive force of parenchyma for branch-stripping and that of bark for bark stripping. The results can be seen below (<b>Fig. 2.</b>, <b>Fig. 3.</b>).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOWdysdA5IByWzWyD4-H_sbdcooVX9TJPsT8Hfx2G2W4IjaEWYSFSwNylqsAFCmjYylOJK_8PSKzgGo6NxTk4EX0R4bHCfSeT46QCaIqdCwoTG_4HK4x-5VsadWEt7eMLjqqy5z5L8z-Xo/s1600/Diplodocus_pyramid.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOWdysdA5IByWzWyD4-H_sbdcooVX9TJPsT8Hfx2G2W4IjaEWYSFSwNylqsAFCmjYylOJK_8PSKzgGo6NxTk4EX0R4bHCfSeT46QCaIqdCwoTG_4HK4x-5VsadWEt7eMLjqqy5z5L8z-Xo/s400/Diplodocus_pyramid.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 2.</b> comparison of Von Mises stress plots of the results of the FEA of the skull under the three simulated feeding behaviours: (a)- static biting, (b)- branch-stripping and (c)- bark stripping. Skull in oblique anterior view (I always think this is th best angle to view a Diplodocid skull from; you really get to see how wide the snout was). Cool colours mark areas of low stress, hot colours, high stress (white is off the scale). Note how in both (a) and (b) stress is low except for localised peaks at the bases of the teeth. Contrast these with the bark stripping results- here peaks of very high stress can be observed being more widespread on the teeth and the jaw joint (and also on the palate), and general fairly high stress is distributed throughout the skull.</span> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkbvMSPWBFlBj0AzdzHeSV1KIH45EYgDa2cyDk3FOycySHKGyctPY-r0J8x9ff1D8-3WZytyRlYpDSzigV5PkcJYMVmJhML7SrHG76ATjM8IWqPk1KGbkZCjgYTBTkUOGUV_waofY7GQdg/s1600/Diplodocus_graph.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkbvMSPWBFlBj0AzdzHeSV1KIH45EYgDa2cyDk3FOycySHKGyctPY-r0J8x9ff1D8-3WZytyRlYpDSzigV5PkcJYMVmJhML7SrHG76ATjM8IWqPk1KGbkZCjgYTBTkUOGUV_waofY7GQdg/s400/Diplodocus_graph.png" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 3.</b> A plot of Von Mises stress taken from various points across the skull (roughly, 1-16 = anterior to posterior) for the three different loading regimes- green = static biting, blue = branch stripping, red = bark stripping. Note how the first two show very similar stresses, whereas the bark stripping model shows higher general stress and much greater stress at the point of the anterior end of the snout- that is, the loaded teeth and the surrounding premaxilla and maxilla.</span> </div>
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It is instantly clear that static biting imparts only very low stress on the skull. This is good; few animals pack in adductor musculature which tears their face apart. However, what is interesting is that the stress is really is rather low. Whilst one must be cautious of magnitude as outlined above and also remember that a skull is subject to many pressures beyond just feeding, this still would seem to suggest that the skull is somewhat "over engineered" for enduring static-biting induced stresses alone. Even considering that the skull would have to resist a variety of competing forces so would not be optimized towards feeding alone (for example stresses generated on the back of the skull by the neck) such a high degree of over-engineering for static biting would make it seem unlikely it was the only feeding action carried out. This is especially evident given that the "spartan" skull construction of certain sauropod taxa like <i>Diplodocus</i> and (particularly) <i>Nigersaurus</i> (Sereno <i>et al</i>., 2007), and indeed apparently all sauropods to an extent, seem to be fairly strongly optimized towards feeding.</div>
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Stresses generated under branch stripping are nearly identical- notably the teeth, although quite highly stressed, show little deviance from static biting models, assuaging fears that they may break under stripping behaviour.</div>
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The bark stripping model, in contrast, saw the generation of much greater stresses. The relatively poor performance under such loading, especially of the teeth which would have to accomodate some pretty large stresses for their slender nature and would seem liable to break, suggests that the skull was not adapted to carry out such a task. So, we can reject bark stripping. </div>
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Unfortunately, deciding which of the other two functions was performed is not possible. Biomechanical analysis can only define what was possible, or plausible, not what was actually performed. But we should not sell it short. FEA here has provided a tool which can be used to test between functional and so, ultimately, behavioural, hypotheses pertaining to an extinct animal, and has allowed one to be fairly clearly refuted.</div>
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The old enemy of biomechanics, whether a particular action was actually carried out can be very difficult to address. Tooth microwear is the premier method for demonstrating that a particular feeding action or relative jaw movements were actually carried out (e.g. Williams <i>et al</i>., 2009- but recall that it demonstrates only the relative movements of the teeth and food/opposite toothrows, not the actual stroke that was carried out to produce such a texture [Cuthbertson <i>et al</i>., 2012], so that study into biomechanical feasibility is still necessary). Whitlock (2011) compared microwear patterns on <i>Diplodocus</i> teeth and found them to be unlike those seen in the incisors of leaf-stripping primates in being dominated by pits rather than scratches. Unfortunately, exactly the opposite relative abundance of these features was reported by earlier studies (Fiorillo, 1998; Upchurch & Barrett, 2000), and I retain some reservations about its application here. Microwear work in <i>Diplodocus</i>, and its relation to feeding style and diet gets quite involved, so I will save this discussion for another post.</div>
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But what of our remaining two hypotheses? Well, what is worth noting is that the two are by no means mutually exclusive (Whitlock, 2011; Young <i>et al</i>., 2012). Indeed, giving the lack of shearing occlusion, the teeth would have functioned mainly to grip food, with head movements separating pieces (Young <i>et al</i>., 2012) (like a horse- Vollmerhaus <i>et al</i>., 2001, 2003), so that the two behaviours would have been rather similar in practice. Indeed, it is easy to imagine the animal alternating its handling strategy for different plants, depending on how much of the plant was desired.</div>
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So, in summary- FEA modelling demonstrates that the skull of <i>Diplodocus</i> was probably incapable of withstanding the forces generated in bark stripping, but seems equally well adapted to carry out static biting and branch stripping, with these two behaviours both biomechanically entirely plausible. Combination of this with other lines of evidence, particularly that indicating the lack of effective occlusion (rendering a simple static bite somewhat ineffective) and numerous extreme adaptations of the skull, suggests that branch stripping as part of a repertoire of foraging behaviour was likely.</div>
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There are some more cool things in there about sauropod tooth evolution and the lateral plates, but we’ll get onto them, microwear studies and diet later. In the next few posts. Indeed, as it is finally time for me to chat a little bit about what I do. It might even be fun. Until we meet again.</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Bakker, R.T., 1986. The Dinosaur Heresies. William Morrow, New York, 481pp. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Barrett P.M. & Upchurch, P., 1994. Feeding mechanisms of <i>Diplodocus</i>. Gaia, 10, 195–203.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Calvo, J.O., 1994. Jaw mechanics in sauropod dinosaurs. <i>Gaia</i>, <b>10</b>, 183–193.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Christiansen, P., 2000. Feeding mechanisms of the sauropod dinosaurs <i>Brachiosaurus</i>, <i>Camarasaurus</i>, <i>Diplodocus</i>, and <i>Dicraeosaurus</i>. <i>Historical Biolog</i>y, <b>14</b>, 137–152.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Cuthbertson, R.S., Tirabasso, A., Rybczynski, N. & Holmes, R.B., 2012. Kinetic limitations of intracranial joints in <i>Brachylophosaurus canadensis</i> and <i>Edmontosaurus regalis</i> (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), and their implications for the chewing mechanics of Hadrosaurids. <i>The Anatomical Record</i>, <b>295</b>, 968-979.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Fiorillo, A.R., 1998. Dental microwear patterns of the sauropod dinosaurs <i>Camarasaurus</i> and <i>Diplodocus</i>: Evidence for resource partitioning in the Late Jurassic of North America. <i>Historical Biology</i>, <b>13</b>, 1-16.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Haas, G., 1963. A proposed reconstruction of the jaw musculature of <i>Diplodocus</i>. <i>Annals of Carnegie Museum</i>,<b> 36</b>, 139–157.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Hatcher, J.B., 1901. <i>Diplodocus</i> (Marsh): its osteology, taxonomy, and probable habits, with a restoration of the skeleton. <i>Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum</i>, <b>1</b>, 1–63.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Holland, W.J., 1906. The osteology of <i>Diplodocus</i> Marsh. <i>Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum</i>, <b>2</b>, 225–264.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Holland, W.J., 1924. The skull of <i>Diplodocus</i>. <i>Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum</i>, <b>9</b>, 379–403.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Holliday, C.M., 2009. New insights into dinosaur jaw muscle anatomy. <i>The Anatomical Record A</i>, <b>292</b>, 1246–1265.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Rayfield, E.J., 2007. Finite element analysis and understanding the biomechanics and evolution of living and fossil organisms.<i> Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences</i>, <b>35</b>, 541–576.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Sanson, G.D., Kerr, S.A. & Gross, K.A., 2007. Do silica phytoliths really wear mammal teeth? <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>, <b>34</b>, 526-531.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Sereno, P.C., Wilson, J.A., Witmer, L.M., Whitlock, J.A., Maga, A., Ide, O. & Rowe, T.A., 2007. Structural extremes in a Cretaceous dinosaur. <i>PLoS One</i>, <b>2</b>, e1230.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Upchurch, P. & Barrett, P.M., 2000. The evolution of sauropod feeding mechanisms. In: Sues, H.-D. (ed.) Evolution of herbivory in terrestrial vertebrates: perspectives from the fossil record. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 79–122.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Vollmerhaus, B., Knospe, C. & Roos., H., 2001. Zur Phylogenie des Equidengebisses. <i>Anat. Histol. Embryol</i>., <b>30</b>, 237–248.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Vollmerhaus, B., Roos, H. & Knospe., C. 2002. Zur Entstehung und Funktion der Kunde, Infundibulum dentis, an den Schneidezähnen der Pferde.<i> Anat. Histol. Embryol</i>., <b>31</b>, 53–59.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Whitlock, J.A., 2011. Inferences of diplodocoid (Sauropoda: Dinosauria) feeding behavior from snout shape and microwear analysis.<i> PLoS One</i>, <b>6</b>, e18304.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Williams, V.S., Barrett, P.M. & Purnell, M.A., 2009. Quantitative analysis of dental microwear in hadrosaurid dinosaurs, and the implications for hypotheses of jaw mechanics and feeding. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Science</i>, <b>106</b>, 11194–11199.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Young, M.T., Rayfield, E.J., Holliday, C.M., Witmer, L.M., Button, D.J., Upchurch, P. & Barrett, P.M., 2012. Cranial biomechanics of <i>Diplodocus</i> (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): testing hypotheses of feeding behaviour in an extinct megaherbivore. <i>Naturwissenschaften</i>, DOI 10.1007/s00114-012-0944-y.</span></div>
</span>David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-516708097172238362012-07-16T10:44:00.000+01:002012-11-12T16:14:35.581+00:00Form & Function 2: what's a fellow to do?<div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Hi again denizens of teh interwebs- and first, another apology for not having posted in ages. I am afraid a particular problem came up which necessitated hitting the ol' work-bag as hard as possible over the last few weeks. I know, I know, feeble excuses and all that, I must try harder to maintain a rigourous schedule.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Anyway, the time before last time we wheeled through a quick overview of a few cases of where the connection between form and function is not obvious, or not one-to-one, which would make any precise, well, anything finer than any broad statements anyway, evaluations of function of fossil organisms difficult. It follows that whilst analogy with similar structures in extant taxa, with machines and good ol' fashioned pondering may then generate hypotheses of function of various structures, to test these hypotheses on the morphological grounds on which they were proposed is circular (Lauder, 1990). There hence is a real need for some kind of rigourous framework under which to test the feasibility of these hypotheses or relative liklihood of their utilization. It is the rigorous testing of evidence which separates the scientist from the rest of the intellectual milieu, after all. (A similar scenario for the circularity of functional morphological inferences has existed in work on diet, with toothwear studies representing the break in the cycle allowing independent testability there).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Investigation into how biological form equates to function is old (understandably, functional biology is one of the most immediate questions of biological enquiry)- if the history of science and how it is framed by the social situation of the day is your bag, see Padian (1995) for an eloquent, if meandering, review. For the moment I shall focus on more modern approaches.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">First, we'll deal with phylogenetic means of investigating form and function- formalized as the Extant Phylogenetic Bracket by Witmer (1995) (although the fundamentals of the method were laid out much earlier- see Stanley [1970] and Raup & Stanley [1971]). This method serves to outline a logical framework under which the presence of structures (such as non-preservable soft tissues), and indeed the function of structures, can be assigned to extinct taxa on the basis of their extant relatives. Allow me to explain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Take the cladogram below, for example. Here the extinct false sabre-tooth <i>Barbourofelis</i> is sandwiched between the extant <i>Prionodon </i>(banded and spotted Linsangs) and <i>Panthera</i>, so that these latter two extant taxa can be seen to phylogenetically bracket the extinct one. All these three taxa share, for instance, carnassial teeth. Carnassial teeth are hence a shared derived character of the three, and so is homologous in the three taxa in question. It can be demonstrated in both the extant taxa the carnassial teeth share a common function (they being specialized to shear meat- it also helps somewhat that the relation of tooth form to function, based on analogy across extant taxa, is and old and refined doctrine). Hence, it can be safely assumed that the structure is homologus amongst the taxa in both form and function, and that <i>Barbourfelis</i> also used its carnassial teeth to shear meat. This is a Level 1 inference, the most stable kind. A similar inference, Level 1', is for characters which are present in both extant taxa but for which no osteological correlate exists allowing its presence (and so function) to be directly inferred in the extinct member. Such an example would be hair, possessed by linsangs and cats, and which can be safely assumed to have been worn by <i>Barbourofelis</i> even without any fossil evidence.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Fig. 1. </b>A (highly) simplified feliform/feloid (delete according to taste) cladogram demonstrating the interrelationships of <i>Prionodon</i>, <i>Barbourfelis</i> and felids (represented by <i>Panthera</i>), top to bottom (pictures from wikipedia). Solid line circles represent structures which can be observed, solid ones pertaining to incidences where the function can also be observed (i.e. in extant taxa), open circles those for which function cannot be observed. Dotted line circles refer to traits whose presence cannot be observed, but can be inferred. Pink circles refer to shearing carnassial teeth. These and their meat-shearing function can be observed in both of the taxa which bracket <i>Barbourfelis</i> here (and indeed in all carnivorans), and they can also be observed in <i>Barbourfelis</i> itself. Hence, it can be safely assumed, in a type I inference, that they shared this common function in <i>Barbourfelis</i>. Grey circles refer to an insulatory coat of hair (of course, present in all mammals). Here the presence of this feature cannot be observed from fossil bones of <i>Barbourfelis, </i>but given its ubiquity in the outgroups its presence and function can be inferred as a type 1' inference. Finally, the broan circle refers to sabre-teeth, which can be observed in neither of the extant bracketing clades. Hence, the function of the sabre-teeth cannot be resolved through phylogenetic comparison- bring in biomechanics! [DISCLAIMER- I am not much of a cat guy. Sure, I have cats whom I like very much, I mean more that I am not particularly interested in them to the degree that some of you other guys are. Megaherbivores attract most of my attention, as we will see. So, apologies for the over-simplified bastardization of cat evolution I have committed here to explain my concept.]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Level 2 inferences rank just below these level 1 inferences in terms of reliability. Here only one of the bracketing taxa possesses a structure, but the extinct taxon also exhibits this structure (or in the case of inferring soft tissue presence, an osteological correlate), and a common function for the structure can similarly be assumed. Not ideal, but this is often the best we can do with many extinct clades- for example placoderms- these are bracketed by extant lampreys and by gnathostomes, so any inferences of jaw musculature (and so functional dynamics) must be based entirely on comparison with extant gntahostomes alone. A level 2' inference is again based on the presence of the character in one of the bracketing taxa, but with no osteological correlate of this trait present in the extinct taxon of interest. We can see here we are getting somewhat dodgy and this is not a stable inference at all.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It is level 3 inferences where we come to the shakey ground. These are inferences based upon features present in the extinct taxon alone. The trouble is, these apomorphic traits, such as the sabre-teeth of <i>Barbourofelis,</i> are often those we are interested in in the first place, owing to their unique morphology. Whilst extant phylogenetic bracketing hence provides a good framework for the conservative assignment of non-preserved aspects (tissues, functions, behaviours etc) to fossil organisms, it is of lesser value in dealing with such unusual traits or of animals with no particularly close extant relatives. Given the rampant nature of converegence in evolution, analogue with unrelated organisms can often help unravel the function of a structure. Still, in the most frustrating cases we come to interesting groups which lack particularly close and relevant relatives AND any useful analogues (looking at YOU, ornithischians).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">So, to investigate the legion of the bizarre the fossil record affords to us necessitates combining such historical (i.e. phylogenetic) approaches with ahistorical approaches- those bringing organisms under physical scrutiny. At the simplest level one can employ mechanical and biological (but not necessarily related) analogs. A somewhat fanciful example of a mechanical analog is the notion that the tails of Flagellicaudatan sauropods may have functioned like a bullwhip (although not a great deal of extra thought makes such an option appear unlikely- a post for another day, perhaps). Analogues are often course, and often many possible predictions may be drawn from the same structure; with falsification and hence testing difficult. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">An attempt for a testing framework, the paradigm method (Rudwick, 1964) has recieved wide discussion but is considered outdated today and was never particuarly useful. This method attempts to test the function of a structure through the development of a mechanical model from physical first principles to perform a task, with this "paradigm structure" hence serving as a prediction of what such a structure with such a function should look like. This can then serve as a benchmark to test observed structures against (Rudwick, 1964). However, the limitations of this method should already be obvious given some of the principles we looked at last time- with there being many ways to perform the same thing. Generating mechanical models to perform a task will rarely produce a limited number of solutions that could be compared against, the loose correlation of form and function can make such testing impossible and the biological reality of such a model is also highly suspect (Lauder, 1995 & references within). This is especially notable when one recalls that a biological structure is unlikely to be mechanically optimised for any one task due to the likelihood of having to compromise to accommodate the conflicting requirements of multiple functions, and constraints imposed by the structures and materials inherited by an organism. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">More general applicability has been derived from the opposite approach, by testing the function of a structure directly by applying physical laws to its observed shape. As all biological structures must operate according to the laws of physics (or else we'll call the physics police immediately) the underlying assumption is that whatever function the observed shape can be deemed to be best adapted towards (optimized for in the ideal case) is most likely to have been the function carried out by the organism. Treatment of such structures according to physical principles includes fairly simple modelling, such as beam theory (whereby the resistance of a structure to bending forces that may have been encountered under different functions can be assessed) and also the calculation of simple mechanical metrics (such as mechanical advantage of 3rd order lever systems such as jaws). It also includes more involved linkage models such as those of Weishampel & Norman (1989) on ornithopods and Anderson (2010) on placoderms and since the turn of the millenium (more or less), finite-element modelling in a wide range of taxa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">These various physical modelling approaches are very powerful, especially so when investigating structures unique to an extinct taxon, and I will have more to say on them in the future (given that I work within this field- more on that soon) but this post is already getting a tad inflated. Still, nothing in biology makes sense except in light of evolution, and so much greater power is afforded in combining these ahistorical techniques with the historical ones detailed above (which is nice given that I like to dabble in phylogenetics as well). The information transfer here works both ways- be that whether, for example, phylogenetic bracketing can be utilised to gain more accurate estimations of original tissue material properties in extinct taxa, or whether biomechanical analysis can provide further insight onto the function of derived character complexes and so potential pressures and mechanisms behind evolutionary trends within clades. The combination of these approaches represents the modern synthesis of biomechanics as applied to fossil (and modern) organisms.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Right, this is all starting to sound a bit like an especially vague introduction in a textbook-type-thing, so I'll stop about here. I'm anxious to start getting on to taxa proper, so let's be on with that, shall we? This and the former part together will form the philosophical background to much of what I hope to be chatting about in the upcoming series I have planned (yeah, I have some kind of plan. But I know it is really a schedule I need) as we'll never be too far from function as executed in animals.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">So, anyway, next up will be some consideration of some megaherbivorous dinosaurs. See you for the next exciting installment!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Anderson, P.S.L., 2010. Using linkage models to explore skull kinematic diversity and functional convergence in arthrodire placoderms. <i>Journal of Morphology</i>, <b>271</b>, 990-1005.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Lauder, G.V., 1995. On the inference of function from structure. <i>In:</i> Thomason, J.J. (ed.) <i>Functional morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 1-18.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Padian, K. 1995. Form versus function: the evolution of a dialectic. <i>In:</i> Thomason, J.J. (ed.) <i>Functional morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 264-277.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Raup, D.M. & Stanley, S.M., 1971. <i>Priciples of Paleontology</i>, W.H. Freeman & Co. Publishing, San Francisco. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Rudwick, M.J.S., 1964. The inference on function from structure in fossils. <i>British Journal for the Philosophy of Science</i>, <b>15</b>, 27-40.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Stanley, S.M., 1970. Relation of shell form to life habit in the Bivalvia. <i>Memoirs of the Geological Society of America</i>, <b>125</b>, 1-296. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Weishampel, D.B. & Norman, D.B., 1989. Vertebrate herbivory in the Mesozoic: Jaws, plants and evolutionary metrics. <i>Geological Society of America Special Papers</i>, <b>238</b>, 87-100.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Witmer, L.M., 1995. The Extant Phylogenetic Bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils. <i>In:</i> Thomason, J.J. (ed.) <i>Functional morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. Cambridge University Press, 19-33.</span></div>
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David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-13045836923500034062012-07-03T23:00:00.006+01:002012-10-14T12:04:46.963+01:00Tree Thinking [3]<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A while back we examined the use of phylogenetics in biological classification. I hope I managed to persuade you that tree thinking is a powerful tool by which we may objectively access the evolutionary relatedness and, consequently, the validity of taxonomic groups. The explanatory power of tree thinking, however, extends far beyond the practice of classification. By incorporating fossils into our phylogenies, we are actually able to date the origin of modern groups and determine the sequence in which their anatomical characteristics were acquired in a step-wise fashion over evolutionary time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To explain these principles, we should turn to an example, and I can think of no better than the evolution of birds. Birds are an ecologically and morphologically diverse group numbering around-about 10,000 living species; everything from the towering flightless ostriches to minute bee hummingbird. Birds are united by a number of key characteristics such as feathers, wings, a beak and a reduced tail. Molecular studies demonstrate beyond any reasonable doubt that birds are descended from reptiles; specifically they are the sister group to crocodilians (e.g. Crawford <i>et al</i>. 2012). We can therefore hypothesise that birds evolved from a crocodile-like ancestor and that bird-like characteristics were assembled gradually over this interval. However, if we consider only living forms we are faced with an evolutionary ‘gap’ between reptiles and birds because all the intermediate forms are extinct. Enter fossils! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Fossils are an invaluable source of evidence in the study of evolution because fossils, uniquely, can reveal the timing and sequence in which anatomical characteristics were acquired through a lineage. The fossil record also provides us with much hyped ‘transitional forms’ – organisms which do not sit comfortably within groups defined by living organisms, such as birds or crocodiles; instead lying somewhere between two such groups. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1.</b> A genus level chronogram of Avesuchia (birds + crocodiles) stitched together based on Sereno <i>et al</i>. 2003, Hu <i>et al</i>. 2009 and Brocklehurst <i>et al</i>. 2012. NB: This chronogram is intended as a simpified example and therefore uses few taxa. As such the divergence estimates given may be refined by inclusion of additional taxa. For more accurate bird chronograms, please see Hu <i>et al</i>. 2009 and Brocklehurst <i>et al</i>. 2012. A) <i>Crocodylus</i>, B) <i>Protosuchus</i>, C) <i>Dromaeosaurus</i>, D) <i>Microraptor</i>, E) <i>Archaeopteryx</i>, F) <i>Confucisornis</i>, G) <i>Hesperornis</i>, H) <i>Struthio</i>, I) <i>Gastornis</i>, J) <i>Haliaeetus</i>. Photo credits A-J as follows; Flickr user Michael J. Barritt, Colbert <i>et al</i>. 1951, Flickr user Christopher Bersbach, Flickr user Galileo gallery, Wikimedia Commons user Vesta, © Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, Flickr user peterroopnarine, Flickr user Illini Images. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The figure above is a chronogram – a phylogeny plotted against time. It shows the interrelations of a number of living and fossil genera. The black lines represent the temporal ranges of individual genera; determined from their earliest and last known occurrence in the fossil record. As you can see, whereas before we were faced with an anatomical gap between crocodiles and birds; the inclusion of fossils effectively fills this gap with a menagerie of transitional ‘inbetweeners’. This kind of data allows us to estimate the divergence of major clades; for example, <b>Fig. 1.</b> suggests that crocodiles and birds diverged around the Middle Triassic. Such evidence is important in calibrating molecular clocks (Donoghue and Benton 2007).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As well as providing information on divergence timings, the fossil record allows us to determine the sequence in which the characteristics of modern groups evolved. We can demonstrate this using our bird example.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Let’s consider the characteristics that define birds - feathers, beaks, a short tail, lack of teeth etc. When we examine the order in which these characteristics evolved we find, somewhat surprisingly, that feathers (that most auspicious of bird characteristics) appeared relatively early in the evolution of birds. As we can see in <b>Fig. 1.</b>, feathers occur in <i>Archaeopteryx</i>, widely touted as the ‘first’ bird, and <i>Microraptor</i>; a dinosaur closely related to <i>Dromaeosaurus</i> (C). Evidently feathers were inherited from a common ancestor of these two genera (#3)*. <i>Archaeopteryx</i>, however, demonstrates bird-like characteristics not present in <i>Microraptor</i>; the nostrils have a more posterior position on the skull and the first toe points backwards. These characteristics evolved more recently on the branch leading to birds. In other words they were inherited from a more recent bird ancestor (#4). Genera F –J are united in the presence of a pygostyle; a short tail formed of fused vertebrae important in manoeuvrability during flight, which they inherited from ancestor #5. A pygostyle is clearly a more recent evolutionary adaptation than feathers, posteriorly positioned nostrils or backwards pointing first toes. Further along the bird branch, <i>Hesperornis</i> (G) and modern birds (H – J) are united by fewer thoracic vertebrae; a trait inherited from an even more recent bird ancestor (#7). Finally, modern birds share all the characteristics previously mentioned as well as a number of diagnostic traits including the absence of teeth. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">We now can appreciate the sequence in which bird-like characteristics were acquired through their evolutionary history. Indeed, our character sequence is now so complete that we may find it difficult to draw a line between what <i>is</i> a bird and what <i>isn’t</i>. Fortunately, palaeontologists have devised an unambiguous set of rules for just such a problem. The crown-group concept, first outlined by Hennig (1981), governs the inclusion of fossil organisms into biological classification systems. A crown-group is defined as a clade consisting of the last common ancestor of all living members of a particular group, plus all of its descendants. In our bird example the crown-group must include the living bird genera (H and J), their last common ancestor (#8), and all descendants of that ancestor (I and #9). <i>Gastornis</i> (I) is an extinct member of the crown-group because it is descended from the last common ancestor of all living birds and therefore shares all anatomical characteristics which define living birds. Genera with a subset of the characteristics of living birds yet more closely related to them than any other crown-group fall on the stem leading to crown-group birds (e.g genera C – G).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Last year there was a bit of a debacle when Xu <i>et al</i>. (2011) published a phylogeny suggesting <i>Archaeopteryx</i> was not a ‘basal bird’ and was infact more closely related to dinosaurs like <i>Dromaeosaurus</i>. The press triumphantly proclaimed that <i>Archaeopteryx</i> had been knocked off its perch as the first bird! In response Lee & Worthy 2011 published a likelihood analysis reinstating Archaeopteryx in its former position as a ‘primitive bird’. By employing the crown-group concept, we can see that describing <i>Archaeopteryx</i> as the first bird, or indeed a primitive or basal bird is actually completely arbitrary. <i>Archaeopteryx</i> only has a subset of bird-like characteristics and possessed some very un-bird-like features such as teeth, a long tail and clawed fingers. In reality, <i>Archaeopteryx</i> is a stem-bird – a transitional ‘inbetweener’ and therefore doesn’t deserve the mantra of first bird. The same is true of dinosaurs; therefore in either position <i>Archaeopteryx</i> can be described as a ‘primitive’ or ‘basal’ bird. In our Phylogeny (Fig. 1.), hypothetical ancestor #8 can be described as the first bird in the sense that it shared all the anatomical characteristics of modern birds. The earliest crown-group bird for which we have good fossil material is <i>Vegavis iaai </i>(Clarke <i>et al</i>. 2005), from the Late Cretaceous, which would have been instantly recognisable as a bird. On the other hand, a contender for the earliest total-group bird (stem + crown-group) is <i>Scleromochlus taylori </i>(Woodward 1907) from the Late Triassic (see <b>Fig. 2.</b>). This animal looks more like a crocodile or a lizard – yet it is more closely related to birds than it is to any other living group.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 2. </b> Two very different contenders for the title of 'first bird' - <i>Vegavis iaai</i> (left) is perhaps the earliest known crown-group bird, where as <i>Scleromochlus taylori </i>(right) is commonly regarded as one of the earliest total-group birds. Picture credits left - right; © Kazuhiko Sano, Wikimedia Commons user Pavel Riha. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Of course, attempting to identify the ‘first bird’ is a trivial pursuit. The importance of fitting fossils into phylogenies is that they provide deeper understanding of the anatomical transformations that lead to modern groups such as birds. These transformations occurred gradually in a step-wise manner over long periods of time, therefore it is unsurprising that we should find it difficult to identify the ‘first’ of any group; we are trying to draw lines in the sand. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">*UPDATE: The timely announcement yesterday of the discovery of <i>Sciurumimus albersdoerferi</i>, a feathered megalosauroid dinosaur from the Jurassic of Germany, is just one more puzzle piece in the mounting evidence supporting the antiquity of feathers in the evolutionary lineage leading to birds. Read the full story <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/rise-of-the-feathered-dinosaurs-1.10933">here!</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Brocklehurst, N., Upchurch, P., Mannion, P.D. & O'Connor J. 2012. The Completeness of the Fossil Record of Mesozoic Birds: Implications for Early Avian Evolution. PLoS ONE, 7, e39056. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039056</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Clarke, J.A., Tambussi, C.P., Noriega, J.I., Erickson, G.M. & Ketcham, R.A. 2005. Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous. Nature, 433, 305-308. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Crawford, N.G., Faircloth, B.C., McCormack, J.E., Brumfield, R.T., Winker, K. & Glenn, T.C. 2012. More than 1000 ultraconserved elements provide evidence that turtles are the sister group of archosaurs. Biology letters, doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0331.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Donoghue, P.C.J. & Benton, M.J. 2007. Rocks and clocks: calibrating the Tree of Life using fossils and molecules. Ecology and Evolution, 22, 424-431. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Hennig, W. 1981. Insect phylogeny. Wiley, New York. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Hu, D., Hou, L., Zhang, L. & Xu, X. 2009. A pre-<i>Archaeopteryx</i> troodontid theropod from China with long feathers on the metatarsus. Nature, 461, 640-643.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Lee, M.S.Y. & Worthy, T.H. 2012. Likelihood reinstates <i>Archaeopteryx</i> as a primitive bird. Biology Letters, 8, 299–303.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Sereno, P.C., Sidor, C.A., Larsson, H.C.E. & Gado, B. 2003. A new notosuchian from the Early Cretaceous of Niger. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 477-482.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Woodward, A.S. 1907. On a new dinosaurian reptile (<i>Scleromochlus taylori</i>, gen. et sp. nov.) from the Trias of Lossiemouth, Elgin. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 63, 140-144.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Xu, X., You, H., Du, K., Han, F. 2011. An <i>Archaeopteryx</i>-like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae. Nature, 475, 465–470.</span></div>
<p><span style="display:none">sciseekclaimtoken-4ff3864085511</span></p>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-62734447331725227952012-05-14T18:19:00.004+01:002012-10-14T12:02:46.322+01:00Hypothetical sauropod flatulence- a little bit on that, a lot more on inferences on sauropod digestive physiology<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Hello all, my humblest
apologies on my paucity of posting, the last month or so has constricted my
time heavily. I am afraid lots has come up recently. A feeble excuse I know, I
must try harder. <s>Definately</s> <s>Dafinately</s> <s>Difinitely</s> <s>Dfyghlk</s>
<b>Certainly.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Anyway, I'm just breaking
from what will be a following further exploration on the background of
biomechanics before breaking into our main serials to take a look at a
much discussed recent paper by Wilkinson <i>et al</i>. (2012) on sauropod
flatulence. As a note here, I work on
sauropods, so this paper did catch my interest perhaps more than it should
have. The media, predictably, has ran as far as they can with this, with Fox
News even claiming that the dinosaurs “farted their way to extinction” You’ll
all be relieved to hear that the paper does not say anything like this at all,
they merely calculate total methane emissions from the global sauropod
population and postulate that this would be sufficient to be a considerable
influence on atmospheric carbon budgets.They did this by extrapolating from a
regression of methane production versus body mass for extant nonruminant
herbivores (that of Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011a) up to sauropodan body masses,
and using estimated sauropod population densities to establish an outputted
methane budget. This is notable in that precisely almost none of this is based upon
actual data, but is a stack of assumptions and inferences. Let's explore
deeper.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Figure 1: </b>Has that <i>Kentrosaurus</i> chosen the worst place to stand on Earth? According to Wilkinson <i>et al</i>. (2012) it would be a hot time in the ol' town tonight. <i>Diplodocus</i>, posterior view, with <i>Kentrosaurus</i> in the foreground, taken in the main hall of the Humboldt Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Now, we all know that
ruminant mammals are significant contributors to atmospheric methane, with
ruminant livestock only behind wetlands and rice paddies in terms of biological
greenhouse gas emissions (Tyler, 1991). In fact, methane production is a facet
of herbivorous life for vertebrates (Fievez <i>et al</i>., 2001; Clauss &
Hummel, 2005; Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011a,b,c) Cue endless "gags"
about farting cows. Such jokes always serve only to irritate me, I am not
entirely sure why. It is not as if I do not enjoy childish puerility, but maybe
it as these "jokes" always seem to lack a shred of irony. Indeed,
ruminants do a lot for us for very little respect (ruminants are, in my
opinion, the single greatest clade ever to have existed). Also, the majority of
ruminant methane is in fact released through belching as opposed to through the
anus, and unlike farts burps are never funny. And yes I am aware of this in light of what I have just done in a picture caption above. That was for introductory purposes only! But I digress.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Anyway, much has been
made of the assumptions in this paper, and I thought it might be informative to
go through them. This will be less a critique on the paper than the exploration
of some of the concepts behind it, as core concepts of herbivory and how those
might apply to sauropods- themes which interest me greatly.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Vertebrates cannot access the
majority of the energy locked into fibrous plant material unassisted, as they
cannot enzymatically break down cellulose. As a result, the majority of modern
herbivores instead employ symbiotic gut microbes (dominated by bacteria- the
gut microflora, but with protists and fungi as well- Hummel & Clauss,
2011). The methane sourced from modern herbivores is a by-product of this
microbial fermentation of fibrous material, as a consequence of the methanogenic
action of Archaea (Jensen, 1996), a process serving as a sink for hydrogen
generated by the fermenting activity of other constituents of the gut
microflora (Immig, 1996; Jensen, 1996). This fermentation is carried out in an
enlarged fermentation chamber, which may be present in the hindgut (the colon
and/or cecum) as in a horse, or in the foregut (the stomach) as in a colobus
monkey. Ruminants have adapted the latter approach with their famed four
chambered stomach. After swallowing food is fermented in the rumen and
reticulum (together the reticulorumen), where it is then regurgitated to be
chewed and swallowed again after initial processing in "chewing the
cud". It is then reswallowed for further and final processing, and passes
on into the other two chambers (the omassum and abomassum), the former which
absorbs water and the latter the "true stomach" and then onto the
intestines.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Anyway, the first
assumption here is that sauropods too will have made use of symbiotic gut
microflora. The development of a fermentation chamber in the gastrointestinal
tract has arisen in groups as diverse as artiodactyls, perissodactyls,
afrotheres, lagomorphs, rodents, marsupials, xenarthrans, ratites, galliformes,
the hoatzin, tortoises, iguanids, agamids and numerous other times within
lizards, hellsteeth even in bloody tadpoles (Pryor & Bjorndal, 2005).
Coprolite data also confirms such habits for some extinct giant birds (e.g.
James & Burney, 1997). Very few extant do not employ such
fermentation- at the moment the only prominent ones I can only think of are
geese, which cannot afford the space or weight of an expanded gastointestinal
tract due to the necessity of large flight muscles for long migrations
(Klasing, 1998), and pandas (Dierenfeld <i>et al</i>., 1982) whom morphologically
are still effectively carnivores. These animals are restricted to extracting
only the easily digestible components of foliage, compensating for this very
low digestibility with high intake rates (Prop & Vulink, 1992; Hummel
& Clauss, 2011). Such an approach is highly unlikely to have been employed
by sauropods at their titanic sizes- they would never have managed to get
enough to eat- and fermentation seems a reliable inference (Hummel &
Clauss, 2011).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Right, so a methane-producing
fermenting gastrointestinal tract seems a likely to have been possessed by
sauropods. Brill. But how can we derive an estimate of methane production from
this given that there are no extant taxa, animals of anywhere near approximate
size or direct fossil evidence that could be informative of this? Indeed,
sauropods lack any extant particularly close relatives, and don’t even have a
decent analogue. Like so much in sauropod palaeobiology it comes down to
scaling- that is regressing a character (such as methane production) against
body mass in an effort to find if a general relationship exists across extant
taxa across as many orders of magnitude of mass as possible. Then, if this
holds, to extrapolate it up to sauropodan body masses.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Methane production does
increase with increasing herbivore body mass (Clauss & Hummel, 2005 and
references within; Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011a,b,c). Now, this is not just a
consequence of increasing food intake. Basal metabolic rate and hence dry
matter intake does not scale linearly with body mass, but due to energetic
savings associated with size does so to an exponent of approximately 0.75 (see
Clauss <i>et al</i>., 2007 for a recent review and invaluable references
within). Methane production instead increases approximately linearly with body
mass across all observed herbivores- including reptiles such as tortoises
(Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011a,b,c) (in fact, reptiles and mammals show similarity
in numerous metrics such as digestive efficiency [Troyer, 1984]). The primary
difference is the basal metabolic rate, and so absolute food intake, is about
10 times smaller in the ectothermic reptiles [Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011b]). I
personally find this great commonality of microbial fermentative behaviour
across ectothermic and endothermic taxa incredible. These relatively greater
energetic losses to methaogenic action are probably the result of various
factors, including the declining surface area: volume of the gastrointestinal
tract as size increases. This leads to slower uptake rates and so the longer persistence
of fermentation products which can serve as a substrate for methanogenic
bacterial growth (Clauss & Hummel, 2005). Anyway, this near linear
increase in fact makes it somewhat easy to project methane release for
sauropods.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There are complications,
however- that is that methane production varies with digestive physiology-
specifically between ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores. Whilst it is true
that methane production increases roughly linearly in both ruminant and
non-ruminant) extant herbivores the y-intercept differs markedly- so that a ruminant
will produce much more methane than a similarly sized nonruminant (Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011b,c) (figure 2). As a note, nonruminant
foregut fermenters show methane emissions very similar to those of hind-gut
fermenting animals (Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011b). I find, that in this regard at
least, ruminants differ more in fermentative behaviour from other herbivores
than say, a rhinoceros does from a tortoise, incredible (figure 2).</span></div>
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" 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" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Figure 2:</b> Methane emissions (in litres per day) plotted against body mass for extant herbivores. Top: plot from Franz <i>et al</i>. (2011a) with ruminants in light grey, nonrumminants (named) in black. The equation for each line is present, observe how the exponent lies close to a linear relationship. From Franz <i>et al</i>. (2011a). Bottom: plot including tortoises from Franz <i>et al</i>. (2011b), with ruminants the dark grey line, nonruminant mammals the light grey line and tortoises in black. The lower absolute methane emissions for tortoises are a result of lower intakes due to their ectothermy (hence it being about 10 times lower- 0.014 versus 0.18). The slightly higher exponent here still falls within the confidence intervals for nonruminant herbivores; tortoises differ significantly only from ruminants. From Franz <i>et al</i>. (2011b).</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The greater methanogenic
action in ruminants is consequence both of the chemical microenvironment (in
the hind gut acetogenesis rather than methanogenesis serves as the chief
hydrogen sink [Prins & Lackhorst, 1977; Immig, 1996; Fievez <i>et al</i>.,
2001] and also that the voluminous rumen has a lower surface area: volume than
the stomach of a nonruminant herbivore (Clauss & Hummel, 2005). Indeed,
energetic losses due to methanogenesis have been cited as a reason why foregut
fermenters appear unable to achieve as large sizes and hindgut fermenters- or
indeed sizes much larger than the extant hippo (Clauss & Hummel, 2005;
Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011b). The hypothetical limit for hindgut fermenters due
to this problem is at around 100 tonnes (Franz <i>et al</i>., 2011b)- which
will no doubt be prompting great interest in astute readers with reference to
sauropods right now.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Anyway, it is now then that
we (well, they) must pick another great assumption for which there is no direct
evidence and no real way to test- which fermenting strategy sauropods would
have performed. Sauropods are far more likely to have employed hindgut than
foregut fermentation (Hummel and Clauss, 2011) for a variety of reasons. First,
hindgut fermentation is far more ubiquitous in amniote herbivores, having been
developed multiple times independently within modern reptiles, birds and
mammals. Foregut fermentation has only arisen within the artiodactyls (pigs
have reverted to hindgut fermentation), in some monkeys (Chivers & Hladik,
1980), in some marsupials, some rodents and in the hoatzin (utilizing the crop).
Modern reptiles employ fermentation in the large intestine, the most anterior
fermentation sites I know of are seen in a handful of terrapins that show both
small and large intestine fermentation (Bouchard & Bjorndal, 2005).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Additionally, foregut fermentation
is only an effective strategy at comparatively low intake rates (Clauss <i>et
al</i>., 2008, 2010; Hummel & Clauss, 2011). When it comes to digesting
foliage, the digestion of the (comparatively small) easily digestible fraction
(soluble carbohydrates, proteins and fats) is much quicker than the slow
fermentation of cellulose (Hummel <i>et al</i>., 2006). Retention time in the
gut is inversely proportional to intake rate- as, to put it simply, the
ingested fibrous fodder pushes material through the digestive system. The
longer food is retained and fermented, the greater cellulose digestibility that
can be achieved, but there is a trade-off in that this necessitates lesser
overall intake- which can alternatively be used to compensate for lower
digestibility. In hindgut fermenters this fraction is digested first in the
stomach, with it then being followed by the longer process of fermentation in
the colon. This process is flexible- some animals, like rhinoceroses, retain
food in the hindgut for a long time and have a correspondingly lower intake
rate, whereas others, such as elephants, opt for greater intake and lower
retention- and so fermentation times, leading also to lesser digestive
efficiency (Clauss <i>et al</i>., 2003, 2007, 2008)- this approach is
apparently necessary to avoid excessive losses as a result of methanogenesis
(Van Soest, 1994; Clauss <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>.,
2003; Clauss & Hummel, 2005). In foregut fermenters, however, the
fermentation occurs first, with the easily digested fraction being absorbed in
the abomasum/intestines. Fermenting the easily digestible fraction first
degrades it, leading to a relative energy loss as compared to the hindgut fermenting
system (Stevens & Hume, 1998). Foregut fermenters sacrifice this, and their
greater losses to methanogenesis, for greater fermentation times allowing
greater digestibility of cellulose, and only appears to have been successful in
groups employing thorough mechanical particle size reduction (Hummel &
Clauss, 2011). It is at relatively lower intake rates, and milking every ounce,
that foregut fermenting represents a competitively superior digestive strategy,
but at higher intake rates and the associated relatively decreased retention
times losses wind up occurring in both the easily digestible and cellulose
components. Hindgut fermenters instead represent an superior approach to the
mass consumption and often speedier processing of low-quality plant material.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sauropods, with the lack of any chewing potential (a post in the near future)
or gastrolith action (Wings & Sander, 2007) and with their truly stupendous
fodder requirements, would seem to be constrained to a high intake strategy. They
would have been unlikely to have been able to achieve this effectively with a
foregut fermenting system- especially as the lack of any kind of mechanical
particle reduction would have meant prodigious fermentation times (Farlow,
1987; Hummel & Clauss, 2011) of perhaps 16 days (Franz <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2009). There are other reasons too which we'll go into
another time. Note that none of this is testable at all, and remains but
inference, but all too often it is all we have. And all of this aside, it is
extraordinarily unlikely that sauropods would have developed a ruminant-esque
strategy- given that it is known from only two extant clades (Tylopoda and
Ruminata, and these are both within the artiodactyls), and rumination- that is,
with regurgitation, would be pointless in a herbivore which did not chew.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">My initial fear from reading
press releases talking about cow emissions was that Wilkinson <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>. (2012) had scaled up from extant
ruminants- however, reading the paper they actually used the nonruminant
regression against body mass of Franz <i>et al</i>. (2011a) to extrapolate
methane emissions up to sauropod scale. Good. Not that there are not still
qualms one can have about this data- the specimens studied in experimental work
were fed on hay as a generalised resource- one which was not accessible to
sauropods. Indeed- the highly fibrous nature of grass prolongs retention times
(Clauss <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2003), which
conceivably could increase fermentation extent and methane release, perhaps? I
am afraid I am but a palaeontologist, and no digestive physiologist, so if any
readers with more knowledge on how forage choice influences methane emissions
would be so inclined I would love to hear what you have to say on that. Additionally,
extrapolating anything way beyond the realms of which we have experience, or data,
is a very dangerous game. The largest sauropods exceeded other herbivorous
animals by an order of magnitude in body mass (Sander & Clauss, 2008;
Sander <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2010) and even the
moderate 20 tonne mass used as a simplification by Wilkinson <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>. (2012) greatly exceeds our
experience from modern elephants. This is an inevitable pitfall when dealing
with sauropods at all, given their stupendous size. Especially given the
difficulties of increasing energy losses to methanogenesis with increasing body
size, it is entirely reasonable that sauropods would have developed means to
reduce these losses. Still, such statements are pure conjecture, and our basic
assumption must lie from that observed trends in modern taxa.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">However, we now must come
into estimates of biomass density, which is a whole world of pain. Whilst
sauropod body mass is becoming better agreed upon post the pneumatic revolution
(see the very helpful appendix in Klein <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et
al</i>., 2011) the number of animals per unit area is more difficult to deal
with. A simple census is out of the question given the fiendish incompleteness
of the terrestrial vertebrate fossil record.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Any consideration of sauropod
population dynamics will inevitably turn to the Morrison Formation as a
reference- this exceptionally fossiliferous sequence from the Late Jurassic of
the Western USA has produced many infamous dinosaur finds- including, of
particular interest to us, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amphicoelias</i>,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apatosaurus</i>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Barosaurus</i>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Brachiosaurus</i>,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Haplocanthosaurus</i>,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Supersaurus</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Suuwasea</i>. It is indeed the best example of a sauropod dominated
ecosystem known. We will no doubt return to the Morrison Formation many times
in the future, so please excuse the brief treatment here.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">That hero of speculative
herbivorous dinosaur work, Farlow, and others (2010) performed a series of
estimates of sauropod population density derived from comparison with work on
extant megaherbivores. For these estimates the feasible population density of
sauropods was drawn from calculated estimates of the carrying capacity of the
environment- that is the productivity of the Morrison vegetation which in turn
afforded fodder to the megaherbivorous community. They did in this two ways-
first by using carry capacity as calculated from a modern ecosystem with an
extremely high biomass of megaherbivores (a modern African ungulate community-
this one being of remarkable biomass thanks to a high population density of hippos-
debate amongst yourselves), and second from values derived from estimated based
upon the palaeobotanical record of the formation.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The assumptions in these calculations are
manifold and indeed are discussed by the authors themselves; I would recommend
it to anyone interested in megaherbivore population dynamics or dinosaur
ecology in general as a nice thought experiment. Assumptions come in on the
level of the suitability of an extant analogue (especially given the very
different floras), of the quality and biases in the floral record of the
Morrison, of the productivity of these prehistoric plants, of the absence of
any particular biases in the relative abundances of each of the dinosaurian
taxa, of dinosaur metabolism, of dinosaur population structure and so and so
forth. The floral assumption is perhaps most troubling- whilst horsetails and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Araucaria</i> might compare favourably to
modern angiosperm browse (Hummel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>.,
2008; Hummel & Clauss, 2011) cycads, ferns and other vegetation available
to sauropods is notably nutritionally inferior. Hence, even if primary
productivity was higher in Mesozoic ecosystems (as argued by Wilkinson <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2012 as consequence of higher CO<sub>2
</sub>levels) how much of that might be available to sauropods is uncertain. This
method of calculating biomass also depends upon food being the limiting factor
on megaherbivore populations- to be fair that usually at least seems to be the
case today, but was not necessarily so for dinosaurs- indeed, the breeding
strategy and population structure of sauropods (high numbers of eggs laid,
producing many young but with few surviving to adulthood) would have suited
predators very well and predation upon many juveniles may not only have been a
limit on herbivore population sizes but also the key of permitting so many
giant carnivores in the Mesozoic.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Anyway, Wilkinson <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>. (2012) then chose the estimates
as calculated for sauropods of an ectothermic metabolism. Whilst it is true
that at least adult sauropods were probably closer to modern ectotherms than
endotherms in terms of metabolism, as metabolism probably decreased with age,
it would probably be more accurate to utilise an intermediate value. As is
being increasingly well known, ectothermy and endothermy are but end points on
a continuum which dinosaurs seem to have spread themselves across. This is a
debate for another day, but histological evidence seems to indicate a
trachymetabolic (elevated) basal metabolic rate in young sauropods (which would
fuel the observed high growth rates) which then slowed into adulthood (Sander <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2010). In fact, this question is
partially ameliorated for us in that although at “small” body sizes ecotherms
show a metabolic rate 10 times lower than an equally massed endotherm, scaling
up according to calculated metabolic exponents from modern taxa shows that in
giant animals the metabolic parameter of ecto- and endotherms converges- so
that about 50 tonnes they would be identical- so the simple conversion referred
to below is inaccurate.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Metabolism is notable here in
that assuming a lower metabolism will result in increased biomass estimates
being able to be supported by the environment. This gives them a biomass
density of 377000kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Then, they take a conservative value by
arbitrarily cutting this value to 200000kg/m<sup>2</sup>- the significance of
this value presumably being to make the maths more nicely rounded. Note,
however, that this value still dwarfs the 42000kg/m<sup>2</sup> estimate
derived if the opposite extreme of metabolism (endothermy) is considered, and
is also more than double the calculated biomasses of McNab (2009). The division
of this biomass into 10 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apatosaurus</i>,
each at 20 tonnes, is then interesting given that the most common Morrison
sauropods (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diplodocus carnegii</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camarasaurus lentus</i>) were smaller than <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apatosaurus</i> (but to be fair <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amphicoelias fragillimus</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brachiosaurus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C. supremeus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">D. hallorum</i>
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Supersaurus</i> were all larger), and
indeed that the biomass value in question was originally calculated from a
population density of 11-15 animals per km<sup>2</sup>. To then convert this
back into 10 individuals makes everything rather circular. It also forces us to
believe ecosystems supporting 5 or so times the biomass as we observe in modern
scenarios- whilst some dinosaur communities would seem to have undoubtedly
featured greater overall biomass whether we really believe this is likely as a
general rule or to this extent is something I invite us all to individually
muse upon.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To extrapolate this estimate
across the whole earth is of little reliability indeed. The sauropods seem to
have been rather fond of mesic settings (Upchurch <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2004) but were too diverse and ubiquitous to be stereotyped
to a single environmental preference- indeed the rebbachisaurs for example may
potentially have been specialized to arid conditions (Salgado <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>., 2012). As such it is quite
possible that the Morrison environment was exceptionally diverse and the
suggestion by Wilkinson <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>. (2012)
that its semi-arid setting probably makes it a conservative estimate of
sauropod biomass is pretty baseless. Indeed, the suggestion of sauropods- as
successful as cosmopolitan as they were, inhabited half of the entire land
surface of the globe to such a degree seems fanciful. Their insistence that the
results are still significant a factor of two either side itself pales when one
considers that Farlow <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>. (2010)
calculated a range of results <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">10 times</i>
around that of their preferred values, and the massive stack of assumptions
stacked on top of this in this paper means that the margins of error are both
unknown and colossal.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Still, I do concede that
their method here is as good as one could get for a rather quick and dirty
estimate of global sauropod biomass- but in no way do I mean that I endorse
this as an accurate or even likely estimation of global sauropod populations.
This represents the greatest methodological misgiving I have with this paper,
that and the absence of ornithischians which may have provided a greater
context to interpret the importance of sauropod emissions under.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And that is just it in the
end- whilst the whole paper here is built on a stack of inferences and
assumptions that cannot really be verified and are highly uncertain. If one had
a gun put to one’s head and was told to derive an estimate of global sauropod
methane output then this is how you would do it. However, does that mean the
paper is really particularly worthy of publication or deep consideration? No. The
problem most of the scientists I know have with this paper is this futility of
it as an exercise- there is no new data here, no revolutionary inference. Nothing
which any one of you could have quickly totted up one afternoon. We all already
knew that sauropods must have fed somewhere into the global methane budget- and
indeed they must have heavily influenced the environment. All megaherbivores do
this- it is part of what makes them the most interesting ecological guild of
animals. Putting numbers at all to the methane production of long-extinct
behemoths is really implying a degree of certainty we cannot have.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The numbers produced here do
serve as an entertaining exercise in speculation, but as all such exercises the
real merit is that it forces you to address the assumptions implicit in various
estimations of palaeobiology as you go along. Ultimately the points of
inference and the assumptions here, and what they tell us of sauropods and of
extant animals are much more interest than the paper itself- a rather silly
little outing on hypothetical flatulence. Hence the tone of this article. So,
what have we learned? Well, we have learned that inferences on sauropod
digestive physiology can be inferred from comparisons with modern herbivores
and through consideration of likely feeding approach of sauropods, and that a
hindgut fermenting system, as developed multiple times in modern mammals, birds
and reptiles, is highly likely. It has also taken us through a few factoids
about digestion and behaviour in modern animals-a big power of the study of
palaeontology, and perhaps especially in dinosaurs which have seen much
interest and have had parallels from many systems drawn, is that they also
stimulate work in and help us understand our own extant fauna better.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">So, in conclusion, whilst
there was not necessarily anything in the methodology which could have been
improved, was this paper worth publishing? No, not really. All it does is tell
us things we already knew and makes essentially meaningless calculations
derived from them. Anyway, let us look ahead to the future. The clunky musings
I made into digestion here can serve as a foreshadowing to an upcoming serial
(once I have done introducing biomechanics and what it is I do) “herbivory in
tetrapods”. Oh yes. Should be a blast.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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& Ruxton, G.D. 2012. Could methane produced by sauropod dinosaurs have
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Biology</i>, <b>22</b>, R292-293.</span></div>David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-50578451623327649262012-05-04T14:46:00.002+01:002012-10-14T12:03:50.091+01:00Sea Squirt to Dave Wells [2]<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Embryology, Phyla and Metazoan Evolution</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Let’s get one thing straight; when it
comes to animals, evolution is decidedly 'wormy'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When we learn about animals in primary
school, we are introduced to vertebrates and invertebrates. Most of our attention, however, is focussed
on vertebrates. After all, this is the
group to which dinosaurs, whales, elephants and humans belong to. In comparison, small spineless bugs, worms
and shellfish can do little to hold the attention of a reception class. In my opinion it is unfortunate that this
over-simplified notion of vertebrates and invertebrates is how we are
introduced to the animal kingdom. It is,
of course, a deeply skewed view of animal diversity which in some ways
trivialises the real variety of organisms encapsulated by the term ‘animal’. True animal biodiversity is as bizarre as it
is humbling. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1.</b> Evolutionary tree of
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal">Metazoa</a> based
on the molecular phylogeny of Paps <i>et al</i> 2009.
Click to see full resolution. </span></span><br />
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<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The diagram above presents a hypothesis
for the evolutionary relatedness of major living animal groups. Take a
closer look. You might be surprised to find that every other branch of
this tree depicts some kind of weird and wonderful 'worm'. Of course there are also familiar faces such
as arthropods (which include crabs, lobsters, spiders, scorpions and
insects), molluscs (which include squid, octopuses, clams, mussels and snails),
echinoderms (which include starfish, sea lilies and sea urchins),
cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones and corals), porciferans (sponges) and
chordates (the group including vertebrates). What about the rest though?
Many of these unfamiliar 'wormy' groups look superficially similar. When we examine their genes, however, we find
an altogether different story. Despite
appearances, these ‘worms’ are genetically distinct. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In biology, we call major animal groups
‘phyla’ (singular; phylum). The term was
originally coined by the noted embryologist and evolutionist; Ernst Haeckel, in
1874 and 1876. Haeckel held two
simultaneous definitions for the term phylum.
On the one hand, he perceived it as a high-level rank in Linnaean
taxonomy. This, however, is a somewhat
arbitrary concept as it is concerned with morphological disparity rather than
common evolutionary descent, (<a href="http://evopalaeo.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/tree-thinking-2.html">see previous</a>).
On the other hand, Haeckel used the term to describe major branches of
his evolutionary trees indicating organisms united by a common body plan
inherited through shared ancestry. In
the wake of molecular and developmental data and the advent of cladistic
analyses, the focus on phyla has shifted away from considering them merely a
measure of morphological separation, and towards attempting to understand their
evolutionary affinity (Briggs and Fortey 2005).
It is perhaps not surprising, then, that modern usage of the term
follows Haeckel’s second definition. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Following in the footsteps of Haeckel, we
must embrace an embryological perspective if we are to untangle the
complexities of our metazoan tree. From
this perspective we can recognise four major branches of metazoan life; poriferans
(sponges), diploblasts, protostomes and deuterostomes. These four branches of animal diversity reflect important
distinctions in embryonic development occurring during gastrulation; a process
whereby the early embryo undergoes dramatic reorganisation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The development of sponges is bizarre and
quite unlike that of other metazoans.
While they undergo gastrulation, the reorganised embryo does not then
develop a digestive tube, circulatory system, nervous system or muscles like
other metazoan clades. Furthermore, sponges
have archeocytes; motile cells which can differentiate into any other cell
types in the body. It is these peculiar archeocytes
which allow a sponge, broken down into individual cells, to reaggregate into a
new sponge. Because of their strange anatomy
and embryological development, sponges are regarded as the most primitive living
metazoans. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 2.</b> Extract from the BBC's 'First Life' series showing the amazing capability of sponges to reaggregate their cells. This is facillitated by motile somatic archeocyte cells. </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Narrated by David Attenborough. Interview with Prof. Bernard Degnan (University of Queensland).</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Diploblasts, which include cnidarians and
ctenophorans, can be recognised by their radial symmetry. During gastrulation, diploblastic embryos are
enclosed within two cell layers called ectoderm and endoderm. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Fig. 3.</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Development
of protostome and deuterostome embryos. Image from Wikimedia Commons user YassineMrabet.
Click to see full resolution.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The remainder of metazoan groups fall
within either the protostomes or deuterostomes. Together these branches form the clade Bilateria;
recognised by their bilateral symmetry and by their triploblastic embryos enclosed
within three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm). During gastrulation, protostomes form a mouth
opening first, at or close to the site of the gut opening of the embryo (see <b>Fig. 3</b>). The coelom, or body chamber, is then produced
within the previously densely packed mesoderm.
Protostomes can be further split into ecdysozoans and
lophotrochozoans. Ecdysozoans are
characterised by their habit of moulting their exterior skeletons, where as
lophotrochozoans share a common type of embryological cell cleavage, a common
larval form and a common feeding apparatus.
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Deuterostomes form the anus first, during
gastrulation (insert suitable pun here).
The mouth opening forms later at a different location. Furthermore, deuterostomes form their body
cavity from mesodermal pouches extending from the gut, rather than from the ‘solid’
mesoderm (see <b>Fig. 3</b>). This deep embryological
similarity is what defines the seemingly bizarre grouping of echinoderms,
hemichordates and chordates. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I hope this post serves as a satisfactory re-introduction to metazoan biodiversity. During this whirlwind overview we have explored some of the fundamental body plans encapsulated by the term 'animal' and considered deep embryological synapomorphies, revealing intricate interrelations between metazoan groups. Hopefully you, the fulfilled reader, will now hold starfish in greater regard as our evolutionary cousins. If that is too greater aspiration, then I at least hope you will have an answer the next time somebody asks you "which <i>phylum </i>does this worm belong to?". But were not finished with worms.. oh no! Stay tuned for 'Chordates: the Glorified Worms!' </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Briggs, D. E. G.
& Fortey, R. A. 2005. Wonderful strife: systematics, stem
groups, and the phylogenetics signal of the Cambrian radiation. <i>Palaeobiology</i>,
<b>31</b>, 94-112. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Haeckel, E. 1874.
Anthropogenie, Engelmann, Leipzig.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Haeckel, E. 1876. The
History of Creation [E. Haeckel, R. Lankester, tr. from 2nd or 3rd German
edition of Natürliche<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Schöpfungsgeschichte]. Appleton,
New York. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Paps, J., Baguñà, J. &
Riutort, M. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2009.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Lophotrochozoa internal phylogeny: new
insights from an up-to-date analysis of nuclear ribosomal genes.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Proceedings
of the Royal Society B</i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, </span><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">276</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, 1245–1254.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Further Reading</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Gilbert, . F. 2006.
Developmental Biology 8th Edition. Sinauer, Massachusetts, USA.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Valentine, J. W. 2006. On the origin
of Phyla, University of Chicago Press, USA.</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-38063360789164220012012-04-28T16:02:00.002+01:002012-04-28T16:02:31.249+01:00News!<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">So a while back I promised some big news. I'm very happy to tell you that I have accepted a Ph.D. at the University of Bristol studying the Origin and early evolution of the vertebrate skeleton. I'm very exited about this project and can't wait to get going later this year. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I'm sure I will get a chance to tell you all about my research once I get settled in sometime in October/November. Until then, expect some more exiting palaeo musings including topics such as 'what is a chordate?', 'Stem-groups and dinosaurs' and 'Cambrian vertebrates'. As always, feel free to post any comments, questions or suggestions you may have to me or Dave and we'll endeavour to get back to you swiftly. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cheers</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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Joe.</div>
</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-88702086614344965522012-04-28T15:44:00.001+01:002012-10-14T12:04:46.966+01:00Tree Thinking [2]<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><b>Talking Trees and Ranks</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">“King penguins can often feed giant squids”. This handy phrase was the way I remembered
Linnaean taxonomy during my GCSE’s. Linnaean
taxonomy is a fairly simple classification system which organises the natural
world into ranks defined by particular morphologies. The 7 primary ranks are, of course, Kingdom,
Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species, of which kingdom is the most
inclusive and species is the least. In
other words a kingdom contains a number of phyla, which in turn contains a
number of classes and so on. There is a
problem intrinsic with this classification system, however, and we can see it
as clear as day through our phylogenetics goggles. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1. </b> Amniote evolutionary tree. Bonus points for anyone who knows the name of the baseball player. Photo credits (left to right) flickr users; </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;">twm1340, </span>Rogeliotoba, Hamilton Images, Michael J. Barritt, Illini Images. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Fig. 1.</b> depicts the relationship between amniotes. The coloured ellipses represent 3 different
groups which we, employing the principles of Linnaean taxonomy, may logically
suggest based on shared morphology.
Firstly, let’s make sure that we are reading our tree correctly. The white lines, which we refer to as
branches and stems just as in a regular tree, represent independent
evolutionary lineages. The purple nodes
represent the most recent common ancestor shared between two independent
lineages. The branch leading to
crocodilians, for example, represents the direct ancestors of crocodilians
stretching back to a common ancestor shared between crocodilians and birds
(represented by node no. 4 at the base of these two branches). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When we consider the natural world from an evolutionary
perspective using trees, there are 3 kinds of groups we can construct. These are termed monophyletic, paraphyletic
and polyphyletic groups. A monophyletic
group (also known as a clade) is a group which contains a common ancestor + all
of its descendents. In tree language,
this translates as all branches and all nodes originating from a single shared
node. Crocodiles and birds, for
instance, can be grouped as a clade, providing we include all ancestors of
crocodiles and all ancestors of birds stretching back to their most recent
shared common ancestor (as is illustrated in <b>Fig. 1.</b> by the green
ellipse). In fact, we could form a clade
using any two of the amniote groups included in this tree , providing we also
include all ancestors of the selected groups + all decedents of their common
ancestor. For example, a clade which
includes snakes and crocodilians must also contain all ancestors of snakes and
crocodilians stretching back to their most recent common ancestor (node 2), +
all descendents of that common ancestor (thus including lizards and
birds). A monophyletic group is, in
essence, a natural group because it does not arbitrarily exclude decedents of a
common ancestor and all members of a monophyletic group are united by
synapomorphies. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A paraphyletic group can be defined as a group which does
not contain all descendents of a common ancestor (i.e. descendants are excluded
arbitrarily). Because of their arbitrary
nature, these are not considered ‘natural groups’ in an evolutionary
context. They can, however, be used to concisely
describe groups of organisms united by certain anatomical features, for example
reptiles (illustrated in <b>Fig. 1.</b> by the red ellipse) is a useful term to
describe scaled, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectotherm">ectothermic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauropsida">sauropsids</a>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The final type of group we may construct is termed polyphyletic. These are defined as groups which exclude the
most recent shared common ancestor of all group members. ‘Warm blooded’ is a good example of this type
of group (illustrated in fig. 1 as the blue ellipses). Both mammals and birds have the ability to
maintain a constant body temperature.
However, by examining our evolutionary tree (<b>Fig. 1.</b>) we see that taxa on
branches that lie between mammals and birds are incapable of
thermoregulation. In this example, thermoregulation
is not a synapomorphy inherited from a common ancestor. Rather it is a homoplasy – an anatomical
similarity that has evolved independently in 2 or more groups of organisms that
are not necessarily closely related. The
last part of that definition is key and reveals that polyphyletic groups may be
nonsense groups with no evolutionary significance other than chance. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The crux of the matter is that a rank based linnean taxonomy
relying on morphological similarity can result in the construction of groups
based on superficial similarity rather than evolutionary relatedness. For example, as we have already mentioned,
the class Reptilia is paraphyletic.
Another example is the order Falconiformes (dinural birds of prey), the
traditional definition of which is considered polyphyletic. The purpose of any biological classification
must be to group organisms based on relatedness so that, for example, we may
intrinsically regard a member of a particular family to be more closely related
to members of its own family than to any taxa within different families. As we have seen, the principles of Linnaean
taxonomy fail to achieve this. On the
other hand, much of the success of phylogenetic analysis is that it provides a
mechanism whereby we may test relatedness.
Modern biology understands the importance of common evolutionary descent
in classification systems and although we still employ Linnaean principles in the
naming of groups, modern biological classification encourages these groups to
be clades. The <a href="http://www.ohio.edu/phylocode/">phylocode</a>, currently a
draft set of rules for governing phylogenetics classification, moves a step
further away from Linnaeus. Under the
phylocode ranks will be optional, permitting, for the first time,
classifications to be erected independently of Linnaean principles. Perhaps one day “King penguins can often feed
giant squids” will be resigned to the history books. </span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-52439087596694768362012-03-22T23:51:00.003+00:002012-11-12T16:09:58.453+00:00Form & Function: fruitful or folly?<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Apologies about not having posted yet, I am afraid I seem to forever be caught in perpetual mass bussy-ness. I must try harder in future. Perhaps I ought
to introduce what it is I do and work on, but it would be a tad egocentric to
start as such, no? ‘sides, it will inevitably come as a later post, better to outline some background first. Anyway,
in the meantime I was inspired by the demonstration from Laurent's work in the last post of something of grave concern to us all: the relation of form and function and where it leaves us in the fossil record.</span><br />
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<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">So, it is perhaps unfortunate that the relation of
form to function is complicated and really not too certain at all.
Whilst we can be fairly confident about inferences from morphology into
broad ecological catergories (e.g. carnivore vs herbivore, from tooth
shape etc), more detailed inferences into the functional morphology and
ecology are difficult. As we saw in the last post, ecological inferences
can be misleading, there in fish as the apparent specializations in jaw
function may be relevant only during times of scarcity, so that
normally the animal is more of a generalist, and clearly muddying any
efforts of interpretation from morphology alone.</span><br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Some
extant examples showcase other problems with form and function- indeed,
demonstrating at times no obvious link at all. The study of Reilly
& Lauder (1992) on salamanders is a standout example. Here, the
kinematics of suction feeding and the morphology of the head and pharynx
of six families of salamanders were compared independantly. The results
demonstrated that yes, sometimes forms of similar morphology plotted
similarly in kinematic space... but sometimes they plotted very
divergently. And sometimes forms of wildy different morphology were
kinematically very similar. Morphology was a poor predictor of behaviour. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">A
somewhat less extreme version of this lesson can also be viewed in the
osteoglossomorph fishes, which all show a boney "tongue" which bites
against the palate (Lauder & Liem, 1983; Sanford & Lauder, 1989,
1990; Lauder, 1995). This common morphology could (and indeed was)
intepreted rather reasonably as indicating a common function for this
bite amongst the osteoglossomorphs. However, actual comparison of the
kinematics of prey manipulation and processing in these fish reveals
that taxa utilise the "tongue-bite" in subtley different ways, with the
knifefish <i>Notopterus</i> grabbing prey with the main jaws whilst
raking through it with the "tongue"-borne teeth (which sounds extremely
painful) (Sanford & lauder, 1989, 1990). these differences in
function do not result from deviances in skeletal morhpology, but from
soft tissue morphology and differences in nervous control (Sanford & Lauder, 1990; Lauder, 1995). Similar reuslts have been found in work in
pumpkinseed sunfish (American lake-bound fish, not the awesomely
bizarre ocean-going <i>Mola</i>)- whilst the amount of hard-shelled food in the diet <i>did</i>
lead to increased muscle and jaw mass, this was often in less important
muscles and changes in muscle firing patterns were at least as
important (Lauder, 1983; Wainwright <i>et al</i>., 1991). </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Some might take this tale as splitting hairs; in all the osteoglossomorphs
the "bite" is used in prey processing, so fulfil a common hypothesised
function. </span><span style="font-size: small;">However, the importance of the missing
elements of soft tissues and details of nervous control (the latter
often neglected even in consideration of extant forms [Lauder, 1995])
really cannot be overstated. After all, how is it that rays could
generate sufficient bite forces in a cartilagenous jaw to crack shells
much harder than the jaws themselves? Answer: they have hard tooth
plates, yes, but also a suite of other features- including ligaments
tightly binding the jaws and asymetrical adductor muscle action
resulting in a "nutcracker"-like action which strongly amplifies jaw
closing force (Summers, 2000) (<b>Fig. 1.</b>). And this is all of course
highly problematic for us with a fossil record mostly depauperate in
soft bits. This sort of thing is especially critical in entirely
soft-bodied taxa, but still abounds in those with a much more robust
skeleton- whilst muscle scars and pits can help define muscle, ligament
and tendon position and action in vertebrates much remains uncertain-
such as muscle pennation, size and so power; and indeed many muscles do
not leave any osteological correlates. And of course neurological
controls and muscle firing patterns are entirely unknown. Another case, this time in lizards: </span><span style="font-size: small;">some taxa for
whom cranial kinesis appears possible from skull form actually do not
exhibit kinesis during life- e.g. <i>Uromastyx</i> (my favourite, you can DEFINITELY look forward to more on him in the future here) <i>Plocederma</i>, <i>Corucia</i> and <i>Tiliqua</i>, all of whom in life have the skull stabilized by ligaments (Herrel <i>et al</i>., 1998).Indeed, apparent lizard kinesis is often apparently unrealized <i>in vivo</i>, we will return to this sometime in the future when looking at kinesis, I am sure.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbnN_KxPIcrg8p22L5tQW6WuKMibkk_YanSDzuv3YupEnjxX0_W3yNMbo2X645gitW54gjwukZrsQVInG_gW9KZsHxECm-OzQDN5oPcVT7fIk-NOgs4FfwtPVJQZr9ZAumt3Yuid8Jt2PW/s1600/ray+mouth.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbnN_KxPIcrg8p22L5tQW6WuKMibkk_YanSDzuv3YupEnjxX0_W3yNMbo2X645gitW54gjwukZrsQVInG_gW9KZsHxECm-OzQDN5oPcVT7fIk-NOgs4FfwtPVJQZr9ZAumt3Yuid8Jt2PW/s1600/ray+mouth.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1.</b> The mouth of the Cownose ray (<i>Rhinopterus bonasus</i>) in ventral view (a), demonstrating how soft tissues characters (notably ligament action) permits shell-cracking that would seem imossible from the cartilagenous endoskeleton alone. The asymmetrical muscle contraction results in the jaws acting as a 2nd order lever, with the ligamentous attachment of the upper and lower jaws serving as the fulcrum. (b) Comparison of this system to a nutcracker. Like a nutcracker, when the adductors contract on the opposite end to the fulcrum (to provide the input force, (Fin), and the item to be crushed is placed closed to the fulcrum, the lever system has a much greater inlever (Lin) than outlever (Lout). As Fin*Lin=Fout*Lout, this means that the output force is multiplied several times relative to the input force, allowing cracking of thick-shelled prey. Pretty boss, yes? Figure from Summers (2000).</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Correlated with this is the absence of being able to observe behaviour in fossil specimens, which often reveals lifestyles which would seem unlikely or even impossible beased on skeletal characters alone. Case in point: take the Lammergeier (or bearded vulture, if you prefer. I don't), infamous for its diet being composed mostly of bone marrow. However, from its skeleton alone one would have to be quite inspired to come up with a bone-cruncher; without knowledge of its method of cracking bones by dropping them from a height (and indeed, of its extremely powerful stomach acid) we would be utterly in the dark as to it not just being another bird of prey. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A couple</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> last points of the day on the difficulties on form and function is that of the phenomenom of many-to-one mapping (and its inverse, one-to-many mapping), a pair of factors, both obvious in hindsight, that beg the question: if we are seeking what function a structure performed, well, <i>which one</i>?</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">One-to-many mapping of form onto function- that is that a single morphology can perform multiple roles and so fill multiple niches- is well known and demonstrated- as indeed in what we saw last time, where fish species demonstrate within multiple populations of differing feeding behaviour, but all sharing a common jaw morphology. The same can be seen across the animal kingdom- for example armadillo <i>Dasypus</i> is derived relative to other armadillos towards insectivory, with reduced jaw muscles and teeth- and yet still enjoys a broad, omnivorous diet which varies across its (very wide- Argentina to Southern USA) range (Smith & Redford, 1990).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Many-to-one mapping of form onto function is more of a problem for our understanding of the changing nature of disparity- that is, shape- and so ecological filling and roles through time. Alfaro <i>et al</i>. (2004) and Wainwright <i>et al</i>. (2005) modeled the (highly complex) jaw systems of labrid fishes as 4-bar linakge systems (a technique perhaps we may look back to another time) and determined that many different shapes all resulted in the same kinematic transmission- essentially that organisms had come up with mutilple different solutions to performing the same function, something rapidly evident in the natural world. This makes it clearly apparent that variety in morphology does not always indicate variety in function and hence simple measures of disparity may have little to do with actual functional and ecological variance (Wainwright <i>et al</i>., 2005). Anderson (2010) also drew such conclusions from a similar study on extinct placoderms, but also stressed how such morphological redundancy with respect to one functional trait- here kinematic transmission (KT)- allows organisms to adopt forms similar in one functional capacity, but varied in others (such as speed or strength of jaw closure, or gape angle, etc). Looking at one trait alone will underestimate actual functional variance, a holistic approach is necessary (Anderson, 2010). As for disparity measures, the case of these fishes highlights how it is imperative to employ a functional approach to disparity measures- that is measuring patterns in functionally relevant metrics such as KT or mechanical advantage over time (e.g. Anderson, 2009) to pick up genuine and relevant changes of relevance to ecology and ecological filling.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But, anyway, yes, I suppose we are all now fairly depressed after this merry little gambol through a few of the difficulties in inferring function from fossil form, with a few examples for good measure (sorry for the fish dominance of the examples- this is becoming quite a fishy blog. They're just good for this sort of thing. Do not worry, from my next post onwards I am quite insistent on changing this round to a juicy tetrapod bias- I work on dinosaurs, I swear!). It is now evident how problematic functional inferences in the fossil record can be, and why so much of this sort of thing is often shakey and even circular. But enough of my depressive diatribe, I know what you are all screaming- obviously we have had success in inferring function from form in the fossil record- so how (best) to do this? Patience dear boy/ol' gel (delete as appropriate), that is precisely what we'll be looking at next time.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So long and sorry for all the fish.</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Alfaro, M.E., Bolnick, D.I. & Wainwright, P.C. 2005. Evolutionary Consequences of Many-to-One Mapping of Jaw Morphology to Mechanics in Labrid Fishes. <i>The American Naturalist</i>, <b>165</b>, E140-E154. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Anderson, P.S.L., 2009. Biomechanics, functional patterns, and disparity in Late Devonian arthrodires. <i>Paleobiology</i>, <b>35</b>, 321-342.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Anderson, P.S.L., 2010. Using Linkage Models to Explore Skull Kinematic iversity and Functional Convergence in Arthrodire Placoderms. <i>Journal of Morphology</i>, <b>271</b>, 990-1005. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Herrel, A., Aerts, P. & De Vree, F. 1998. Static biting in lizards: functional morphology of the temporal ligaments. <i>Journal of the Zoology Society of London</i>, <b>244</b>,135–143. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Lauder, G.V. 1983. Neuromuscular patterns and the origin of trophic specialization in fishes. <i>Science</i>, <b>219</b>, 1235-1237. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Lauder, G.V. 1995. On the inference of function from structure. <i>In:</i> Thomason, J.J. (ed.) <i>Functional morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1-18. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Lauder, G.V. & Liem, K.F. 1983. The evolution and interrelationships of the actinopterygian fishes. <i>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology</i>, <b>150</b>, 95-197. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Reilly, S.M. & Lauder, G.V. 1992. Morphology, behaviour, and evolution: comparative kinematics of aquatic feeding in salamanders. <i>Brain, Behaviour, and Evolution</i>, <b>40</b>, 182-196.<b> </b> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sanford, C.P.J. & Lauder, G.V. 1989. Functional morphology of the "tongue-bite" apparatus in osteoglossomoprh fish <i>Notopterus</i>. <i>Journal of Morphology</i>, <b>202</b>, 379-408.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sanford, C.P.J. & Lauder, G.V. 1990. Kinematics of the tongue-bite apparatus of the osteoglossomorph fishes. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>, <b>154</b>, 137-162.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Smith, K.K. & Redford, K.H. 1990. The anatomy and function of the feeding apparatus in two armadillos (Dasypoda): anatomy is not destiny. <i>Journal of the Zoological Society of London</i>, <b>222</b>, 27-47. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Summers, A.P. 2000. Stiffening the Stingray Skeleton - An Investigation of Durophagy in Myliobatid Stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Batoidiae, Myliobatidae). <i>Journal of Morphology</i>, <b>243</b>, 113-126.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Wainwright, P.C., Osenberg, C.W. & Mittelbach, G.G. 1991. Trophic polymorphism in the pumpkinseed sunfish (<i>Lepomis gibbosus</i>): effects of environment on ontogeny. <i>Functional Ecology</i>, <b>5</b>, 40-55. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Wainwright, P.C., Alfaro, M.E., Bolnick, D.I. & Hulsey, C.D. 2005. Many-to-One Mapping of Form to Function: A General Principle in Organismal Design? <i>Intergrated Comparative Biology</i>, <b>45</b>, 256-262.</span></span></span></div>
David Buttonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10201436677843051799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-32289768278631614472012-03-14T00:00:00.002+00:002012-10-14T12:08:23.371+01:00Food for thought...<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I've been absurdly busy these last few weeks, gallivanting across the country. The upshot of this is that I have some important news to announce soon, so stay tuned!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Lots more posts in the pipeline from both me and Dave. If you just can't wait for more palaeo though, I strongly recommend watching <a href="http://ldarrasresearchdiary.wordpress.com/vlog/">this excellent lecture</a>, first presented at the <a href="http://www.palass.org/">PalAss</a> annual meet (2010) by <a href="http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/geology/extranet/staff/postgraduate-students/ld101">Laurent Darras</a>, a fellow Leicester palaeontologist and fish enthusiast. </span> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ8S4JkDcHZPjlhtSyJ_viITwyG6sgVTPL5IV91NHLEvn_x4gtAyRxBGaxOZSxFcoMTn7byk4nLAwzglAQeRey-aSIa_bqBpQqVlZeIFycJWDJ6mgpfOyhmh8djtf1vYKyFHbSBMwAyZyQ/s1600/Laurent+teeth.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ8S4JkDcHZPjlhtSyJ_viITwyG6sgVTPL5IV91NHLEvn_x4gtAyRxBGaxOZSxFcoMTn7byk4nLAwzglAQeRey-aSIa_bqBpQqVlZeIFycJWDJ6mgpfOyhmh8djtf1vYKyFHbSBMwAyZyQ/s320/Laurent+teeth.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1. </b>Tooth rows of <i>Gyrodus cuvieri</i> (top, Natural History Museum) and <i>Eomesodon</i> cf.<i>trigonus</i> (Department of Geology, University of Leicester). These characteristically large and flat teeth have previously been suggested to have evolved in response to a dietary shift towards shell crushing. Laurent's work demonstrates experimentally that the truth is less clear cut. Image: University of Leicester. <b> </b></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-55280641743332148222012-03-07T20:07:00.001+00:002012-10-14T12:04:46.965+01:00Tree Thinking [1]<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>Common Descent</b></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">In 1837, Charles Darwin sketched this diagram in his notebook.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YmYUhgMzibVmmA8V-Qz3U501F_vuDuEjosst8g6yHzHa15viDybKhPgSuRO-fV_AW8FrAkzCvVAA2xo_TQY1JIhO376r8QThUSc67hHTQ4bbsBUjOZl2obNALGN3s5IuqcDkQ1WzYYQu/s1600/Darwin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YmYUhgMzibVmmA8V-Qz3U501F_vuDuEjosst8g6yHzHa15viDybKhPgSuRO-fV_AW8FrAkzCvVAA2xo_TQY1JIhO376r8QThUSc67hHTQ4bbsBUjOZl2obNALGN3s5IuqcDkQ1WzYYQu/s320/Darwin.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1.</b> Darwin's evolutionary tree</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Darwin’s sketch depicts a tree of life with branches
terminating in species united in common descent. While Darwin was by no means the first to use
a tree to depict relationships between organisms, his inclusion of an
evolutionary tree within his seminal work; <i>On
the Origin of Species </i>(1859), popularised the concept. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Today
an entire branch of biology is devoted to tree thinking. It’s called phylogenetics and it underpins
modern evolutionary thought. Phylogenetics is concerned with determining the relatedness of organisms using shared derived characteristics. These characteristics can be obtained either through study of the anatomy/morphology of organisms, or through molecular sequencing of their genetic material. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Phylogenetics
is successful because it models evolutionary history in a elegantly simple and intuitive way. Despite this, however, it is largely overlooked in the national science
curriculum. This is, in my opinion, a
travesty. How on earth can we expect
young people to grasp evolutionary theory and its power to explain how biodiversity has arisen through common descent without an understanding of the thought process which underpins it? Personally, the exquisite logic behind tree
thinking is what inspired me to pursue a career in evolutionary study. More than that, it introduced me to
rationalism and the importance of considering evidence, rather than belief,
tradition or authority, before accepting or rejecting an idea. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 18px;"><b>Fig. 2.</b> A selection of vertebrates; a) cow, b) human, c) bearded dragon, d) strawberry poison dart frog, e) tarpon and f) echidna. Click to expand. Photos from flickr users; </span><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;">AnthonyMikeLee [a], </span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">john white photos [c], </span></span><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;">Burrard</span><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;">-Lucas Wildlife Photography [d], </span><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;">Bonairereef [e], </span><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;">Waterdragon62 [f]</span><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I’m going to attempt to demonstrate the principals of
phylogenetics using the familiar animals above.
Our objective is to group these animals in terms of relatedness using their anatomy. Perhaps the most obvious grouping we can pick out is
that of mammals. The characteristics which
unite all mammals are familiar to most of us; mammals have hair, mammals can
<a href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/thermoregulate?q=thermoregulation#thermoregulate__2">thermoregulate</a>, mammals produce milk and have middle ear bones. These are shared derived characteristics (in
scientific lingo; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/"><span id="goog_238257105"></span>synapomorphies<span id="goog_238257106"></span></a>): All
living mammals share these characters because they have inherited them from a
common ancestor. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">We can therefore confidently group together the echidna (f),
the cow (a) and the human (b). Wait just
a minute though! The human and the cow
share a number of characteristics that are not found in the echidna. The females of humans and cows are <a href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/viviparous?q=viviparity#viviparous__3">viviparous</a> and produce a placenta. These shared characteristics must have been
inherited from a more recent common ancestor which is not shared by the egg-laying echidna. Humans and cows are therefore more closely
related to one another than either is to the echidna. Consequently they form a more inclusive group
of mammals, called the placental mammals. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 18px;"><b>Fig. 3.</b> An evolutionary tree of mammals using the taxa selected in fig. 2. </span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The mammals and the bearded dragon (c) can be grouped together because the female in these animals produce an extensive
membrane around a developing embryo.
This group is called amniotes and includes all reptiles and birds as
well as mammals. Another characteristic
of amniotes is that they contain their eggs within a semipermeable leathery or hard
shell. This feature is lost in the
placental mammals which do not lay eggs.
Shelled eggs can thus be regarded as a synapomorphy of amniotes yet a symplesiomorphy,
or shared primitive characteristic, of mammals. In other words; laying shelled eggs is the
ancestral condition of mammals and cannot be used to define the group. This is because
the ability for primitive mammals, such as the echidna, to lay shelled eggs is inherited from a non-mammalian ancestor.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 18px;"><b>Fig. 4.</b> An evolutionary tree of amniotes using the taxa selected in fig. 2.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The amniotes and the strawberry poison dart frog (d) can be grouped together because these animals all share 4 limbs with 5 or fewer digits, a neck, well developed ribs and a rigid spine. This group is called tetrapods (literally; 4 feet), and includes all terrestrial vertebrates. All of the animals in Fig. 2. are united by the presence of a special type of bone, called spongy bone, in their <a href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/endoskeleton">endoskeletons</a>, and also by their specific jaw architecture. Ray-finned fish like the tarpon (e) must therefore share a common ancestor with tetrapods. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 18px;"><b>Fig. 5.</b> An evolutionary tree of osteichthyes (bony vertebrates) using the taxa selected in fig. 2.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">By looking at the characters shared by the animals in fig. 2. we are able to objectively access their evolutionary relatedness. What we find is a series of groups nested within groups. A nested groups shares a more recent common ancestor than a containing group; for example while it is true that mammals and lizards have a common ancestor, mammals share a more recent common ancestor and thus are more closely related to each other than any one of them is to lizards. It is important to note that mammals didn't evolve <i>from</i> lizards in the same way as humans didn't evolve <i>from</i> chimpanzees, both groups evolved independently from a common ancestor. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Our tree also reveals the sequence in which placental mammal characteristics evolved. We can now appreciate that the crude architecture of our jaws and the spongy bone within our skeleton are characters inherited from an ancient ancestor, while the hairs on our body and the ability to maintain a constant body temperature are characters that have evolved more recently.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I hope this will suffice as an introduction to tree thinking. If your still hungry for knowledge, <a href="http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/courses/27615.mol/pdf/understanding_evo_trees.pdf">Gregory (2008)</a> provides a comprehensive overview of how to interpret evolutionary trees, as well as identifying 10 common pitfalls. '<a href="http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_03">Understanding Evolution</a>' is a great online resource with lots of nice simple tree diagrams to get you thinking. I aim to write one more post about tree thinking specifically addressing the use of fossils in phylogenies (which is the fun part). </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-91196220643017984292012-03-03T23:27:00.000+00:002012-10-14T12:03:50.100+01:00Sea Squirt to Dave Wells [1]<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This is the first in a series of posts exploring our origins as
vertebrates from backboneless swimming worms to the masterful primates we are
today. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">These posts will hopefully address some important questions about
vertebrate evolution and diversification. For example:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Where do vertebrates fit in to the evolutionary tree of animals?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What do we know about the origin of vertebrates? How, where and
when did they evolve?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What are the closest living relatives of vertebrates?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When did bone/teeth evolve?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When did jaws evolve? (Bizarrely a separate issue from teeth)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What is ‘Dunkle's bony one’?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When did sharks evolve?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What is the difference between a goldfish and a coelacanth?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When did our ancestors first crawl out of the water? How and why
did limbs evolve?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><b>Fig. 1.</b></span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> Tiktaalik roseae - </i><span style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">arguably one of the most important fossil ever discovered in terms of understanding our evolutionary origins. Since its discovery in 2004, our understanding of the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates has greatly improved. Photo from flickr user; Harvard Museum of Natural History. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ultimately, this series will attempt to explain how
palaeontologists go about reconstructing our evolutionary history, often from
scant fossilised remains. </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8606881464457858450.post-85961792834695736372012-03-03T21:45:00.001+00:002012-03-07T20:18:06.262+00:00EvoPalaeo preface<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Firstly, an apology. I originally started blogging back in early 2011. The idea behind my first blog was to try and explain some interesting and complex palaeontological concepts to a educated, but non specialist, audience; specifically my close friends back in Brighton (and in particular <a href="http://weallgotwoodandnails.blogspot.com/">Dave Wells</a> who introduced me to the art of blogging). I</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">t also provided me with a good excuse to do some broader reading around the subject.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Unfortunately, these posts weren't as regular as I would have hoped due to a large amount of my time being devoted to completing my MGeol, finding a job, editing a scientific manuscript and applying for PhD's. Thankfully these time devouring commitments are, for the most part, over, and I can now invest some serious time into science blogging.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I have recently started to consider the possibility that ideas I developed in my original blog series could attract a larger audience. There is a healthy appetite for stimulating popular science writing on the web and its something I would love to be part of. The original content, however, needs serious editing if I am to attract more readers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I am therefore sorry to my few close friends who have read these first posts before, albeit in a different form. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I am hoping that I can attract another author for EvoPalaeo: I believe this is a great medium for science communication and I alone can't do palaeobiology justice. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the mean time, welcome to EvoPalaeo. I hope that I can share with you some of my enthusiasm and wonder for palaeontology; the study of past worlds and lives. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Fig. 1.</b> <i>Ophthalmosaurus icenius</i>, an ichthyosaur from the Middle Jurassic. We know from fossil evidence that these fish-shaped reptiles gave birth to live young, yet this highly adapted group evolved from 4 legged, egg laying terrestrial ancestors! © The Natural History Museum, London. </span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12772790182788920490noreply@blogger.com0